This device is indicated to acquire and display cross sectional volumes of the whole the head, with the capability to image whole organs in a single rotation. Whole organs include but are not limited to brain, heart, pancreas, etc. The Aquilion ONE has the capability to provide volume sets of the entire organ. These volume sets can be used to perform specialized studies, using indicated software, of the whole organ by a trained and qualified physician.

FIRST is an iterative reconstruction algorithm intended to reduce exposure dose and improve high contrast spatial resolution for abdomen, pelvis, chest, cardiac, extremities and head applications.

AiCE is a noise reduction algorithm that improves image quality and reduces image noise by employing Deep Convolutional Network methods for abdomen, pelvis, lung, cardiac, brain, extremities, head, and inner ear applications.

Information regarding the material composition of various organs, tissues, and contrast materials may be gained from the differences in X-ray attenuation between these distinct energies. When used by a qualified physician, a potential application is to determine the course of treatment.

PIQE is a Deep Learning Reconstruction method designed to enhance spatial resolution. By incorporating noise reduction into the Deep Convolutional Network (DCNN), it is possible to achieve both spatial resolution improvement and noise reduction for cardiac, abdomen, and pelvis applications, in comparison to FBP and hybrid iterative reconstruction.

Device Description

Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIQE Reconstruction System is a whole body multi-sice helical CT scanner, consisting of a gantry, couch and a console used for data processing and display. This device captures cross sectional volume data sets used to perform specialized studies, using indicated software/hardware, by a trained and qualified physician. This system is based upon the technology and materials of previously marketed Canon CT systems.

Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIQE Reconstruction System is equipped with PIQE, a deep learning reconstruction technology designed to fully utilize the maximum resolution of the detector, intended to improve spatial resolution. Original image data is available to end users when PIQE images are used for diagnosis.

AI/ML Overview

The provided text describes the regulatory clearance of a medical device, the Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIQE Reconstruction System, and its performance evaluation. However, it does not explicitly detail a separate "acceptance criteria" table with specific thresholds or the complete results of a study designed solely to prove the device meets these criteria in a quantitative, acceptance-testing style format.

Instead, the document details "Performance Testing - Bench" and "Performance Testing - Clinical Images" that demonstrate the device's substantial equivalence to a predicate device and its overall image quality.

Here's an attempt to structure the information based on your request, inferring acceptance implied by demonstrating equivalence and diagnostic quality:

Acceptance Criteria and Performance Study for Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIQE Reconstruction System

The acceptance criteria for the Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIQE Reconstruction System are implicitly derived from its claim of substantial equivalence to the predicate device (Aquilion ONE (TSX-306A/3) V10.12 with Spectral Imaging System) and its ability to produce diagnostic quality images. The study supporting this involved a combination of phantom-based bench testing and clinical image reviews.

1. Table of Implied Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

Acceptance Criteria (Implied)	Reported Device Performance
General Image Quality	The subject device demonstrated equivalent or improved performance compared to the predicate device regarding: - Contrast-to-Noise Ratios - CT Number Accuracy - Uniformity - Slice Sensitivity Profile - Modulation Transfer Function - Standard Deviation of Noise Power Spectra - Low Contrast Detectability.
PIQE Performance	PIQE (Deep Learning Reconstruction method) is designed to enhance spatial resolution by incorporating noise reduction into the Deep Convolutional Network (DCNN). This achieves both spatial resolution improvement and noise reduction for cardiac, abdomen, and pelvis applications, in comparison to FBP (Filtered Back Projection) and hybrid iterative reconstruction. Its performance was evaluated as part of the overall "General Image Quality" assessment, contributing to the "equivalent or improved" statement.
SilverBeam Dose Reduction	A phantom study confirmed that DR-mode (with SilverBeam Filter) resulted in dose reduction in Head/Body modes compared to normal scan mode.
Low Contrast Detectability	A phantom study supported the following claims: - 2 mm (0.3% contrast) detectability at 15.3 mGy CTDIvol using AIDR3D. - 2 mm (0.3% contrast) detectability at 14.7 mGy CTDIvol using AiCE. - 3 mm (0.3% contrast) detectability at 5.7 mGy CTDIvol using AiCE.
Diagnostic Quality	Representative body, cardiac, chest, head, and extremity clinical images reviewed by American Board-Certified Radiologists confirmed that the reconstructed images using the subject device were of diagnostic quality.

