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High-speed air turbine handpiece is intended for removing carious material, excess filling material, cavity and crown preparation, finishing tooth preparations and restorations, root canal preparations and polishing teeth.

High-speed Turbine Air Handpiece is an instrument for drilling, grinding, repairing utilized in dental clinics. It composed of a head, a handle and a connector.

The subject device is intended to be used for dental professional use only.

Lubricant should be used during routine maintenance (e.g. after each patient use and prior to sterilization). The user must buy and use specified lubricant type "PANA SPRAY Plus" manufactured by NAKANISHI INC (cleared in K163483).

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Dental air motor handpiece is intended for removing carious material, excess filling material, cavity and crown preparation, finishing tooth preparations and restorations, root canal preparations and polishing teeth.

Dental air motor handpiece is an instrument for drilling, grinding, repairing teeth that is utilized in dental clinics. It composed of handpiece and a connector, including low speed air motor, straight handpiece and geared angle handpiece. The subject device consists of 11 model variations:TM-203B2, TM-203M4, TM-205B2, TM-205M4, TM-IS, TM-ES, TM-SG20, TM-X25, TM-BB, TM-IC, TM-RA41. The device description of Dental air motor handpiece is as follows:

The gear ratios of handpieces have various gear ratios (for different geared angle handpiece);

Handpiece and adaptors can bear steam

The gear ratios of handpieces have a various gear ratio (for different geared angle handpiece) (1:1 (constant), 20:1 (speed reduction) and 4:1 (speed reduction));

The handpieces have maximum Forward rotation speed 24000rpm and maximum Reverse rotation speed of 24000 rpm.

The air motors are capable of running up to a speed of 24000 rpm, but can vary at different pressure of air supply.

Coupling is the accessory for handpiece to connect with tubes of dental unit. It could be divided into two types. It included 2-hole (drive air and water holes) and 4-hole coupling (drive air, exhaust air, spray air and spray water holes). The use of the coupling of handpiece is due to the number of tubes of dental unit.

The subject device is intended to be used for dental professional use only.

In order to avoid the risk, user must buy and use specified lubricant type "PANA SPRAY Plus" manufactured by NAKANISHI INC (cleared in K163483).

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The Star E900 Electric System is intended for use by dental professionals in the performance of dental restoration, prophylaxis and endodontic procedures.

The Star E900 Electric System is comprised of a power supply, control unit, cable and brushless micromotor. The control unit controls the torque, speed and directional rotation of the motor. The system is programmed through the use of a color touch screen on the control unit. The motor has a rotational speed of 100-40,000 rpm's and can be operated in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The system also provides variable light intensity to the handpiece.

The system has two different operating modes, preparation mode for dental restorations and prophylaxis procedures and endodontic mode for endodontic procedures. Within each mode there are 10 different profile settings that can be customized by the user. Each profile can be customized for the gear ratio, speed, direction of rotation, light and for the endodontic mode, the torque can also be customized.

The motor incorporates RFID (radio frequency identification) technology. This passive RFID tag does not have a built-in energy source. The RFID tag allows the practitioner to track the device within the office only if the practitioner has a separate reader. The RFID reader allows the practitioner to track such things as usage and maintenance.

The control unit is programmed to detect a rise in the temperature of the handpiece, if the handpiece is equipped with a thermal sensor, in order to reduce the risk of patient injury. It will also detect if there is an overcurrent condition in the motor which could cause damage to the system.

The Star E900 Electric System is available in two different models. One model is a tabletop stand-alone unit and the other model can be integrated into a dental delivery unit.

The Star E900 Electric System uses a cellular connection to connect with the cloud. Through this connection, the system transmits data concerning the operation of the system. There is no patient information transmitted or stored on the cloud. The system cannot be operated through the cellular connection. System updates are transmitted as needed through this connection. The user has the option of accessing a web application that will allow the user to see the functions of the system.

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The VarioSurg 4 is intended for bone cutting in oral surgery, scaling and root planing, and retrograde preparation of root canals.

