The infrared forehead Thermometer DPT-IFT100 is a non-contact thermometer intended for the intermittent measurement of human body temperature from forehead for people of one month old and above. The device is reusable for home use and clinical use.

Device Description

The infrared forehead thermometer, Model DPT-IFT100, is an electronic thermometer using an infrared temperature sensor to measure infrared energy radiated from the forehead. This energy is collected through the infrared temperature sensor convert to a voltage signal. The signal is measured by the main microcontroller, calculated by the internal algorithm, finally converted into a digital temperature value to display on the LCD.

The design consists of a lens to focus the infrared thermal radiation on to a detector, which converts the radiant power to an electrical signal displayed in units of temperature after being compensated for ambient temperature. This permits temperature measurement from a 3~5 cm distance without contact with the object to be measured.

The Infrared forehead thermometer, Model DPT-IFT100, consists of the following parts:
a) Thermopile Sensor
b) Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
c) Housing
d) LCD and Backlight
e) 1 button (Power on/Power off/Measurement)
f) Alkaline batteries; size AAA, 2 x 1.5 V
g) LCD cover

AI/ML Overview

This document (K202420) is a 510(k) summary for the Conmo Electronic Company Limited's Infrared Forehead Thermometer, Model DPT-IFT100. It details the device's characteristics, comparison to a predicate device, and the testing conducted to demonstrate substantial equivalence.

Here's an analysis of the acceptance criteria and the study proving the device meets them, based on the provided text:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

The acceptance criteria for the Infrared Forehead Thermometer DPT-IFT100 are primarily defined by adherence to recognized performance standards and demonstrated substantial equivalence to a predicate device. The performance data presented focuses on accuracy and the clinical study results.

Acceptance Criterion (Standard)	Reported Device Performance
Accuracy (Laboratory)
±0.2°C : 35.0°C ~ 42.0°C	Achieved: Matches predicate device's specified accuracy.
±0.3°C : 34.0°C ~ 34.9°C , 42.1°C ~ 43°C	Achieved: Matches predicate device's specified accuracy.
±0.4°F: 95°F ~ 107.6°F	Achieved: Matches predicate device's specified accuracy.
±0.5°F: 93.2°F ~ 94.8°F, 107.8°F ~ 109.4°F	Achieved: Matches predicate device's specified accuracy.
Accuracy (Clinical Repeatability)
Meets acceptance criteria of clinical study protocol (implied from statement)	Reported: 0.1°C. The test report demonstrated that the clinical data, represented by clinical bias and clinical repeatability met the acceptance criteria of the clinical study protocol. (Specific numerical acceptance criterion not explicitly stated, but conformance is affirmed).
Compliance with Performance Standards
ASTM E1965-98 (Reapproved 2016)	Clinical study conducted according to this standard. Subject device "passed all test criteria" for this standard. Conforms.
ISO 80601-2-56 (2nd Edition 2017-03, and Amendment 1 2018)	Clinical study demonstrates clinical accuracy requirements of this standard within the distance range. Subject device "passed all test criteria" for this standard. Conforms.
Compliance with Safety and EMC Standards
AAMI/ANSI ES60601-1:2005/(R)2012 and A1:2012, C1:2009/(R)2012 and A2:2010/(R)2012	Testing performed to verify basic safety and essential performance. Subject device conforms.
IEC 60601-1-2:2014	Testing performed to verify basic safety and essential performance. Subject device conforms.
IEC 60601-1-11 Edition 2.0 2015-01	Testing performed to verify basic safety and essential performance. Subject device conforms to this standard for home healthcare environment.
Biocompatibility (ISO 10993-1: 2009 & sub-parts)	Testing performed to demonstrate compliance for cytotoxicity, skin irritation, and sensitization. "Test results confirm compliance with the requirements of the standards."
Software Verification and Validation	Software documentation was provided following FDA Guidance: Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices for software with a moderate level of concern. (Implied acceptance by FDA clearance).
Cleaning Validation	Device checked for performance following cleaning and "met all performance requirements."

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

Sample Size: 150 subjects.
- Breakdown: 50 infants (newborn to one year), 50 children (greater than one to five years), and 50 adults (greater than five years old).
Data Provenance: Not explicitly stated regarding country of origin. The study was conducted for a device manufactured by Conmo Electronic Company Limited, based in Guangxi Province, China, and submitted through a US Agent in Arizona. Clinical studies are typically conducted where the product is intended for market or where clinical trial infrastructure exists. The document does not specify if it was retrospective or prospective, but clinical studies for regulatory submissions are generally prospective.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and Qualifications of those Experts

This document describes a clinical study for a medical device (thermometer) where the "ground truth" is the actual body temperature measurements. This is a direct measurement, not a subjective interpretation requiring multiple experts. The document does not mention the use of experts to establish a "ground truth" in the way one would for an AI-powered diagnostic image analysis system. The ground truth for temperature measurement would be established by the reference temperature measurement method used in the clinical setting, typically a calibrated device.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

Not applicable. As described above, this is a temperature measurement device, not an interpretative diagnostic device requiring adjudication of expert opinions.

5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study was Done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

Not applicable. This is a standalone medical device (thermometer) and not an AI-assisted diagnostic tool that involves human readers.

