(146 days)
Not Found
No
The device description and performance studies focus on a physical method (density gradient separation and spinning) to estimate sperm concentration based on the height of a compacted column. There is no mention of image processing, AI, ML, or any computational analysis of data that would suggest the use of these technologies. The interpretation is based on the visible column height and categorized by lay readers according to instructions.
No
The device is intended for semi-quantitative assessment of sperm concentration for diagnostic purposes, not for treating a disease or condition.
Yes
The device is intended for "semi-quantitative assessment of sperm concentration," which is a measurement used to evaluate a man's fertility status, and "for complete assessment of male reproductive health, the user should consult a physician." This falls under the definition of a diagnostic device as it provides information about a health condition.
No
The device description explicitly states that the system includes a "small instrument (the Engine)" and "disposable units" (the Props), which are hardware components used in the testing process.
Yes, this device is an IVD (In Vitro Diagnostic).
Here's why:
- Intended Use: The "Intended Use / Indications for Use" section explicitly states "For in vitro, over the counter home use." This is a key characteristic of an IVD.
- Device Description: The description details how the device analyzes a biological sample (semen) to provide information about a physiological state (sperm concentration). This is the core function of an IVD.
- Performance Studies: The document includes a summary of performance studies that evaluate the device's accuracy in measuring sperm concentration compared to a reference method (CASA). This type of validation is required for IVDs.
- Predicate Device: The mention of a "Predicate Device(s)" with a K number (K100341; SpermCheckTM Fertility) indicates that this device is being compared to a previously cleared IVD.
All these elements strongly support the classification of the Trak® Male Fertility Testing System as an In Vitro Diagnostic device.
N/A
Intended Use / Indications for Use
The Trak® Male Fertility Testing System is intended for semi-quantitative assessment of sperm concentration at 15 million sperm per milliliter (M/mL) or below, between 15 and 55 M/mL, and above 55 M/mL. Sperm concentration is only one factor that could impact a man's fertility status and time to pregnancy. For complete assessment of male reproductive health, the user should consult a physician. For in vitro, over the counter home use.
Product codes (comma separated list FDA assigned to the subject device)
GKZ
Device Description
The Trak® Male Fertility Testing System (Trak) includes a small instrument (the Engine), disposable units in which liquefied semen sample is introduced and the result is interpreted (the Props), and consumables, including collection cups and sample droppers. Trak uses the principle of density gradient separation to isolate sperm cells from human semen to provide an estimation of sperm concentration. The Trak Engine spins a test Prop to compact sperm cells within an introduced semen sample into a visible column (or "pellet"). The Prop gives a defined shape to the column, the height of which corresponds to the concentration of sperm cells in the sample.
Since semen may also contain cell debris, immature sperm cells, and other contaminant particulates that could contribute to the apparent size of a pellet, it is necessary to filter out the contaminants. Trak achieves this filtering by removing contaminants from view based on density across a predefined liquid density medium.
During operation, approximately 0.17 mL of semen is metered by centrifugal action from the sample inlet into the metering chamber of the Prop. During rotation, the semen floats on "top" of the pre-loaded density medium. Sperm cells pass through the medium due to their high density while contaminants remain floating on the medium. When the spin sequence is complete, the sperm cells form a visible column that is displayed to the user for interpretation. Contaminants that are less dense than the liquid density medium are suspended "above" the medium, substantially separated from the sperm cells and are generally too diffuse to visualize.
Mentions image processing
Not Found
Mentions AI, DNN, or ML
Not Found
Input Imaging Modality
Not Found
Anatomical Site
Not Found
Indicated Patient Age Range
Not Found
Intended User / Care Setting
For in vitro, over the counter home use.
Description of the training set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Not Found
Description of the test set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
A series of studies were performed that evaluated the following analytical performance characteristics: analytical sensitivity, precision, interference testing, QC material precision, and cleaning robustness.
Analytical Sensitivity - Near-Cutoff Validation: Fresh semen samples were pooled and diluted to 7 concentrations that challenged the 15 M/mL threshold (10 M/mL, 11.5 M/mL, 13 M/mL, 15 M/mL, 17 M/mL, 18.5 M/mL, 20 M/mL). Similarly, semen samples were pooled and diluted to 7 concentrations that challenge the 55 M/mL threshold (45 M/mL, 47 M/mL, 50 M/mL, 55 M/mL, 60 M/mL, 63 M/mL, 65 M/mL). The concentration of each pooled sample was verified to within 5% of target values by CASA and tested in 20 replicates on the Trak System.
Precision Study: Three lots of Props were tested in five "days" on 7 sperm samples diluted to concentrations near 15 M/mL and 55 M/mL and were confirmed by CASA. Because sperm cells are not stable over time, time periods within a single day were substituted for days. Each combination of "day", Prop lot/Operator/Instrument, and run were tested in 2 replicates to obtain 60 total replicates per sperm concentration.
Consumer Interpretation Study: Sixty-one (61) lay, novice subjects (28 male, 33 female) at two sites were presented with instructions for use, a Trak Male Fertility System, and a document packet containing an instructional comprehension quiz and images of Trak results for evaluation. Subjects were instructed to read through the instructions and answer all questions in the packet, but were given no further assistance. Images of seven Trak Props representing results at 8 M/mL, 20 M/mL, 47 M/mL, 63 M/mL, 70 M/mL, and 85 M/mL were presented in a different randomized order to each subject. Users categorized each result according to their interpretation: 55 M/mL. Two (2) interpretation forms were not correctly filled out by each of two subjects, and were excluded from the study, resulting in 425 Prop interpretations.
