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PerQseal Introducer: The PerQseal Introducers are intended to provide access and facilitate the insertion of diagnostic or endovascular devices into femoral vasculature.

PerQseal Elite Introducer: The PerQseal Elite Introducers are intended to provide access and facilitate the insertion of diagnostic or endovascular devices into femoral vasculature.

Each PerQseal Introducer ('S', 'L', Elite 14F, and Elite 18F) includes an Introducer Sheath with a Dilator positioned within the lumen. The Introducer Sheath comprises a simple sheath that provides access to the site, while the Dilator is a component which guides the Introducer Sheath to the access site and provides a blood signal that is used to ensure proper positioning of the Introducer Sheath.

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The Introducer Sheath set is intended to be inserted in the vasculature to provide a conduit for the insertion of endovascular devices while minimizing blood loss associated with such insertions.

The Introducer Sheath Set consists of a sheath and a dilator. The sheath is comprised of a sheath tube, a sheath hub, and a hemostatic valve. While the dilator comprises a dilator hub, a dilator tube and a rod cap. The sheath features a hydrophilic coating. Each set of products is equipped with a sheath and a dilator. The product is sterilized with ethylene oxide and is disposable.

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The Abiomed 14Fr Low Profile Introducer Kit is intended to facilitate access to the vascular system for the introduction and removal of the Impella CP Catheter and ancillary devices.

The Abiomed 14Fr Low Profile Introducer Kit is a sterile, single-use, prescription device. The 14Fr Low Profile Introducer Kit consists of an introducer sheath and a tapered sheath dilator which is compatible with an 0.035" guidewire. The 14Fr Low Profile Introducer Kit is kitted with an 0.035" access guidewire, supplemental dilators and a luer adapter for convenience to help facilitate insertion.

The Abiomed 14Fr Low Profile Introducer Sheath consists of a sheath hub with three-way stopcock and flush port at its proximal end and a sheath body at its distal end. The sheath hub features an introducer cap, hemostasis valve, side-port with three-way stopcock and flush port, a butterfly (suture pad), and connects to the dilator hub. The coil reinforced polymer sheath body has an insertion profile of 14Fr to allow the insertion and removal of the Impella CP Catheter and ancillary devices.

The Abiomed 14Fr Low Profile Dilator consists of a dilator body, a tapered tip at the distal end, and a hub at the proximal end, which connects with the sheath hub. Additionally, the 14Fr dilator has a hydrophilic coating to aid in insertion of the device into the vasculature.

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The Primero Safe Access System is intended to facilitate placing a catheter through the skin into a vein or artery. The introducer needle is used in facilitating entry through the skin into a vein or artery to provide a conduit for the guidewire. The guidewire is an accessory device which is used for placement of a catheter or sheath in the vein or artery.

The Primero Safe Access System (SAS) is a catheter introducer that facilitates a quick approach for placement of a guidewire during the introduction of a catheter for vascular access. The Primero SAS combines an introducer needle, guidewire, advancer, and storage tube into a single integrated device to promote ease of use and quick access by the healthcare provider. The introducer needle consists of an 18Ga stainless steel needle with an echogenic tip and terminates on the proximal end with a colored translucent standard female luer lock hub. The introducer needle has an enhanced echogenic tip, that has been slightly modified to incorporate a small bulb-like feature at the proximal end of the tip bevel to enhance ultrasonic visualization during vascular access. The introducer needle is secured to the advancer through a luer lock connector at the distal end of the advancer. The advancer is a light-weight polymer handpiece that allows the user to grip the entire setup while introducing the needle into the vessel and then advancing the guidewire through the needle by either 'thumb" or 'two-finger" advancing based on the preference of the user. A cutout in the advancer handpiece wire path exposes the guidewire and conveniently allows the user to advance the guidewire with their fingers without having to let go of the handpiece. An internal path within the handpiece feeds the guidewire from a storage tube into the introducer needle. The looped storage tube is connected to the proximal end of the advancer and holds a spooled pre-loaded guidewire ready for deployment. A back stop has been inserted into the tube at the proximal end to prevent a guidewire from being over-retracted from the advancer. The Primero SAS is pre-loaded with a commercially available guidewire (previously cleared under K142393) ready for deployment through the introducer needle once placed in the target vessel. The guidewire is comprised of an uncoated nitinol core wire that is tapered at the distal tip where a stainless-steel coil is secured over the full-length of the core. The South53 Primero Safe Access System (SAS) integrates all the necessary elements into a single device to complete the Seldinger technique as part of a vascular access procedure.