VarioSurg 4 consists of the control unit, the foot control, the ultrasonic handpiece, and accessories. The control unit generates an ultrasonic electrical signal and is used to control functions such as power output, irrigation flow, and operation mode. The foot control allows for "hands-free" control of the irrigation flow, program selection, and turning the ultrasound on/off. The ultrasonic handpiece (VS4-LED-HPSC) incorporates a piezoelectric transducer that converts the electrical signal into mechanical vibrations and is also equipped with LED illumination.

VarioSurg 4 is intended for use in dental periodontal therapy and dental oral surgery for procedures such as bone cutting, root canal preparation, and the removal of deposits from teeth. The device is designed to be used with the ultrasonic handpiece, which drives various tips vibrating at an ultrasonic frequency to perform cutting, removal, and incision of hard and soft tissues within the oral cavity.

A feature of this product is its Bluetooth connectivity with the foot control and its ability to connect to the Surgic Pro2 (K233117) system. When connected, a single foot control can operate both systems. The product is supplied non-sterile. The handpiece and tips are to be cleaned and sterilized at a medical facility before use and are intended for repeated use.

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Alpha Endo Handpiece is a cordless motor handpiece with torque control used for driving files in both reciprocating and rotation mode during the preparation stage of root canal therapy.

The Alpha Endo Handpiece is a medical electrical device that provides the driving force required for surgical instruments used in root canal surgery to enlarge and shape the root canal during root canal surgery. The Alpha Endo Handpiece mainly uses a variable speed gear plate to turn the high speed of the motor into the low speed required for root canal preparation surgery, while obtaining a larger cutting torque, and then further increases or reduces the speed and torque within this range through the speed regulating circuit, making root canal preparation efficient and safe. Speed and maximum torque are selectable and are always controlled by a torque sensor with an automatic protection mode to prevent the file needle from breaking.

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The InnerView System is intended to precisely measure the damping characteristics of the periodontium and its associated fixed structures (teeth and/or implants). It can provide data to quantify tooth and/or dental implant mobility by producing two distinct outputs. InnerView's Mobility quantifies the external tooth and/or implant mobility. InnerView's NFE quantifies the internal mobility within the tooth and/or implant structure.

The InnerView System is an electromagnetically driven percussion system designed for dental professionals to collect percussion data of intraoral sites such as teeth and/or dental implants. The device utilizes non-destructive quantitative percussion diagnostics (QPD), a mechanics-based methodology to measure the damping capacity of a tooth and implant by applying light percussion to its buccal surface.

The InnerView System consists of a wireless handheld handpiece, a base station, single-use disposable tips, and software. A USB cable connects the base station to the user's PC. The handpiece and base station are automatically paired when the handpiece is placed in the base station. The base station also functions as a charger for the handpiece when docked. A fresh disposable tip must be attached to the handpiece before each new procedure and replaced after each patient use.

The percussion response captured by the handpiece is wirelessly transmitted to the base station, then forwarded to the PC via USB, and subsequently to the Cloud-based software for analysis and calculations. The percussion data is captured in an energy response graph (ERG), which depicts the mechanical response of the intraoral site as a function of time. InnerView proprietary software algorithms analyze the ERG data and, through the user interface, display two independent outputs: Mobility, which quantifies external mobility of the tooth or implant, and NFE, which quantifies internal mobility within the tooth or implant structure.

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Disposable Prophy Angle is intended to be attached to a low speed dental handpiece and used by professional dentists and dental hygienists for polishing and cleaning the surface of teeth. It is intended for single use, and should be discarded after each patient.

Disposable Prophy Angle is a dental rotational device that consists of a prophy cup, a plastic body, a gear and a shaft with gear, which connects to a low-speed dental handpiece. The gear has the prophy cup attached to the end which holds dental tooth polishing paste. Prophy Angle is held in a dental handpiece by a shaft, which rotates the device's gear at speed as the polishing/ cleaning paste is applied to the surface of the teeth.