Interference Testing: Elevated concentrations of saliva, urine, blood, leukocytes, E. coli, C. albicans, C. trachomatis, N. perflava, testosterone, D-norgestrel, and B-estradiol were tested as interfering substances. Each concentration of interfering substance was spiked into semen containing approximately 10 M/mL or 20 M/mL sperm and tested in 20 replicates on the Trak device, evaluated against the 15 M/mL threshold. For 55 M/mL threshold, interfering substances were spiked into semen samples of approximately 45 M/mL or 65 M/mL sperm and tested in 10 replicates. All samples were photographed in the presence of a calibrated ruler for quantitative analysis.
QC Material Precision: Two lots each of two formulations of QC material (Control Solution A, approx. 17.5 M/mL; Control Solution B, approx. 7.5 M/mL) were tested in duplicate in two separate runs per day over 20 non-consecutive days.
Cleaning Robustness: Trak Props were tested in replicates of 10 with 4 different sperm concentrations (approximately 10 M/mL, 20 M/mL, 45 M/mL and 65 M/mL) intended to challenge the 15 M/mL threshold and 55 M/mL feature. One set of Props was tested before cleaning and disinfection, and one set after 50 cycles of cleaning with soap and water and disinfection with Super Sani-Wipes, according to the proposed user instruction. Engine spin rates were checked against specifications before and after cleaning and disinfection.
Clinical Data: The study was a cross-sectional, multi-site investigation conducted at three clinical sites in the United States. Male subjects providing and testing semen specimens (n=239) were either presumptively healthy, a partner in a couple having difficulty conceiving, diagnosed with male factor infertility, post-vasectomy patients, or post-vasectomy reversal patients. Additionally, "tester" lay-persons were recruited to test semen specimens provided by a subset of subjects. Following collection, either the subject or tester analyzed the sample by Trak using only the instructional booklet. A health-care professional (HCP) observed the Prop and recorded their interpretation, then performed their own Trak test on a saved aliquot. Lay readers were asked to interpret each result into one of three categories: 55 M/mL. In parallel, an HCP technician analyzed an additional aliquot on a Computer Aided Semen Analysis (CASA, Hamilton-Thorne CEROS™) instrument. Study subjects, testers, and reference method operators were blinded to the test results from the other testers during the clinic visit.
Summary of Performance Studies (study type, sample size, AUC, MRMC, standalone performance, key results)
Analytical Sensitivity - Near-Cutoff Validation:
Study type: Analytical performance study
Sample size: 7 concentrations, 20 replicates each. Total 140 tests.
Key results: For samples >=10 M/mL and 15 M/mL (85% Correct). For >=18.3 M/mL and 15 M/mL. For >=44.0 M/mL and 55 M/mL (n/a % Correct). For 59.1 M/mL, 9/20 were 15-55 M/mL and 11/20 were >55 M/mL (55% Correct). For 62.9 M/mL, 19/20 were >55 M/mL (95% Correct). For 66.3 M/mL, 100% correct calls >55 M/mL.
The data support that Trak results are adequately close to reference values in the vicinity of both thresholds.
Precision Study:
Study type: Analytical performance study
Sample size: 7 sperm concentrations, 60 total replicates per concentration.
Key results: The precision of the Trak device is adequate for meeting the user's need for a consistent semiquantitative result when used according to instructions. For samples 55 M/mL (averages 56.7 to 61.9 M/mL), percent correct calls varied from n/a to 100%.
Consumer Interpretation Study:
Study type: User study
Sample size: 61 subjects, 425 Prop interpretations.
Key results: Overall Percent Agreement (OPA) of 97.4%. PPA for >55 M/mL was 98.8% (95% CI: 96.5% - 100%). NPA for >55 M/mL was 96.2% (95% CI: 91.6% - 100%). Study met all acceptance criteria. The data support that lay users are able to interpret the Trak results.
Interference Testing:
Study type: Analytical performance study
Key results: Bacteria associated with sexually transmitted diseases and elevated hormone levels were found to not interfere with Trak results at the relevant concentrations. Of the tested interferents, only 3 M/mL leukocytes and 1% whole blood failed acceptance criteria for any tested concentration. A limitation will be added to the labeling stating that extremely high levels of leukocytes in the semen sample may produce falsely elevated results.
QC Material Precision:
Study type: Analytical performance study
Sample size: Two lots of two formulations, tested in duplicate over 20 days.
Key results: Both formulations met acceptance criteria, with 100% of results falling in the expected category. This data supports that the Trak QC material has adequate precision.
Cleaning Robustness:
Study type: Analytical performance study
Key results: The data support the resistance of the Trak Engine to the intended cleaning and disinfection protocol. Engine spin rates were consistent before and after 50 cleaning cycles.
Prop Stability:
Study type: Stability study
Key results: Stability data meeting acceptance criteria were obtained for one time point beyond the claimed expiry date for the Trak Props. At least 90% of test results at each sperm concentration were required to fall in the correct category.
QC Material Stability:
Study type: Stability study
Key results: Stability data meeting acceptance criteria were obtained for one time point beyond the claimed expiry date for the Trak QC material. At least 90% of test results were required to fall in the correct category.
Clinical Data:
Study type: Cross-sectional, multi-site clinical study
Sample size: 239 subjects.
Key results: Conditional probability of a correct Trak result:
- 55 M/mL: 95.5% (95% CI: 88.9-98.2%)
These outcomes provide evidence supporting the accuracy of the Trak test when used by lay testers. Subjects and testers also generally felt the Trak test was easy to use. The study demonstrated substantial equivalence of the Trak system in comparison to the reference method and its safe use in the hands of the intended use population.
Key Metrics (Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, etc.)