The Primero SAS is provided sterile and is intended for single patient use. The device is not intended to be re-sterilized or re-used.

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The Pounce™ Sheath is intended to introduce therapeutic or diagnostic devices into the vasculature.

The Pounce™ Sheath 16Fr is a single-use, sterile introducer sheath intended for the introduction of therapeutic or diagnostic devices within the vasculature. The Pounce™ Sheath 16Fr includes the following features:

• Braided nitinol, self-expanding funnel at the sheath's distal end
• Handle assembly with slider button to actuate the funnel's deployment
• Hub and hemostasis valve assembly to allow for device introduction and removal
• Aspiration assembly including tubing, a stopcock, and connection for a 60 cc syringe

Additional components provided within the packaging include:

• 0.035" guidewire compatible pre-dilator for access site preparation
• 0.035" guidewire compatible dilator designed for atraumatic introduction of the sheath
• 60 cc locking syringe, compatible with the sheath's aspiration assembly

A radiopaque marker band is located at the distal tip of the sheath during introduction and removal, when the funnel is sheathed. When the funnel is unsheathed, the radiopaque marker band is located proximally to the funnel. The funnel is sheathed and unsheathed with the actuation of a slider button located on the handle assembly. The hemostasis valve can be actively defeated (opened), during device introduction or removal, by pressing down on the base of the surrounding hub. This action is designed to minimize device contact across the hemostatic valve during the introduction or removal of devices. The aspiration assembly also aids in the delivery of contrast or saline.

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The Vertex™ Catheter is intended to be inserted in the vasculature to provide a conduit for the insertion of endovascular devices while minimizing blood loss associated with such insertions.

Jupiter Endovascular's Vertex™ Catheter is a single-use catheter consisting of a multilayer shaft, a hemostatic valve, and an included locking obturator ("dilator"). The effective length of the catheter is coated to improve lubricity. The handle of the catheter includes a flush line, a fixation line for fixation control, and a hemostatic valve. The catheter shaft and obturator bodies are radiopaque. The distal tip of the catheter has a non-radiopaque region that is no more than 5 mm in length. The device is packaged as sterile and is for single use only.

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The Edwards eSheath Optima introducer set is indicated for the introduction and removal of compatible devices used with Edwards transcatheter heart valves.

The Edwards eSheath Optima introducer set (herein referred to as Optima set), model 14000ES16, consists of a sheath, vessel dilator, introducer, and in-sheath dilator. The Optima set is available with inner sheath diameter of 16 French and is used to facilitate introduction and removal of compatible devices used with the Edwards transcatheter heart valve (THV) systems into/from the vasculature.

The sheath shaft is composed of two layers; as devices are passed through the sheath, the inner member expands by sliding against itself while the outer jacket expands by stretching radially, temporarily expanding the shaft diameter. A radiopaque marker on the distal end indicates the location of the sheath tip in the body and a hydrophilic coating on the sheath tubing exterior facilitates introduction into the vessel. The sheath tubing mates with a housing, which holds three seals to provide hemostasis, and an extension tube with stopcock for flushing.

The vessel dilator is used to dilate the vessel prior to sheath insertion. The introducer is inserted into the sheath hub and locked prior to insertion into the body over a guidewire. The in-sheath dilator is used to expand the sheath during device use at the physician's discretion. The introducer, vessel dilator, and in-sheath dilator are radiopaque to improve fluoroscopic visibility intra-procedure.

The 29mm loader (included with the Edwards delivery system) features a disc valve within the loader cap assembly to help maintain hemostasis, and a scored perforation on the loader tube allowing the loader tubing to be "peeled away" and removed to utilize the full working length of the inserted device.

The provided text is a 510(k) clearance letter for a medical device called the Edwards eSheath Optima Introducer Set. It outlines the regulatory process and asserts the device's substantial equivalence to a predicate device. However, it does not contain any information about acceptance criteria or a study proving that an AI/software device meets those criteria, as typically seen in AI/ML medical device submissions.