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The Midwest Motor Control Module includes a control unit, ports for three motors, an apex location port, and a peristaltic pump port. The motor ports are compatible with the Midwest Power Lux and Midwest Power Lux Implant.

The Midwest Power Lux electric micromotor is intended for use as a drive for rotating and oscillating straight and contra-angle hand pieces for endodontic and general dental purposes.

The Midwest Power Lux Implant motor is intended for use in implant placement and includes a closed system for delivery of sterile solution via peristaltic pump operation.

The apex locator supports the dentist in the determination of the working length during the endodontic treatment.

These motors are to be driven by the control unit. The control unit is an internal component of a dental delivery system.

The use of this product is intended exclusively for duly qualified dental practitioners.

This device is a system that includes a control module (internal component of a dental delivery system) that can operate up to three dental motors, an apex locator, and a peristaltic pump. The motors do not operate concurrently. The motors that can be attached include dental motors and dental implant motors. The motors included with this module in this subject system are the Midwest Power Lux and Midwest Power Lux Implant. Also included is the cable, file, and tip required for the operation of the apex location technology. The programming supports manual use of the apex locator as well as combined use of the locator with a motor. The included peristaltic pump and control allows for sterile solution irrigation when required.

The provided FDA 510(k) Clearance Letter for the "Motor and Apex Module (MaAM)" (K251811) does not contain information about acceptance criteria or a study that proves the device meets specific performance criteria related to the apex locator's accuracy or the motors' performance in a clinical setting.

The document primarily focuses on regulatory approval, substantial equivalence to predicate devices, and general safety and performance testing. While it mentions the device supports "determination of the working length during the endodontic treatment" (for the apex locator) and drives "rotating and oscillating straight and contra-angle hand pieces for endodontic and general dental purposes" (for the motors), it does not provide the specific performance metrics (e.g., accuracy, precision, torque output, speed stability) for these functions, nor the studies that verified them.

The "Non-Clinical and/or Clinical Tests Summary & Conclusions" section explicitly states: "Not applicable (no clinical data necessary)." This indicates that the FDA clearance was based on non-clinical testing, primarily focused on safety, electrical compatibility, and adherence to established industry standards (ISO 14457 for dental motors, IEC 62471 for photobiological safety, and ISO 3964 for dental coupling dimensions).

Therefore, based solely on the provided document, I cannot generate the requested table and study details. The information about performance acceptance criteria, sample sizes, expert involvement, adjudication, MRMC studies, standalone performance, and ground truth establishment for clinical effectiveness is absent.

However, I can extract and present the information that is available in the document regarding testing:

Summary of Device Performance and Testing (Based on Available Information in K251811)

The provided 510(k) clearance letter for the Motor and Apex Module (MaAM) establishes substantial equivalence to predicate devices based on non-clinical testing. The document explicitly states "Not applicable (no clinical data necessary)", indicating that the clearance did not involve clinical studies assessing the device's functional performance in a patient setting, such as the accuracy of the apex locator or the clinical efficacy of the motors.

The testing highlighted in the document focuses on compliance with international standards and mechanical/electrical safety.

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

Given that clinical performance acceptance criteria and respective reported device performance data are not detailed in the provided document, the table below reflects the types of non-clinical testing mentioned and the general conclusion of meeting specifications.

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

• Sample Size: Not specified in the document. Testing was non-clinical (bench/laboratory).
• Data Provenance: Non-clinical (bench testing in a laboratory). Country of origin is not specified for the test data itself, but the applicant (Dentsply Sirona Inc.) is located in the United States. The testing was retrospective in the sense that it was conducted prior to the submission for clearance.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish Ground Truth and Qualifications

• Not applicable. The clearance was based on non-clinical, standard-driven testing. There was no clinical ground truth established by experts for performance assessment in a patient setting.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

• Not applicable. No clinical test set or subjective assessment requiring adjudication (like image interpretation) was mentioned.

5. Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study

• No MRMC study was done. The document explicitly states "Not applicable (no clinical data necessary)". Therefore, no effect size of human readers improving with AI vs. without AI assistance can be reported. The device is not an AI-assisted diagnostic tool in the sense of image interpretation.

6. Standalone Performance (Algorithm Only)

• Not applicable. The device is a physical medical device (motors, control module, apex locator) and not an algorithm or AI software for standalone performance evaluation in a diagnostic context. Its "performance" refers to its physical and electrical operation within specified limits, not its diagnostic accuracy.

7. Type of Ground Truth Used

• Not applicable, for clinical performance. For the non-clinical tests, the "ground truth" was established by the specifications defined in the referenced ISO and IEC standards (e.g., a motor must achieve a certain speed, a coupling must fit, light emission must be within safety limits). There was no "expert consensus, pathology, or outcomes data" ground truth as would be used for diagnostic accuracy studies.

8. Sample Size for the Training Set

• Not applicable. This device is hardware with embedded control software; it is not a machine learning or AI model that requires a training set in the typical sense of algorithm training on data.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

• Not applicable. As above, this device does not utilize a "training set" in a machine learning context.

In conclusion, the FDA 510(k) clearance for the MaAM (K251811) was granted based on non-clinical testing demonstrating conformance to relevant safety and performance standards for dental motors, photobiological safety, and dental coupling dimensions. The document explicitly states that no clinical data was necessary for this clearance, meaning functional performance (e.g., apex locator accuracy, motor clinical efficacy) in a patient setting was not assessed as part of this submission.

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EnDrive is a battery-operated electronic medical device used for the treatment of root pulp infection, which allows root canal preparation by means of continuously or alternately rotating endodontic instruments with torque control, or retreatment of an already treated tooth, with integrated apex locator.

EnDrive is a battery-operated electronic medical device used for the treatment of root pulp infection, which allows root canal preparation by means of continuously or alternately rotating endodontic instruments with torque control, or retreatment of an already treated tooth, with integrated apex locator. We can identify two different functional principles: one is the motor function which serves to shape the root canal the other is the apex locator function to determine the apex approach when the file is in the root canal. The motor function, when the file has a movement transmitted from the motor through the contra-angle, allows the proper shaping of a root canal with infected pulp through rotary or reciprocating movement, helping to remove debris and infected tissue from the canal.

The motor, controlled in speed and torque, uses brush less DC technology with 3 phases and 3 Hall sensors, driven by an embedded software. The apex locator function allows to determine when, during an endodontic treatment, the tip of an endodontic instrument, in steel or nickel-titanium, inserted by the dentist inside the root canal, is at the apex of the canal.

Two electrodes are applied to the patient, a lip clip on the lip and a file clamp to the endodontic instrument positioned inside the canal. When the device signals the apex has been reached, the dentist positions the instrument stopper on the dental crown and indirectly goes to measure the working length of the canal using a ruler for endodontic: instruments, so the length from which the dentist must remove the infected pulp.

The provided FDA 510(k) Clearance Letter for EnDrive (EnDriveUS) outlines the device's technical specifications and a summary of non-clinical tests conducted to demonstrate substantial equivalence to a predicate device. However, the document does not contain a detailed study proving the device meets specific acceptance criteria in the manner requested (i.e., a clinical study with a detailed test set, ground truth, expert adjudication, or MRMC study).

The document primarily focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence through bench testing of key performance characteristics and compliance with various standards.

Here's a breakdown of the information available and what is not disclosed in relation to your request:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

Based on the "Non-Clinical and/or Clinical Tests Summary & Conclusions" section (Page 7), here's the information that can be extracted:

Note: The "acceptance criteria" for EnDrive are largely implicitly defined by its substantial equivalence to the predicate device (Endo Motor, K220829). The document states that EnDrive's performance is either within or acceptably comparable to the predicate's ranges.