Consumer interpretation study (Accuracy of interpretation with respect to 55 M/mL):
PPA: 98.8%
NPA: 96.2%
Clinical Study (Conditional Probability of Correct Trak Result):
55 M/mL: 95.5%
Predicate Device(s): If the device was cleared using the 510(k) pathway, identify the Predicate Device(s) K/DEN number used to claim substantial equivalence and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text. List the primary predicate first in the list.
Reference Device(s): Identify the Reference Device(s) K/DEN number and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text.
Not Found
Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) - All Relevant Information for the subject device only (e.g. presence / absence, what scope was granted / cleared under the PCCP, any restrictions, etc).
Not Found
§ 864.5220 Automated differential cell counter.
(a)
Identification. An automated differential cell counter is a device used to identify one or more of the formed elements of the blood. The device may also have the capability to flag, count, or classify immature or abnormal hematopoietic cells of the blood, bone marrow, or other body fluids. These devices may combine an electronic particle counting method, optical method, or a flow cytometric method utilizing monoclonal CD (cluster designation) markers. The device includes accessory CD markers.(b)
Classification. Class II (special controls). The special control for this device is the FDA document entitled “Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Premarket Notifications for Automated Differential Cell Counters for Immature or Abnormal Blood Cells; Final Guidance for Industry and FDA.”
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Image /page/0/Picture/1 description: The image shows the logo for the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The logo consists of a circular seal with the words "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES - USA" arranged around the perimeter. Inside the circle is an abstract symbol resembling a stylized eagle or bird in flight, composed of three human profiles facing to the right.
Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Center - WO66-G609 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
May 16, 2016
Sandstone Diagnostics. Inc. c/o Erika B. Ammirati Ammirati Regulatory Consulting 575 Shirlynn Court Los Altos, CA 94022
Re: K153683
Trade/Device Name: Trak® Male Fertility Testing System Regulation Number: 21 CFR § 864.5220 Regulation Name: Automated differential cell counter Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: GKZ Dated: April 14, 2016 Received: April 15, 2016
Dear Ms. Ammirati,
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food. Drug. and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Parts 801 and 809); medical device reporting (reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements
1
as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Resourcesfor You/Industry/default.htm. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.
You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Industry and Consumer Education at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm.
Sincerely yours,
Leonthena R. Carrington -S
Leonthena R. Carrington, MS, MBA, MT(ASCP) Director Division of Immunology and Hematology Devices Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
2
Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K153683
Device Name Trak® Male Fertility Testing System
Indications for Use (Describe)
The Trak® Male Fertility Testing System is intended for semi-quantitative assessment of sperm concentration at 15 is only and feature that meet (MimL) or below, between 15 and -5 MimL. and above 55 M/mL. Sperm concentration is only one factor that could impact a man's fertility status and time to pregnancy. For complete assessment of male reproductive health, the user should consult a phrey status and thire oppregancy. For complete a
Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
CONTINUE ON A SEPARATE PAGE IF NEEDED.
This section applies only to requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
"DO NOT SEND YOUR COMPLETED FORM TO THE PRA STAFF EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW."
The burden time for this collection of information is estimated to average 79 hours per response, including the time to review instructions, search existing data sources, gather and maintain the data needed and complete and review the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this information collection, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to:
Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Office of Chief Information Officer Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) Staff PRAStaff@fda.hhs.gov
"An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB number."
FORM FDA 3881 (8/14)
Page 1 of 1
PSC Publishing Sarvices (301) 443-6740 EF
Form Approved: OMB No. 0910-0120 Expiration Date: January 31, 2017 See PRA Statement below.
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Image /page/3/Picture/0 description: The image contains the logo for Sandstone Diagnostics, Inc. The logo features a circular graphic in shades of brown and orange, with the word "SANDSTONE" in brown, bold letters next to it. Below "SANDSTONE" is the text "DIAGNOSTICS, Inc." in a smaller, lighter font.
510(k) SUMMARY
This summary of 510(k) safety and effectiveness information is being submitted in accordance with the requirements of SMDA 1990 and 21 CFR 807.92. The assigned 510(k) number is K153683.
| 807.92 (a)(1): Name: | Sandstone Diagnostics, Inc. | |
|---|---|---|
| Address: | 6111 Southfront Road, Suite J | |
| Livermore, CA 94551 | ||
| Phone: | 925-315-7246 | |
| FAX: | 925-215-2269 | |
| Contact: | Greg Sommer, PhD |
807.92 (a)(2): Device name- trade name and common name, and classification
Trade name: Trak® Male Fertility Testing System
Common Name: Sperm concentration test
Classification: 21 CFR § 864.5220
807.92 (a)(3): Identification of the legally marketed predicate devices
SpermCheckTM Fertility, Princeton Biomedtech Corp, Monmouth Junction, NJ, K100341
807.92 (a)(4): Device Description
The Trak® Male Fertility Testing System (Trak) includes a small instrument (the Engine), disposable units in which liquefied semen sample is introduced and the result is interpreted (the Props), and consumables, including collection cups and sample droppers. Trak uses the principle of density gradient separation to isolate sperm cells from human semen to provide an estimation of sperm concentration. The Trak Engine spins a test Prop to compact sperm cells within an introduced semen sample into a visible column (or "pellet"). The Prop gives a defined shape to the column, the height of which corresponds to the concentration of sperm cells in the sample.
Since semen may also contain cell debris, immature sperm cells, and other contaminant particulates that could contribute to the apparent size of a pellet, it is necessary to filter out the contaminants. Trak achieves this filtering by removing contaminants from view based on density across a predefined liquid density medium.