The document pertains to a physical medical device (catheter introducer) and its non-clinical performance testing. The "summary of non-clinical testing" section lists various engineering and biocompatibility tests performed on the device itself, not on an AI algorithm.

Therefore, I cannot fulfill your request for:

1. A table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance for an AI/software device.
2. Sample sizes, data provenance, number of experts, adjudication methods, MRMC studies, standalone performance, ground truth types, training set details, or how training ground truth was established, because this information is not present in the provided document regarding an AI/software device.

The document is about a physical medical device and its non-clinical (engineering and biocompatibility) testing, not an AI/ML-based device.

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BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ Shielded IV Catheter is intended to be inserted into a patient's peripheral vascular system for short term use to sample blood, monitor blood pressure, or administer fluids. This device may also be used to facilitate the placement of guidewires and other vascular access devices such as catheters without pre-attached hubs. This device may be used for any patient population with consideration given to adequacy of vascular anatomy, procedure being performed, fluids being infused, and duration of therapy. The 22-18 GA (0.9-1.3 mm) devices are suitable for use with power injectors set to a maximum pressure of 300 psi (2068 kPa).

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ BC Shielded IV Catheter is intended to be inserted into a patient's peripheral vascular system for short term use to sample blood, monitor blood pressure, or administer fluids. This device may be used for any patient population with consideration given to adequacy of vascular anatomy, procedure being performed, fluids being infused, and duration of therapy. The 22-18GA (0.9-1.3 mm) devices are suitable for use with power injectors set to a maximum pressure of 300 psi (2068 kPa).

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ BC Pro Shielded IV Catheter is intended to be inserted into a patient's peripheral vascular system for short term use to sample blood, monitor blood pressure, or administer fluids. This device may be used for any patient population with consideration given to adequacy of vascular anatomy, procedure being performed, fluids being infused, and duration of therapy. The 22-18 GA (0.9-1.3 mm) devices are suitable for use with power injectors set to a maximum pressure of 300 psi (2068 kPa).

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ Shielded IV Catheter is an over-the-needle, intravascular (IV) catheter. This device includes a radiopaque BD Vialon™ Catheter Material, a needle, a grip with button, a flash chamber with vent plug, and a barrel. The needle and catheter are protected by a needle cover.

The 24-20 GA (0.7-1.1 mm) devices have BD Instaflash™ Needle Technology, allowing for immediate visualization of blood along the catheter. The flash chamber provides confirmation that the device has entered the vessel.

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ Shielded IV Catheter incorporates BD Autoguard™ Push-button Shielding Technology which is activated when the button is depressed. A spring mechanism retracts the needle and flash chamber into the barrel, fully encasing the needle and reducing the risk of accidental needlestick injury.

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ Shielded IV Catheter is available with or without wings. The catheter hub and wings are color coded to indicate catheter gauge size (24 GA (0.7 mm) = Yellow, 22 GA (0.9 mm) = Blue, 20 GA (1.1 mm) = Pink, 18 GA (1.3 mm) = Green, 16 GA (1.7 mm) = Grey, 14 GA (2.1 mm) = Orange).

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ Shielded IV Catheter facilitates the introduction of guidewires and other vascular access devices. The following labeled gauge sizes correspond to the following inside diameter (ID): 24 GA (0.40 mm ID), 22 GA (0.55 mm ID), 20 GA (0.7 mm ID), 18 GA (0.8 mm ID), 16 GA (1.2 mm ID), and 14 GA (1.6 mm ID).

The 22-18 GA (0.9-1.3 mm) devices are suitable for use with power injectors set to a maximum pressure of 300 psi (2068 kPa).

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ BC Shielded IV Catheter is an over-the-needle, intravascular (IV) catheter with blood control technology. This device includes a radiopaque BD Vialon™ Catheter Material, a needle, a grip with button, a flash chamber with vent plug, and a barrel. The needle and catheter are protected by a needle cover.

The blood control technology is designed to stop the flow of blood from the catheter hub until the initial Luer connection is made. Once the connection is made, fluids or blood can flow through the catheter hub in either direction.

The 24-18 GA (0.7-1.1 mm) devices have BD Instaflash™ Needle Technology, allowing for immediate visualization of blood along the catheter. The flash chamber provides confirmation that the device has entered the vessel.