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

• Sample Size for Test Set: Not specified. The document mentions "bench test reports" but does not provide details on the number of samples, root canals, or measurements included in these tests for speed, torque, or apex locator accuracy.
• Data Provenance: Not explicitly stated as "country of origin." However, the applicant is "Advanced Technology Research (A.T.R.) s.r.l." located in Pistoia, Italy. The testing described appears to be a non-clinical, bench-top study rather than a human clinical trial, making "retrospective or prospective" less applicable in the typical sense. It implies prospective testing conducted on the device itself.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish Ground Truth and Qualifications

• Number of Experts: Not applicable/Not specified. For the bench tests described (motor speed, torque, apex locator accuracy), the "ground truth" would typically be established by calibrated measurement instruments, not human experts. Human experts are generally relevant for interpreting images, diagnosing conditions, or performing clinical assessments, none of which are described in the performance tests here.
• Qualifications of Experts: Not applicable.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

• Adjudication Method: Not applicable/Not specified. Adjudication methods like 2+1 or 3+1 are used in studies where multiple human readers assess data, and disagreements need to be resolved. Since the reported performance tests are bench-top measurements against instrument-derived "ground truth," such a method is not relevant.

5. Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study

• Was an MRMC study done? No. The document does not describe any study involving human readers assessing cases with or without AI assistance. The device is a "motorized handpiece with integrated apex locator," not an AI diagnostic/interpretive tool in the context of MRMC studies.
• Effect size of improvement with AI vs without AI assistance: Not applicable, as no MRMC study was conducted or described.

6. Standalone Performance Study (Algorithm only without Human-in-the-loop)

• Was a standalone study done? Yes, in essence. The "Non-Clinical and/or Clinical Tests Summary & Conclusions" section describes performance characteristics (motor speed, apex locator accuracy, torque) of the device itself, implying standalone performance. The device's "integrated apex locator" function is a component of the device's overall functionality, and its accuracy (±0.5mm) is reported as a standalone metric for that function.
  • However, it's crucial to distinguish this from AI/software-only standalone performance. This is about the electromechanical performance of the hardware and its integrated functions, not a purely software-based diagnostic algorithm.

7. Type of Ground Truth Used

• Type of Ground Truth: For the reported performance metrics (motor speed, torque, apex locator accuracy), the ground truth would be established by calibrated reference instruments or precise physical measurements. For example:
  • Motor Speed: A calibrated tachometer or speed sensor.
  • Torque: A calibrated torque sensor.
  • Apex Locator Accuracy: Physical measurement of root canal length (e.g., using a micrometer or precise ruler) in a controlled phantom/model alongside electronic readings.
  • General compliance with standards implies that the tests performed to meet those standards would use appropriately robust and validated ground truth methodologies.

8. Sample Size for the Training Set

• Sample Size for Training Set: Not specified/Not applicable in the AI/ML sense. The EnDrive is described as an electronic medical device with embedded software controlling motor functions and an apex locator. While "embedded software" runs the device, the document does not suggest the use of machine learning or AI models that would require a distinct "training set" in the context of typical AI/ML submissions to the FDA (e.g., for diagnostic image analysis). The software likely relies on algorithms and control logic rather than learned patterns from a training dataset.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

• How Ground Truth for Training Set Was Established: Not applicable/Not specified. As there's no mention of a machine learning "training set," there's no information on how its ground truth would be established. The device's functionality is based on established engineering principles for electromechanical control and impedance-based apex localization, not typically on a data-driven training paradigm requiring labeled ground truth in the way a diagnostic AI does.

In summary: The provided FDA clearance letter focuses on establishing substantial equivalence for a medical device (a dental handpiece with an integrated apex locator) primarily through bench testing against performance specifications and compliance with relevant industry standards. It does not detail a clinical study with elements like a human-adjudicated test set, MRMC comparisons, or specific AI/ML training data that your request implies. The performance claims are limited to the mechanical and electronic accuracy of the device's core functions.

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