SANDSTONE DIAGNOS 6111 Southfront Road. Livermore. CA 9455 www.sandstonediagnostics.com
4
During operation, approximately 0.17 mL of semen is metered by centrifugal action from the sample inlet into the metering chamber of the Prop. During rotation, the semen floats on "top" of the pre-loaded density medium. Sperm cells pass through the medium due to their high density while contaminants remain floating on the medium. When the spin sequence is complete, the sperm cells form a visible column that is displayed to the user for interpretation. Contaminants that are less dense than the liquid density medium are suspended "above" the medium, substantially separated from the sperm cells and are generally too diffuse to visualize.
807.92 (a)(5): Intended Use
The Trak® Male Fertility Testing System is intended for semi-quantitative assessment of sperm concentration at 15 million sperm per milliliter (M/mL) or below, between 15 and 55 M/mL, and above 55 M/mL. Sperm concentration is only one factor that could impact a man's fertility status and time to pregnancy. For complete assessment of male reproductive health, the user should consult a physician. For in vitro, over the counter home use.
807.92 (a)(6): Technological Similarities and Differences to the Predicate
The following chart describes similarities and differences between Trak and the predicate.
| Comparison | Subject Device
Trak® Male Fertility Testing
System | Predicate Device
SpermCheck® Fertility
(K100341) |
|-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Intended Use | The Trak® Male Fertility Testing
System is intended for semi-quantitative
assessment of sperm concentration at 15
million sperm per milliliter (M/mL) or
below, between 15 and 55 M/mL, and
above 55 M/mL. Sperm concentration
is only one factor that could impact a
man's fertility status and time to
pregnancy. For complete assessment of
male reproductive health, the user
should consult a physician. For in vitro ,
over the counter home use. | SpermCheck® Fertility is a qualitative
test that detects sperm concentration at
or above 20,000,000 sperm/mL. The
test is intended for use as an aid in the
determination of a man's fertility
status. For in vitro , over the counter
home use. |
| Class | Class II | Same |
| Regulation Number | 21 CFR 864.5220 | Same |
| Product Code | GKZ | Same |
| Branch | Hematology (81) | Same |
| Class | Class II | Same |
| Test type | Semi-Quantitative | Qualitative |
| Test locale | Home use | Same |
| Sample type | Human semen | Same |
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| Comparison | Subject Device
Trak® Male Fertility Testing
System | Predicate Device
SpermCheck® Fertility
(K100341) |
|---------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| Test reporting | Visual readout of cell column height | Visual line |
| Test principle | Centrifuged packed cell height | Chromatographic immunoassay |
| Primary cut-off | 15 M/mL (lower reference limit, current WHO guidelines) | 20 M/mL (lower reference limit, previous WHO guidelines) |
| Secondary cut-off | 55 M/mL (indication of faster time to pregnancy based on Slama et al 2002 study) | None |
| Test control method | External Quality Control test solution | Internal control line |
807.92 (b)(1): Brief Description of Nonclinical Data
A series of studies were performed that evaluated the following analytical performance characteristics: analytical sensitivity, precision, interference testing, QC material precision, and cleaning robustness.
Analytical Sensitivity
Near-Cutoff Validation
The objective was to demonstrate that Trak generates results sufficiently close to 15 M/mL and 55 M/mL when samples near each of these cut-offs are tested. Fresh semen samples were pooled and diluted to 7 concentrations that challenged the 15 M/mL threshold. The approximate following concentrations were formulated:
10 M/mL sperm 11.5 M/mL sperm 13 M/mL sperm 15 M/mL sperm (at or near threshold) 17 M/mL sperm 18.5 M/mL sperm 20 M/mL sperm
Similarly, semen samples were pooled and diluted to 7 concentrations that challenge the 55 M/mL threshold. The approximate following concentrations were formulated:
45 M/mL sperm 47 M/mL sperm 50 M/mL sperm 55 M/mL sperm (at or near threshold) 60 M/mL sperm 63 M/mL sperm 65 M/mL sperm
6
The concentration of each pooled sample was verified to within 5% of target values by CASA and tested in 20 replicates on the Trak System
| ID # | CASA
Result
(M/mL) | # Trak
15 M/mL | | % Correct |
|------|--------------------------|---------------------|--------------------|-----------|-----------|
| | | | 15 - 55 M/mL | > 55 M/mL | |
| 1 | 10.2 ± 0.4 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| 2 | 11.6 ± 0.3 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| 3 | 13.2 ± 0.2 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| 4 | 15.1 ± 0.5 | 19 | 1 | 0 | n/a |
| 5 | 17.1 ± 0.5 | 3 | 17 | 0 | 85 |
| 6 | 18.3 ± 0.4 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 7 | 20.8 ± 0.5 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 8 | 44.0 ± 3.1 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 9 | 47.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 10 | 50.6 ± 2.3 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 11 | 54.1 ± 2.5 | 0 | 16 | 4 | n/a |
| 12 | 59.1 ± 2.2 | 0 | 9 | 11 | 55 |
| 13 | 62.9 ± 5.2 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 95 |
| 14 | 66.3 ± 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 100 |
Summary of supplemental validation, including sum for each category and percent correct calls.
The data support that Trak results are adequately close to reference values in the vicinity of both thresholds.