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ BC Shielded IV Catheter incorporate BD Autoguard™ Push-button Shielding Technology which is activated when the button is depressed. A spring mechanism retracts the needle and flash chamber into the barrel, fully encasing the needle and reducing the risk of accidental needlestick injury.

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ BC Shielded IV Catheter is available with or without wings. The catheter hub and wings are color coded to indicate the catheter gauge size (24 GA (0.7 mm) = Yellow, 22 GA (0.9 mm) = Blue, 20 GA (1.1 mm) = Pink, 18 GA (1.3 mm) = Green, 16 GA (1.7 mm) = Grey).

The 22-18 GA (0.9-1.3 mm) devices are suitable for use with power injectors set to a maximum pressure of 300 psi (2068 kPa).

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ BC Pro Shielded IV Catheter is an over-the-needle, intravascular (IV) catheter with blood control technology. This device includes a radiopaque BD Vialon™ Catheter Material, a needle, a grip with button, a flash chamber with vent plug, and a barrel. The needle and catheter are protected by a needle cover.

The blood control technology is designed to stop the flow of blood from the catheter hub until the initial Luer connection is made. Once the connection is made, fluids or blood can flow through the catheter hub in either direction.

The 24-18 GA (0.7-1.1 mm) devices have BD Instaflash™ Needle Technology, allowing for immediate visualization of blood along the catheter. The flash chamber provides confirmation that the device has entered the vessel.

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ BC Pro Shielded IV Catheter incorporate BD Autoguard™ Push-button Shielding Technology which is activated when the button is depressed. A spring mechanism retracts the needle and flash chamber into the barrel, fully encasing the needle and reducing the risk of accidental needlestick injury.

BD Insyte™ Autoguard™ BC Pro Shielded IV Catheter is available with or without wings. The catheter hub and wings are color coded to indicate the catheter gauge size (24 GA (0.7 mm) = Yellow, 22 GA (0.9 mm) = Blue, 20 GA (1.1 mm) = Pink, 18 GA (1.3 mm) = Green, 16 GA (1.7 mm) = Grey).

The 22-18 GA (0.9-1.3 mm) devices are suitable for use with power injectors set to a maximum pressure of 300 psi (2068 kPa).

This document is a 510(k) clearance letter for three IV catheter devices, indicating that they are substantially equivalent to a previously cleared predicate device (K201075). It describes the changes made (new performance specifications and revised IFU) and provides a summary of performance tests conducted.

However, it does not contain the detailed acceptance criteria and reported device performance information that you specifically asked for in a table, nor does it describe a study that "proves the device meets the acceptance criteria" in the format of a clinical trial or algorithm validation study. The document primarily focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence to a predicate device, which often relies on bench testing and comparisons of technological characteristics, rather than extensive clinical studies or AI algorithm performance validation.

Therefore, I cannot provide a table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance from this document because it is not present. Similarly, information regarding sample sizes for test/training sets, data provenance, expert ground truth adjudication for AI, MRMC studies, standalone algorithm performance, or training set ground truth establishment is not applicable or not provided within this 510(k) clearance document, as it pertains to a physical medical device (IV catheter) and not an AI/ML-driven device.

The study described to demonstrate substantial equivalence consists of bench testing to verify new performance specifications and ensuring compliance with relevant ISO and ASTM standards.

Here's an overview of the information that is available in relation to performance:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance:

• Not provided in this document. The document states that "the subject device met all predetermined acceptance criteria for the above-listed performance tests," but it does not specify what those acceptance criteria were (e.g., specific thresholds or ranges for frequency response, kink resistance, or blood fill time). It also does not present the numerical results ("reported device performance") of these tests.

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance:

• Not applicable / Not provided. The document describes bench testing of physical devices, not an AI/ML system or a clinical study with a "test set" of patients or data in the context of AI validation.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts:

• Not applicable / Not provided. This information is relevant for AI/ML device validation and is not present for this physical medical device.

4. Adjudication method (e.g. 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set:

• Not applicable / Not provided. This information is relevant for AI/ML device validation and is not present for this physical medical device.

5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance:

• No. This is not an AI/ML device, so an MRMC study is not relevant.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the loop performance) was done:

• No. This is not an AI/ML device.