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

Bench Testing (Phantom Studies): The document does not specify a numerical sample size (e.g., number of phantom scans) but indicates that various phantoms were used for comprehensive image quality assessments, low contrast detectability, and dose reduction studies. The provenance type is retrospective, as it involves controlled phantom experiments. The geographical provenance is not specified but implicitly linked to Canon Medical Systems' testing facilities.
Clinical Images: The document mentions "Representative body, cardiac, chest, head, and extremity diagnostic images." The exact number of clinical images or cases used for the review is not specified. The provenance is retrospective, as these were "obtained" and then reviewed. The country of origin for the clinical data is not explicitly stated.

3. Number of Experts Used and Their Qualifications

For the clinical image review:

Number of Experts: The document states "reviewed by American Board-Certified Radiologists." The exact number of radiologists involved is not specified.
Qualifications: "American Board-Certified Radiologists." No further details on years of experience are provided.

4. Adjudication Method

The document does not specify an adjudication method (e.g., 2+1, 3+1, none) for the clinical image review to establish ground truth or determine diagnostic quality. It only states that images were "reviewed" and "confirmed" to be of diagnostic quality.

5. Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study

An MRMC study was not explicitly detailed in the provided text as a an evaluation comparing human readers with AI assistance versus human readers without AI assistance. The clinical image review confirmed diagnostic quality of images produced by the device, but not the effect of AI assistance on human readers.

6. Standalone (Algorithm Only) Performance

The bench testing on phantoms and the evaluation of reconstruction algorithms (PIQE, AiCE, AIDR 3D) are indicative of standalone (algorithm only) performance regarding technical image quality metrics (CNR, MTF, noise, resolution, low contrast detectability). These tests were performed without human interaction for interpretation within the evaluation itself.

7. Type of Ground Truth Used

Bench Testing (Phantom Studies): The ground truth for metrics like CT Number Accuracy, Uniformity, and specific low contrast targets is inherent to the known physical properties of the phantoms used. This is a form of phantom-derived ground truth.
Clinical Images: The ground truth for "diagnostic quality" of clinical images was established by the consensus/judgment of American Board-Certified Radiologists. This is a form of expert consensus ground truth.

8. Sample Size for the Training Set

The document describes PIQE and AiCE as Deep Learning Reconstruction methods. Therefore, they would have been trained on large datasets. However, the sample size for the training set is not provided in this document.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

For the deep learning algorithms (PIQE and AiCE) used in the device, the method for establishing the ground truth for their training set is not described in the provided text. Typically, this would involve extensive curated datasets with expert annotations or high-quality reference images.

Summary

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April 2, 2024

Canon Medical Systems Corporation % Orlando Tadeo Jr Sr. Manager, Regulatory Affairs Canon Medical Systems, USA 2441 Michelle Drive TUSTIN, CA 92780

Re: K232835

Trade/Device Name: Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIOE Reconstruction System Regulation Number: 21 CFR 892.1750 Regulation Name: Computed Tomography X-Ray System Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: JAK Dated: February 27, 2024 Received: February 28, 2024

Dear Orlando Tadeo Jr:

We have reviewed your section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database available at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.

If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.

Additional information about changes that may require a new premarket notification are provided in the FDA guidance documents entitled "Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Change to an Existing Device" (https://www.fda.gov/media/99812/download) and "Deciding When to Submit a 510(k) for a Software Change to an Existing Device" (https://www.fda.gov/media/99785/download).

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Your device is also subject to, among other requirements, the Quality System (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820), which includes, but is not limited to, 21 CFR 820.30, Design controls; 21 CFR 820.90, Nonconforming product; and 21 CFR 820.100, Corrective and preventive action. Please note that regardless of whether a change requires premarket review, the QS regulation requires device manufacturers to review and approve changes to device design and production (21 CFR 820.30 and 21 CFR 820.70) and document changes and approvals in the device master record (21 CFR 820.181).

Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR Part 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR Part 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR Part 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR Parts 1000-1050.

Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.

For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).

Sincerely,

Lu Jiang

Lu Jiang, Ph.D. Assistant Director Diagnostic X-Ray Systems Team DHT8B: Division of Radiological Imaging Devices and Electronic Products OHT8: Office of Radiological Health Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological Health

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Indications for Use

510(k) Number (if known) K232835

Device Name

Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIQE Reconstruction System

Indications for Use (Describe)

FIRST is an iterative reconstruction algorithm intended to reduce exposure dose and improve high contrast spatial resolution for abdomen, pelvis, chest, cardiac, extremities and head applications.

Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)

Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)

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K232835

510(k) SUMMARY

SUBMITTER'S NAME: Fumiaki Teshima Senior Manager, Quality Assurance Department Canon Medical Systems Corporation 1385 Shimoishigami Otawara-Shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan 324-8550

1. ESTABLISHMENT REGISTRATION: 9614698

3. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENT/CONTACT PERSON:

Orlando Tadeo, Jr. Sr. Manager, Regulatory Affairs Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc 2441 Michelle Drive Tustin, CA 92780 (714) 669-7459

1. DATE PREPARED:
  September 13, 2023
1. TRADE NAME(S): Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIQE Reconstruction System

COMMON NAME: 6.