Precision
The objective of this study was to establish the measurement precision of the Trak system. Three lots of Props were tested in five "days" on 7 sperm samples diluted to concentrations near 15 M/mL and 55 M/mL and were confirmed by CASA. Because sperm cells are not stable over time, time periods within a single day were substituted for days. Each combination of "day", Prop lot/Operator/Instrument, and run were tested in 2 replicates to obtain 60 total replicates per sperm concentration.
| ID # | Replicate results (M/mL) | Average ± SD (M/mL) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
| 1 | 13.1 | 14.5 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 13.3 ± 0.9 |
| 2 | 15.5 | 16.4 | 15.6 | 14.2 | 15.4 ± 0.9 |
| 3 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 ± 0.1 |
| 4 | 17.9 | 19.0 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 18.2 ± 0.8 |
| 5 | 42.7 | 45.0 | 49.0 | 46.3 | 45.8 ± 2.6 |
| 6 | 58.8 | 59.8 | 55.2 | 52.9 | 56.7 ± 3.2 |
| 7 | 66.4 | 58.3 | 59.4 | 63.6 | 61.9 ± 3.8 |
Reference Measurements from Precision Study
7
Summary results
The following includes grand averages for each condition, sum for each category, and percent correct calls.
| ID | # Trak Results
15 M/mL | | % Correct |
|----|-----------------------------|--------------------------|----------|-----------|
| | | 15- 55 M/mL | >55 M/mL | |
| | 60 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| ଧ | 60 | 0 | 0 | n/a |
| 3 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 50 |
| 4 | 18 | 42 | 0 | 70 |
| ട് | 0 | 60 | 0 | 100 |
| 6 | 0 | 26 | 34 | n/a |
| 7 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 100 |
The precision of the Trak device is adequate for meeting the user's need for a consistent semiquantitative result when used according to instructions.
Consumer interpretation study
The objective was to demonstrate that Trak results are interpreted correctly by lay users, particularly close to the 55 M/mL threshold. Lay, novice subjects at two sites were presented with instructions for use, a Trak Male Fertility System, and a document packet containing an instructional comprehension quiz and images of Trak results for evaluation. Subjects were instructed to read through the instructions and answer all questions in the packet, but were given no further assistance. Images of seven Trak Props representing results at 8 M/mL, 20 M/mL, 47 M/mL, 63 M/mL, 70 M/mL, and 85 M/mL were presented in a different randomized order to each subject. Users categorized each result according to their interpretation: ≤15 M/mL, 15-55 M/mL, or > 55 M/mL. Sixty-one (61) subjects (28 male, 33 female) performing a total of 425 Prop interpretations were included in this study. Two (2) interpretation forms were not correctly filled out by each of two subjects, and were excluded from the study. A result below a given threshold was considered to be a positive result (i.e. positive for the condition of low sperm concentration) for the purposes of calculating PPA and NPA.
The subjects assigned the correct category in 414 instances, for an OPA of 97.4%. The results are tabulated below:
| Prop | Trak | Correct | # Correct | # Total | Correct | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ID | Result | |||||
| (M/mL) | interpretation | interpretations | interpretations | (%) | (%) | |
| A | 8 | ≤ 15 M/mL | 59 | 61 | 96.7 | 88.8 - 99.1 |
| B | 63 | > 55 M/mL | 58 | 60 | 96.7 | 88.6 - 99.1 |
| C | 20 | 15 - 55 M/mL | 61 | 61 | 100.0 | 94.1 - 100 |
| D | 85 | > 55 M/mL | 59 | 61 | 96.7 | 88.8 - 99.1 |
| E | 47 | 15 - 55 M/mL | 59 | 61 | 96.7 | 88.8 - 99.1 |
| F | 13 | ≤ 15 M/mL | 60 | 60 | 100.0 | 94.0 - 100 |
| G | 70 | > 55 M/mL | 58 | 61 | 95.1 | 86.5 - 98.3 |
User interpratation by Prop result
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| Reference Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 15 M/mL | 15-55 M/mL | > 55 M/mL | ||
| Subject | ||||
| Interpretation | ≤ 15 M/mL | 119 | 0 | 3 |
| 15 – 55 M/mL | 1 | 120 | 4 | |
| > 55 M/mL | 1 | 2 | 175 |
User interpretation. 3x3 Contingency table
Accuracy of interpretation with respect to 55 M/mL
| Parameter | Value | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| PPA | 98.8% | 96.5 - 100% |
| NPA | 96.2% | 91.6 - 100% |
The study met all acceptance criteria. The data support that lay users are able to interpret the Trak results.
Interference Testing
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of potential interfering substances on Trak results. The study evaluated elevated concentrations of saliva, urine, blood, leukocytes, E. coli, C. albicans, C. trachomatis, N. perflava, testosterone, D-norgestrel, and B-estradiol as interfering substances in the Trak test. The pathological concentrations tested were derived from literature or WHO standards, where appropriate. Each concentration of interfering substance was spiked into semen containing approximately 10 M/mL sperm or 20 M/mL sperm, and tested alongside control semen where there was the absence of interfering substances. Each of these conditions was tested in 20 replicates on the Trak device alongside and evaluated against the 15 M/mL threshold, then immediately photographed in the presence of a calibrated ruler for quantitative analysis.
Each interfering substance was also spiked into semen samples of approximately 45 M/mL sperm or 65 M/mL sperm and tested alongside control semen in the absence of the interfering substances. Each of these conditions was tested in 10 replicates on the Trak device. photographed in the presence of a calibrated ruler, and evaluated against the 55 M/mL threshold.
Summary of Microbial Interference, including sum for each category and percent correct calls.