7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc):

• Not applicable / Not provided. For the performance tests listed (Frequency Response, Kink Resistance, Blood Fill Time, Catheter Separation Force), the "ground truth" would be the direct measurements obtained from the physical properties of the devices themselves, compared against pre-defined engineering specifications.

8. The sample size for the training set:

• Not applicable / Not provided. This is not an AI/ML device.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

• Not applicable / Not provided. This is not an AI/ML device.

Summary of Performance Tests and Compliance (as described in the document):

The document states that a risk analysis was conducted to assess the impact of modifications. When technological characteristics were identical to the predicate, results from the predicate were applied. For other aspects, the following tests were conducted:

BD Internal Requirements:

• Frequency Response Testing: To support blood pressure monitoring indications.
• Kink Resistance Testing: To support blood pressure monitoring indications.
• Blood Fill Time Testing: To support blood sampling indications.
• Catheter Separation Force: (No specific indication mentioned, but likely related to structural integrity during withdrawal)

Compliance with Standards Testing:

• Luer Testing: According to ISO 80369-7 (Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications).
• Packaging Testing: According to ISO 11607-1, ASTM F2096-11 (for gross leaks), and ASTM F88/F88M-15 (for seal strength).
• Biocompatibility: According to ISO 10993-1 (general biological evaluation) and ISO 10993-5 (for in vitro cytotoxicity).

Conclusion: The document explicitly states: "Per the design control requirements specified in 21 CFR §820.30, the subject device met all predetermined acceptance criteria for the above-listed performance tests, demonstrating substantial equivalence to the predicate devices." This indicates that the tests were performed and the results aligned with the internal and regulatory specifications, affirming the device's substantial equivalence.

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ViewFlex™ Xtra ICE Catheter
The ViewFlex™ Xtra ICE Catheter is indicated for use in adult and adolescent pediatric patients to visualize cardiac, structures, blood flow and other devices within the heart.

ViewFlex™ Eco Reprocessed ICE Catheter
The ViewFlex™ Eco Reprocessed Catheter is indicated for use in adult and adolescent pediatric patients to visualize cardiac structures, blood flow and other devices within the heart.

Advisor™ HD Grid Mapping Catheter, Sensor Enabled™
The Advisor™ HD Grid Mapping Catheter, Sensor Enabled™, is indicated for multiple electrode electrophysiological mapping of cardiac structures in the heart, i.e., recording or stimulation only. This catheter is intended to obtain electrograms in the atrial and ventricular regions of the heart.

Advisor™ HD Grid X Mapping Catheter, Sensor Enabled™
The Advisor™ HD Grid X Mapping Catheter, Sensor Enabled™, is indicated for multiple electrode electrophysiological mapping of cardiac structures in the heart, i.e., recording or stimulation only. This catheter is intended to obtain electrograms in the atrial and ventricular regions of the heart.

Agilis™ NxT Steerable Introducer
The Agilis™ NxT Steerable Introducer is indicated for the introduction of various cardiovascular catheters into the heart, including the left side of the heart, during the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

Agilis™ NxT Steerable Introducer Dual-Reach™
The Agilis™ NxT Steerable Introducer Dual-Reach™ is indicated for the introduction of various cardiovascular catheters into the heart, including the left side of the heart, during the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

The Agilis™ NxT Steerable Introducer Dual-Reach™ is a sterile, single-use device that con-sists of a dilator and steerable introducer, which is designed to provide flexible catheter positioning in the cardiac anatomy. The inner diameter of the steerable introducer is 13F. The steerable introducer includes a hemostasis valve to minimize blood loss during catheter intro-duction and/or exchange. It has a sideport with three-way stopcock for air or blood aspiration, fluid infusion, blood sampling, and pressure monitoring. The handle is equipped with a rotating collar to deflect the tip clockwise ≥180° and counterclockwise ≥90°. The steerable introducer features distal vent holes to facilitate aspiration and minimize cavitation and a radiopaque tip marker to improve fluoroscopic visualization.

This FDA 510(k) clearance letter (K251211) and its accompanying 510(k) summary pertain to a change in workflow for several existing cardiovascular catheters, specifically allowing for a "Zero/Low Fluoroscopy Workflow."