Computed Tomography X-ray System

7. DEVICE CLASSIFICATION:

a) Classification Name: Computed Tomography X-ray system b) Regulation Number: 21 CFR §892.1750 c) Regulatory Class: Class II

8. PRODUCT CODE:

JAK

9. PERFORMANCE STANDARD:

This device conforms to applicable Performance Standards for Ionizing Radiation Emitting Products [21 CFR, Subchapter J, Part 1020]

PHONE: 800-421-1968 2441 Michelle Drive, Tustin, CA 92780

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10. PREDICATE DEVICE:

Product	Marketed by	Regulation Number	Regulation Name	Product Code	510(k) Number	Clearance Date
Aquilion ONE (TSX-306A/3) V10.12 with Spectral Imaging System	Canon Medical Systems, USA	21 CFR §892.1750	Computed Tomography X-ray System	JAK: System, X-ray, Tomography, Computed	K213504	June 16, 2022

11. REASON FOR SUBMISSION:

New medical device

12. DEVICE DESCRIPTION:

13. INDICATIONS FOR USE:

This device is indicated to acquire and display cross sectional volumes of the whole body, to include the head, with the capability to image whole organs in a single rotation. Whole organs include but are not limited to brain, heart, pancreas, etc. The Aquilion ONE has the capability to provide volume sets of the entire organ. These volume sets can be used to perform specialized studies, using indicated software/hardware, of the whole organ by a trained and qualified physician.

FIRST is an iterative reconstruction algorithm intended to reduce exposure dose and improve high contrast spatial resolution for abdomen, pelvis, chest, cardiac, extremities and head applications.

AiCE is a noise reduction algorithm that improves image quality and reduces image noise by employing Deep Convolutional Network methods for abdomen, pelvis, lung, cardiac, extremities, head, and inner ear applications.

The spectral imaging system allows the system to acquire two nearly simultaneous CT images of an anatomical location using distinct tube voltages and/or tube currents by rapid KV switching. The Xray dose will be the sum of the dose at each respective tube voltage and current in a rotation. Information regarding the material composition of various organs, tissues, and contrast materials may be gained from the differences in X-ray attenuation between these distinct energies. When used by a qualified physician, a potential application is to determine the course of treatment.

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14. SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE:

The Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIQE Reconstruction System is substantially equivalent to Aquilion ONE (TSX-306A/3) V10.12 with Spectral Imaging System, which received premarket clearance under K213504, and is marketed by Canon Medical Systems USA. The intended use of the Aquilion ONE is the same as that of the predicate device. A comparison of the technological characteristics between the subject and the predicate device is included below.

	Subject Device	Predicate Device
Device Name,Model Number	Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4with PIQE Reconstruction System	Aquilion ONE (TSX-306A/3) V10.12with Spectral Imaging System
510(k) Number	This submission	K213504
PIQE ReconstructionSystem	Available	Available
■ Scan Regions	■ Cardiac, Abdomen and pelvis (Body)	■ Cardiac
■ Scan Type	■ Volume scan, Dynamic volume scan,Helical scan	■ Volume scan, Dynamic volume scan
■ Intensity	■ L1 / L2 / L3	■ MILD / STANDARD / STRONG
■ Reconstructionimage matrix	■ 512 x 512, 1024 x 1024	■ 512 x 512
■ Image thickness	■ 0.5 and 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm (Helical only)	■ 0.5 and 1.0 mm
■ ReconstructionInterval	■ 0.25 (With option installed), 0.5, 1.0,2.0 mm (Helical only)	■ 0.25 (With option installed) and 0.5 mm
Noise reductionprocessing	■ Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction 3D(AIDR 3D)■ AIDR 3D Enhanced■ Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine(AiCE)	■ Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction 3D(AIDR 3D)■ AIDR 3D Enhanced■ Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine(AiCE)
Scan modes	Conventional scan (Axial Scan)Volume, Dynamic volume, Dynamic scanHelical scan	Conventional scan (S&S, S&V)Volume, Dynamic volume scanHelical scan
Positioning Scan	Single, Dual,3D Landmark Scan	Single, Dual,S-Helical (3D Landmark Scan)
Anatomical LandmarkDetection	Available	Not Available
Scan (Rotation) time(Some may requireadditional options)	Half scan: (0.15, 0.18, 0.23)0.24, 0.275, 0.3, 0.32, 0.35, 0.375, 0.4,0.45, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 s	Half scan: (0.18, 0.23)0.275, 0.3, 0.32, 0.35, 0.375, 0.4, 0.45,0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 s
Gantry openingdiameter (aperture)	800 mm in diameter	780 mm in diameter
Wedge filter types	Three (3) types:Small, Large, SilverBeam Filter (Dosereduction wedge)	Three (3) types:Medium, Large, SilverBeam Filter (Dosereduction wedge)
Gantry internalcameras	Available	Not Available
Operating panel(Gantry monitor)	Operating panelTwo operating panels on the front	©Station
Couch Speed -Horizontal	0.8 - 450 mm/s	0.8 - 300 mm/s
Image display matrix	2428 x 1230 (max.)	1024 x 1024 (max.)