9
| ID # | CASA
Result
(M/mL) | # Trak
15 M/mL | | % Correct |
|------|--------------------------|---------------------|--------------------|-----------|-----------|
| | | | 15 - 55 M/mL | > 55 M/mL | |
| 1a | 10.03 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 2 | 9.43 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 3 | 9.55 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 4 | 9.23 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 5 | 10.75 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 6a | 19.50 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 95% |
| 7 | 20.13 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100% |
| 8 | 19.43 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100% |
| 9 | 19.48 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100% |
| 10 | 19.43 | 2 | 18 | 0 | 90% |
| 11a | 47.8 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100% |
| 12 | 46.2 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100% |
| 13 | 48.6 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100% |
| 14 | 47.0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100% |
| 15 | 48.4 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100% |
| 16a | 68.7 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100% |
| 17 | 67.3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 100% |
| 18 | 66.8 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100% |
| 19 | 63.9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 100% |
| 20 | 68.6 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100% |
| 1b | 10.9 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 6b | 20.2 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100% |
| 11b | 42.9 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100% |
| 16b | 63.6 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100% |
| 21 | 10.4 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 22 | 10.5 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 23 | 12.3 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 24 | 12.3 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| 25 | 19.6 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100% |
| 26 | 20.0 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 95% |
| 27 | 18.3 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100% |
| 28 | 18.3 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100% |
| 29 | 43.7 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 100% |
| 30 | 45.9 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 90% |
| 31 | 47.0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 100% |
| 32 | 47.0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100% |
| 33 | 63.1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100% |
| 34 | 63.1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100% |
| 35 | 61.9 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100% |
| 36 | 61.9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 100% |
Summary of Saliva Interference- including sum for each category and percent correct calls.
| ID # | CASA
Result
(M/mL) | # Trak
15 M/mL | | % Correct |
|------|--------------------------|--------------------|--------------------|-----------|-----------|
| | | | 15 – 55 M/mL | > 55 M/mL | |
| 1 | 10.4 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 2 | 10.1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 3 | 20.5 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 100 % |
| ব | 19.8 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 % |
| ર | 42.2 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 6 | 43.9 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 7 | 67.3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
| 8 | 63.7 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
Summary of Urine Interference data- including sum for each category and percent correct calls.
10
| ID # | CASA
Result
(M/mL) | # Trak
15 M/mL | | % Correct |
|------|--------------------------|--------------------|--------------------|-----------|-----------|
| | | | 15 - 55 (M/mL) | > 55 M/mL | |
| 1 | 10.1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 2 | 10.6 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 3 | 21.0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 % |
| 4 | 21.2 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 % |
| 5 | 43.8 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 6 | 41.0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 7 | 66.2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
| 8 | 61.1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
Summary of Leukocyte Interference-including averages for each condition, sum for each category, and percent correct calls.
| ID # | CASA Result (M/mL) | # Trak ≤15 M/mL | # Trak >15 M/mL | % Correct | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 – 55 M/mL | > 55 M/mL | ||||
| 1 | 10.6 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 2 | 10.8 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 3 | 11.0 | 9 | 11 | 0 | 45 % |
| 4 | 21.9 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 % |
| 5 | 21.7 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 % |
| 6 | 20.1 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 % |
| 7 | 43.9 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 8 | 41.0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 9 | 43.5 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 10 | 66.2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
| 11 | 63.0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
| 12 | 65.9 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
Summary of Blood Interference, including sum for each category and percent correct calls
| ID # | CASA
Result
(M/mL) | # Trak
15 M/mL | | % Correct |
|------|--------------------------|---------------------|--------------------|-----------|-----------|
| | | | 15 - 55 M/mL | > 55 M/mL | |
| 1 | 9.9 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 2 | 10.1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 3 | 10.3 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 4 | 20.1 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 % |
| 5 | 20.7 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 100 % |
| 6 | 20.7 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 % |
| 7 | 42.2 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 8 | 45.5 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 9 | 45.6 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 10 | 67.3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
| 11 | 64.4 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
| 12 | 66.9 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
| 13 | 8.7 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 % |
| 14 | 39.5 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 % |
| 15 | 10.0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
Summary of hormone interference, including sum for each category and percent correct
| calls. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ID # | CASA | ||||
| Result | |||||
| (M/mL) | # Trak | ||||
| 15 M/mL | % Correct | ||||
| 15 - 55 M/mL | > 55 M/mL | ||||
| 1 | $10.2 \pm 0.6$ | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| 2 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 | |
| 3 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 | |
| 4 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
11
| ID # | CASA
Result
(M/mL) | # Trak
≤15 M/mL | # Trak
15 M/mL | | % Correct |
|------|--------------------------|--------------------|--------------------|-----------|-----------|
| | | | 15 – 55 M/mL | > 55 M/mL | |
| 5 | | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 6 | 21.5 ± 0.5 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 7 | 21.5 ± 0.5 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 8 | 21.5 ± 0.5 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 9 | | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 |
| 10 | 43.5 ± 2.9 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 |
| 11 | 43.5 ± 2.9 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 |
| 12 | 43.5 ± 2.9 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 |
| 13 | | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 |
| 14 | 64.1 ± 2.0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 90 |
| 15 | 64.1 ± 2.0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 |
| 16 | 64.1 ± 2.0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 |
Bacteria associated with sexually transmitted diseases and elevated hormone levels were found to not interfere with Trak results at the relevant concentrations. Of the tested interferents, only 3 M/mL leukocytes and 1% whole blood failed acceptance criteria for any tested concentration. One percent (1%) whole blood produces an obvious red contamination of the pellet and can be addressed by appropriate labeling. A limitation will be added to the labeling stating that extremely high levels of leukocytes in the semen sample may produce falsely elevated results.