The key phrase here is "Special 510(k) – Zero/Low Fluoroscopy Workflow". This type of submission is for modifications to a previously cleared device that do not significantly alter its fundamental technology or intended use, but rather introduce a change in how it's used or processed.

Crucially, this submission does NOT describe a new AI/software device that requires extensive performance testing against acceptance criteria in the manner you've outlined for AI/ML devices. Instead, it's about demonstrating that existing devices, when used with a new, less-fluoroscopy-dependent workflow, remain as safe and effective as before.

Therefore, many of the questions you've asked regarding acceptance criteria, study details, ground truth, and expert adjudication are not applicable to the information provided in this 510(k) document. The document explicitly states:

• "Bench-testing was not necessary to validate the Clinical Workflow modifications."
• "Substantial Equivalence of the subject devices to the predicate devices using the zero/low fluoroscopy workflow has been supported through a summary of clinical data across multiple studies in which investigators used alternative visualization methods."

This indicates that the "study" proving the device (or rather, the new workflow) meets acceptance criteria is a summary of existing clinical data where alternative visualization methods were already employed, rather than a prospective, controlled study of a new AI algorithm.

Based on the provided document, here's what can be answered:

1. A table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance:

• Acceptance Criteria: The implicit acceptance criterion is that the devices, when used with "zero/low fluoroscopy workflow," maintain substantial equivalence to their predicate devices in terms of safety and effectiveness. This means they must continue to perform as intended for visualizing cardiac structures, blood flow, mapping, or introducing catheters.
• Reported Device Performance: The document states that "Substantial Equivalence... has been supported through a summary of clinical data across multiple studies in which investigators used alternative visualization methods." This implies that the performance (e.g., adequate visualization, successful mapping, successful catheter introduction) was maintained. Specific quantitative metrics of performance (e.g., accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, or inter-reader agreement for a diagnostic AI) are not provided or applicable here as this is not an AI/ML diagnostic clearance.

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance:

• Sample Size: Not specified. The document refers to "a summary of clinical data across multiple studies." This suggests an aggregation of results from existing (likely retrospective) patient data where alternative visualization techniques (allowing for "zero/low fluoroscopy") were already utilized clinically. It's not a new, single, prospectively designed test set for an AI algorithm.
• Data Provenance: Not specified regarding country of origin or specific patient demographics. It is implied to be clinical data collected from studies where these types of procedures were performed using alternative visualization. The data would be retrospective as it's a "summary of clinical data" that already exists.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts:

• Not applicable in the context of this 510(k). Ground truth in an AI/ML context typically refers to adjudicated labels for images or signals. Here, the "ground truth" is inferred from standard clinical practice and outcomes in the historical data summarized. There's no mention of a specific expert panel for new ground truth establishment for a diagnostic AI.

4. Adjudication method (e.g., 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set:

• Not applicable. This is not a study requiring adjudication of diagnostic outputs by multiple readers.

5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance:

• No. This is not an AI-assisted diagnostic device. The workflow change is about using alternative non-fluoroscopic imaging modalities (e.g., intracardiac echocardiography, electro-anatomical mapping systems), not about AI improving human reader performance.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

• No. This is not an AI algorithm. The predicate devices are physical catheters.

7. The type of ground truth used:

• The "ground truth" is inferred from clinical outcomes and established clinical practice using the devices with alternative visualization methods in real-world scenarios. It's not a specific, adjudicated dataset for an AI algorithm. The performance of the devices (such as successful navigation, visualization, and mapping) under the "zero/low fluoroscopy" workflow is assumed to be equivalent to their performance under full fluoroscopy, as demonstrated by prior clinical use where such methods were employed.

8. The sample size for the training set:

• Not applicable. There is no AI model being trained discussed in this document.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

• Not applicable. No training set for an AI model.

In summary:

This 510(k) is for a workflow modification for existing medical devices (catheters), not for an AI/ML diagnostic or assistive software. Therefore, the detailed data performance evaluation typically required for AI models against specific acceptance criteria (as requested in your template) is not presented or relevant in this clearance letter. The "proof" relies on the concept of substantial equivalence to previously cleared predicate devices, supported by a summary of existing clinical data that used alternative visualization methods, implying that the devices function safely and effectively even with reduced fluoroscopy.

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Bard® Temporary Pacing Catheters are designed to transmit an electrical signal from an external pulse generator to the heart or from the heart to a monitoring device.