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15. SAFETY:

The device is designed and manufactured under the Quality System Regulations as outlined in 21 CFR § 820 and ISO 13485 Standards. This device is in conformance with the applicable parts of the following standards IEC60601-1, IEC60601-1-3, IEC60601-1-6, IEC60601-1-6, IEC60601-1-9, IEC60601-2-28, IEC60601-2-44, IEC60825-1, IEC62304, IEC62366-1, NEMA XR-26 and NEMA XR-29. Additionally, this device complies with all applicable requirements of the radiation safety performance standards, as outlined in 21 CFR §1010 and §1020.

This device conforms to applicable Performance Standards for lonizing Radiation Emitting Products [21 CFR, Subchapter J, Part 1020]

16. TESTING

Risk analysis and verification/validation activities conducted through bench testing demonstrate that the established specifications for the device have been met.

Performance Testing - Bench

Image Quality Evaluations

CT image quality assessments were performed, utilizing phantoms, to evaluate the general Image Quality, SilverBeam, AiCE, Spectral Reconstruction and PIQE performance of TSX-308A (Aquilion ONE) system relative to the predicate device, TSX-306A (Aquilion Prism) with regard to Contrast-to-Noise Ratios, CT Number Accuracy, Uniformity, Slice Sensitivity Profile, Modulation Transfer Function, Standard Deviation of Noise Power Spectra, Low Contrast Detectability. It was concluded that the subject device demonstrated equivalent or improved performance, compared to the predicate device, as demonstrated by the results of the above testing.

SilverBeam Dose Reduction

A phantom study was conducted which compared dose in Head/Body modes between normal scan mode and in DR-mode (with SilverBeam Filter) and it was determined that DR-mode resulted in dose reduction.

Low Contrast Detectability

A phantom study was conducted to measure low contrast detectability at 0.3%/2 mm and 0.3%/3 mm using AIDR 3D and AiCE. In this study the low contrast module of the CATPHAN 600 phantom was scanned and an image read was conducted for the 2mm and 3mm objects in order to calculate the minimum mA at which the low contrast object can be identified. Study results support the following claims of low contrast detectability:

2 mm at 0.3%,15.3 mGy CTDIvol, using AIDR3D 2 mm at 0.3%, 14.7mGy CTDIvol, using AiCE 3 mm at 0.3%, 5.7mGy CTDIvol, using AiCE

Performance Testing – Clinical Images

Representative body, cardiac, chest, head, and extremity diagnostic images, reviewed by American Board-Certified Radiologists, were obtained using the subject device and it was confirmed that the reconstructed images using the subject device were of diagnostic quality.

A summary of the risk analysis and verification/validation testing conducted through bench testing is included in this submission which demonstrates that the requirements for the system have been met.

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Software Documentation for a Basic Documentation Level, per the FDA guidance document, "Content of Premarket Submissions for Device Software Functions" issued on June 14, 2023, is included in this submission. This documentation includes justification for the Basic Documentation Level determination as well as testing which demonstrates that the verification and validation requirements have been met.

Cybersecurity documentation, per the FDA cybersecurity premarket guidance document "Cybersecurity in Medical Devices: Quality System Considerations and Content of Premarket Submissions" issued on September 27, 2023, is also included as part of this submission.

17. CONCLUSION

The Aquilion ONE (TSX-308A/3) V1.4 with PIQE Reconstruction System performs in a manner similar to and is intended for the same use as the predicate device, as indicated in product labeling. Based upon this information, conformance to standards, successful completion of software validation, application of risk management and design controls and the performance data presented in this submission it is concluded that the subject device has demonstrated substantial equivalence to the predicate device and is safe and effective for its intended use.

Regulation Number and Section

§ 892.1750 Computed tomography x-ray system.

(a)
Identification. A computed tomography x-ray system is a diagnostic x-ray system intended to produce cross-sectional images of the body by computer reconstruction of x-ray transmission data from the same axial plane taken at different angles. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.(b)
Classification. Class II.