QC Material Precision
The objective of this study was to establish the precision of the Trak QC material. Two lots each of two formulations of OC material intended to give Trak results of approximately 17.5 M/mL (Control Solution A) and 7.5 M/mL (Control Solution B) were each tested in duplicate in two separate runs per day over 20 non-consecutive days.
| Describes percent correct calls for each QC formulation. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| QC Material | |||
| formulation | # above 15 | ||
| M/mL | # below 15 | ||
| M/mL | % correct calls | ||
| A | 160 | 0 | 100% |
| B | 0 | 160 | 100 % |
Summary of Results
Both formulations of the Trak OC material meet acceptance criteria, with 100% of results falling in the expected category. This data supports that the Trak OC material has adequate precision to meet the user's need for a consistent means of testing the reliability of the device and "practicing" the test.
Cleaning Robustness
The objective of this study was to assess whether the Trak Engine performs adequately after repeated cycles of cleaning and disinfection as would occur during end-use. Trak Props were tested in replicates of 10 with 4 different sperm concentrations intended to challenge the 15 M/mL threshold and 55 M/mL feature: approximately 10 M/mL, 20 M/mL, 45 M/mL and 65 M/mL. One set of Props was tested before cleaning and disinfection, and one set of Props was tested after 50 cycles of cleaning with soap and water and disinfection with Super Sani-Wipes, according to the proposed user instruction. Engine spin rates were checked against specifications before and after cleaning and disinfection.
12
Trak Results from Cleaning Study (4 levels, pre and post clearing)
| (4 levels, pre and post Clearing) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ID # 1 (10 M/mL pre- | |||
| cleaning) | ID # 2 (10 M/mL post- | ||
| cleaning) | ID # 3 (20 M/mL pre- | ||
| cleaning) | ID # 4 (20 M/mL post- | ||
| cleaning) | |||
| Trak category result | Trak category result | Trak category result | Trak category result |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ≤ 15M/mL | ≤ 15M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| ID # 5 (45 M/mL pre-
cleaning) | ID # 6 (45 M/mL post-
cleaning) | ID # 7 (65 M/mL pre-
cleaning) | ID # 8 (65 M/mL post-
cleaning) |
|-----------------------------------|------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| Trak | Trak | Trak | Trak |
| category | category | category | category |
| result | result | result | result |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
| > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL | > 15 M/mL |
Reference (CASA) Results for ID Samples 1-8
| ID # | Replicate results (M/mL) | Average ± SD (M/mL) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
| 1 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 9.6 ± 0.5 |
| 2 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 9.9 ± 0.2 |
| 3 | 20.5 | 21.5 | 21.5 | 20.1 | 20.9 ± 0.7 |
| 4 | 20.6 | 21.0 | 21.8 | 20.5 | 21.0 ± 0.6 |
| 5 | 45.0 | 45.8 | 45.3 | 48.0 | 46.0 ± 1.4 |
| 6 | 39.5 | 42.8 | 42.4 | 43.2 | 42.0 ± 1.7 |
| 7 | 66.2 | 65.4 | 58.7 | 64.6 | 63.7 ± 3.4 |
| 8 | 67.2 | 58.8 | 64.9 | 63.2 | 63.5 ± 3.6 |
The following data illustrate the measured spin rates for each Engine used in this study, before and after 50 cleaning cycles. Heavy cleaning had little effect on Engine spin rate.
| Engine | Pre/Post Clean | Replicate RPM | Average RPM ± SD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43 | Pre | 7448 | 7371 | 7373 | 7262 | 7360 ± 67 |
| Post | 7107 | 7239 | 7301 | 7378 | 7278 ± 111 | |
| 57 | Pre | 7664 | 7549 | 7642 | 7577 | 7592 ± 58 |
| Post | 7537 | 7564 | 7594 | 7522 | 7538 ± 46 | |
| 61 | Pre | 7508 | 7514 | 7479 | 7428 | 7456 ± 68 |
| Post | 7251 | 7280 | 7326 | 7296 | 7289 ± 27 | |
| 64 | Pre | 7046 | 7578 | 7697 | 7663 | 7517 ± 268 |
| Post | 7457 | 7576 | 7506 | 7601 | 7531 ± 58 | |
| 94 | Pre | 6958 | 6900 | 6834 | 6788 | 6847 ± 83 |
| Post | 6880 | 6940 | 6940 | 6957 | 6935 ± 32 |
13
| ID # | CASA
Result
(M/mL) | #Trak Results
15 M/mL | | % Correct |
|------|--------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------|------|-----------|
| | | | 15-55 | > 55 | |
| 1 | 9.6 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 2 | 9.9 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 100 % |
| 3 | 20.9 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 4 | 21.0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 100 % |
| 5 | 46.0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 90 % |
| 6 | 42.0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 90 % |
| 7 | 63.7 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
| 8 | 63.5 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 % |
Summary of Results
The data support the resistance of the Trak Engine to the intended cleaning and disinfection protocol.
Prop Stability
Real time stability testing was performed. Three lots of Trak Props were packaged according to manufacturing procedures, then tested after specific time periods had elapsed. At the end of each time period (time point), 20 Props each were tested with concentrations of approximately 10 M/mL and 20 M/mL and visually evaluated against the 15 M/mL threshold. At least 90% of test results at each sperm concentration were required to fall in the correct category. At each time point, one Prop from each lot was tested on cell-free seminal plasma as a control. All samples were freshly prepared from pooled and diluted semen samples at each test time point. In order to validate the freshly composed samples, 5 replicates from each of the 10 M/mL and 20 M/mL samples were tested on Props assembled within 30 days of the tested time point.
Stability data meeting acceptance criteria were obtained for one time point beyond the claimed expiry date for the Trak Props.