The Needle / Cannula (Introducer) is intended for the introduction of Bard® Temporary Pacing Electrode Catheters into the venous vasculature.

Bard® Temporary Pacing Electrode Catheters:
Bard® Temporary Pacing Catheters are designed to transmit an electrical signal from an external pulse generator to the heart or from the heart to a monitoring device.

Bard® Temporary Pacing Electrode Catheters are constructed of insulated electrical wires encased within a woven shaft, which is then coated with various blends of radiopaque polyurethane-based materials. All Temporary Pacing Electrode Catheters are bipolar and include two stainless steel electrodes - one located along the shaft and one at the catheter distal tip. The proximal end of the devices includes the two electrical leads which have shrouded jacks and are used to establish electrical connections with an external pulse generator or monitoring device. Certain catheters may incorporate a lumen for balloon inflation.

Some products may be packaged with accessories such as a needle / cannula, an ECG adapter, or a balloon inflation syringe. All Bard® Temporary Catheter devices are packaged with safety adapters, are intended for prescription use only, and are for single use only.

Needle / Cannula (Introducer):
The Needle / Cannula (Introducer) is intended for the introduction of Bard® Temporary Pacing Electrode Catheters into the venous vasculature. The Needle / Cannula (Introducer) is not sold separately by C. R. Bard, Inc. and this accessory is only included with certain Bard® Temporary Pacing Electrode Catheter kits.

The devices are provided in two different French size / length variants, dependent on size / type of the accompanying Bard® Temporary Pacing Electrode Catheter.

The Needle / Cannula (Introducer) includes a needle and a cannula. The two components of the Introducer are inserted into the vein simultaneously. The needle is then withdrawn, leaving in place the cannula, through which the Bard® Temporary Pacing Electrode Catheter can be advanced through the vessel and into the desired placement location. The device is intended for prescription use only and is for single use only.

The provided FDA 510(k) clearance letter and summary describe the Bard® Temporary Pacing Electrode Catheter Needle / Cannula (Introducer). The submission is a "Special 510(k)" primarily focused on removing a warning label related to unknown electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with low-frequency emissions.

Here's an analysis of the acceptance criteria and the study that proves the device meets those criteria, based on the provided text:

Acceptance Criteria and Device Performance

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

The core of this Special 510(k) is the demonstration of electromagnetic compatibility, specifically concerning immunity to proximity magnetic fields, to justify the removal of a previous warning label.

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

• Sample Size: The document does not explicitly state a numerical sample size (e.g., "N=X devices were tested"). It refers to "representative external pulse generator equipment and the sample Temporary Pacing Electrode devices." This typically implies a limited number of devices/systems sufficient to represent the product line for EMC testing as per regulatory guidelines for in-vitro/bench testing.
• Data Provenance: The study was a bench (in-vitro) test performed to a recognized international standard (IEC 60601-1-2). There is no patient data involved, so there is no country of origin or retrospective/prospective distinction.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and Qualifications

Not applicable. This was a bench-top engineering test evaluating electromagnetic compatibility against a defined international standard (IEC 60601-1-2). "Ground truth" in the clinical sense (e.g., diagnosis by experts) is not relevant here. The "ground truth" is the established test methodology and performance limits defined by the IEC standard.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

Not applicable. As a bench test against objective standards, there is no expert adjudication process like those used in clinical studies for diagnostic accuracy. The results are objectively measured against the specified limits of the IEC standard.

5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, and the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

Not applicable. This device is a passive pacing electrode catheter and introducer, not an AI-powered diagnostic or therapeutic tool with a human-in-the-loop component.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

Not applicable. The device is a medical hardware component, not an algorithm. The testing focused on the physical and electrical compatibility of the hardware with relevant external equipment.

7. The Type of Ground Truth Used

The "ground truth" for this study is compliance with international consensus standards for electromagnetic compatibility, specifically IEC 60601-1-2 (Edition 4.1): 2020, with particular focus on Clause 8.11 and the methods specified in IEC 61000-4-39 (2017). This standard defines objective tests and acceptance limits for device performance under various electromagnetic conditions.

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

Not applicable. There is no "training set" as this is not a machine learning or AI-driven device.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

Not applicable, as there is no training set.

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