QC Material Stability
The "Moderate" formulation of the QC material that is designed to show a result just above the 15 M/mL mark was evaluated for stability. Two lots of the "Moderate" formulation of the QC material were packaged according to manufacturing procedures, then tested after specific time periods had elapsed. At the end of each time period (time point), 10 replicates of the control were tested on Trak Props and visually evaluated against the 15 M/mL threshold. At least 90% of test results were required to fall in the correct category.
Stability data meeting acceptance criteria were obtained for one time point beyond the claimed expiry date for the Trak QC material.
807.92 (b)(2): Brief Description of Clinical Data
The objective of the study was to demonstrate the accuracy of the Trak system in the hands of the intended users. The study was a cross-sectional, multi-site investigation conducted at three clinical sites in the United States. Male subjects providing and testing semen specimens were either presumptively healthy (by self-report), a partner in a couple having difficulty conceiving. diagnosed with male factor infertility, post-vasectomy patients, or post-vasectomy reversal patients. Additionally, "tester" lay-persons were recruited to test semen specimens provided by a subset of subjects.
14
Following collection of the specimen sample by the study subject, either the study subject or the tester analyzed the sample by Trak using only the Trak instructional booklet provided in the kit. After recording their result, a health-care professional (HCP) employed at the study site observed the Prop and recorded their own interpretation of the subject/tester results, and then performed their own Trak test using a saved aliquot of the original semen specimen provided by the subject. The HCP then recorded the result of their test. Lay readers were asked to interpret each result into one of three categories: ≤ 15 M/mL, 15-55 M/mL, or > 55 M/mL according to the product instructions. Prior to completing the study, all subjects providing and testing their semen specimens, and the testers, completed a Tester Questionnaire of their subjective perspectives of the ease of performing the Trak procedure, including interpretation of results.
In parallel to Trak testing, an HCP technician employed at the site analyzed an additional aliquot of the original semen specimen on a Computer Aided Semen Analysis (CASA, Hamilton-Thorne CEROS™ Computer Aided Semen Analysis system) instrument and recorded their results in M/mL. Study subjects, testers, and reference method operators were blinded to the test results from the other testers during the clinic visit.
The descriptive demographic statistics for the subjects providing semen specimens for analysis (n = 239) were as follows. Subjects were 33.9 years on average (range 20.0 - 49.0), with a high prevalence of Caucasians (51.9%) with some college education (33.1%). The demographic distributions for the testers who tested samples provided by the subjects were as follows. Testers were 31.8 years on average (range 24.0 - 45.0), completely of female gender, with a high prevalence of Caucasians (63.6%) with some college education (45.5%).
Analysis of performance
The figure below presents the results of the 3 x 3 contingency table comparing Trak results from the subject/tester to the CASA reference method using data across all three study sites (N=239). This is followed by the calculated point estimates and Wilson Score 95% CIs for conditional probability of a correct Trak result for each result category (≤ 15 M/mL, 15-55 M/mL, or > 55 M/mL) across all sites.
The results indicate conditional probability of 93.3% (84.1-97.4%) for results categorized as ≤ 15 M/mL, 82.4% (73.3-88.9%) for results categorized as 15-55 M/mL, and 95.5% (88.9-98.2%) for results categorized as >55 M/mL when utilizing results across all three study sites.
| 3 x 3 contingency table for agreement between Subject/Tester Trak results vs. CASA all | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| study sites (N=239) |
| ≤ 15 M/mL | 15-55 M/mL | > 55 M/mL | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | ||||
| Interpretation | ≤ 15 M/mL | 56 | 8 | 1 |
| 15 – 55 M/mL | 4 | 75 | 3 | |
| > 55 M/mL | 0 | 8 | 84 |
15
Summary of performance parameters - Subject/tester Trak results vs. CASA across all study sites (N=239)
| Category | Conditional
probability | 95% CI |
|--------------|----------------------------|--------------|
| ≤ 15 M/mL | 93.3% | 84.1 - 97.4% |
| 15 – 55 M/mL | 82.4% | 73.3 - 88.9% |
| > 55 M/mL | 95.5% | 88.9 - 98.2% |
Tester Questionnaire results
Subjects providing semen specimens and testing their specimens, as well as testers analyzing provided semen specimens, completed a Tester Questionnaire. The Questionnaire incorporated 11 multiple choice questions targeted to capture the subject's or testers' subjective perceptions of ease of use of the Trak device, including interpretation of results. Eight (8) of the questions were designed as statements regarding ease of use followed by a 5-point Likert Scale from which the subject/tester chose from responses of very easy, somewhat easy, neutral, somewhat difficult, or difficult. The remaining three questions dealt with yes/no responses to statements regarding interpretation of result. Results generally demonstrate ease of use of the Trak test from the subject/tester's perspective, with only the occasional "somewhat difficult" or "difficult" response. Additionally, a majority (98.7%) of testers concluded that they performed the steps correctly and got a correct result.
CONCLUSIONS
Sandstone Diagnostics, Inc. has performed a multi-site, cross-sectional clinical study of a suitable sample size to investigate and determine the substantial equivalence of their device to a recognized reference method of sperm cell concentration via an FDA-cleared CASA system. Observed conditional probability of a correct Trak result was 93.3% (84.1-97.4%) for results categorized as ≤ 15 M/mL, 82.4% (73.3-88.9%) for results categorized as 15-55 M/mL, and 95.5% (88.9-98.2%) for results categorized as >55 M/mL. These outcomes provide evidence supporting the accuracy of the Trak test when used by lay testers, including subjects providing semen specimens and testers, both of whom represent the population of intended use.
Subjects and testers also generally felt the Trak test was easy to use in terms of procedure and interpretation of results. In summary, the study demonstrated substantial equivalence of the Trak system in comparison to the reference method and its safe use in the hands of the intended use population.