6. If a Standalone (i.e., algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was Done

Yes, implicitly. The performance of the Infrared Forehead Thermometer DPT-IFT100 is its standalone measurement accuracy, clinical bias, and clinical repeatability. The device operates independently to measure temperature. The "algorithm" mentioned (CM3.1 Algorithm) is internal to the device for processing the infrared signal into a temperature reading. The clinical study directly assesses this standalone performance against accepted standards.

7. The Type of Ground Truth Used

The ground truth used for the clinical study was the actual body temperature, presumably measured by a reference thermometer, against which the DPT-IFT100's readings were compared to determine clinical bias and repeatability. This is akin to outcomes data or a highly accurate reference standard measurement. The study report stated: "The test report demonstrated that the clinical data, represented by clinical bias and clinical repeatability met the acceptance criteria of the clinical study protocol."

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

Not applicable. This device is a traditional electronic thermometer, not an AI/machine learning device that requires a separate training set. The "algorithm" (CM3.1) refers to its internal firmware/logic for temperature calculation, not a learned model from a dataset.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set was Established

Not applicable, as there is no training set mentioned for this type of device. The device's internal algorithm (CM3.1) is a fixed computational process, not an AI model that learns from a training set.

Summary

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Conmo Electronic Company Limited % Charles Mack Principal Engineer Irc 2950 E Lindrick Drive Chandler, Arizona 85249

Re: K202420

Trade/Device Name: Infrared Forehead Thermometer Regulation Number: 21 CFR 880.2910 Regulation Name: Clinical Electronic Thermometer Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: FLL Dated: January 18, 2021 Received: January 26, 2021

Dear Charles Mack:

We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.

If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.

Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's

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requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (OS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.

Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.

For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).

Sincerely,

for Payal Patel Assistant Director DHT3C: Division of Drug Delivery and General Hospital Devices, and Human Factors OHT3: Office of GastroRenal, ObGyn, General Hospital and Urology Devices Office of Product Evaluation and Ouality Center for Devices and Radiological Health

Enclosure

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Indications for Use

510(k) Number (if known)

Device Name

Infrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100

Indications for Use (Describe)

Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
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Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)

|X | Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)

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K202420 510(k) Summary

This summary of 510(k) safety and effectiveness information is being submitted in accordance with the requirements of 21 CFR Part 807.92.

Date: February 25, 2021

1. Company and Correspondent submitting:
  Name - Conmo Electronic Company Limited Address - Suiyi Town, Xincheng County, Laibin City Guangxi Province, China 546100 Tel: 86-755-28397469 Fax: 86-755-82922769 Contact - Ms. Ying Qi General Manager Email: aliceqy@vip.163.com, aliceqy@163.com FDA Establishment Registration No.: 3010968402

Designated Submission Correspondent and US Agent: IRC USA 2950 E Lindrick Dr., Chandler, Arizona 85249, USA Mr. Charles Mack Principal Engineer Tel: 931-6254938 Email: charliemack@irc-us.com

2. Device :

Trade/proprietary name Infrared Forehead Thermometer, Model DPT-IFT100 Common Name Clinical Electronic Thermometer Regulation Name Clinical Electronic Thermometer Classification Number 21 CFR 880.2910 Product Code FLL Regulatory Class Class II Device Panel General Hospital

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1. Predicate Device:

Manufacturer	Predicate Device	510(k) Number
MicrolifeIntellectualProperty GmbH	Microlife Non-Contact InfraredForehead Thermometer,Model FR1DG1 (NC200)	K191829

Device Description:

The Infrared forehead thermometer, Model DPT-IFT100, consists of the following parts:

a) Thermopile Sensor
b) Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
c) Housing
d) LCD and Backlight
e) 1 button (Power on/Power off/Measurement)
f) Alkaline batteries; size AAA, 2 x 1.5 V
g) LCD cover

Indications for use:

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1. Comparison with the predicate device:
  Conmo Electronic Company Limited believes that the Infrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100 is substantially equivalent to the (K191829) Microlife Non-Contact Infrared Forehead Thermometer (Microlife Intellectual Property GmbH).

		Predicate DeviceMicrolife Non-Contact InfraredForehead Thermometer, ModelFR1DG1(NC200) (K191829)
Characteristics	Subject DeviceInfrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100 (K202420)		Remark
Manufacturer	CONMO ELECTRONIC COMPANYLIMITED	Microlife Intellectual Property GmbH,Switzerland	-
Indication for Use	The infrared forehead ThermometerDPT-IFT100 is a non-contactthermometer intended for the intermittentmeasurement of human bodytemperature from forehead for people ofone month old and above. The device isreusable for home use and clinical use.	The Microlife Non-Contact InfraredThermometer, Model FR1DG1(NC200) isintended for the intermittentmeasurement and monitoring of humanbody temperature. The device isindicated for use by people of all ages inthe home.	Note 1
MeasurementMethod	Infrared radiation detection	Infrared radiation detection	Identical
Measurementrange	34.0°C to 43.0°C (93.2°F to 109.4°F)	34.0°C to 43.0°C (93.2°F to 109.4°F)	Identical
Accuracy(Laboratory)	±0.2°C : 35.0°C ~ 42.0°C±0.3°C : 34.0°C ~ 34.9°C , 42.1°C ~ 43°C±0.4°F: 95°F ~ 107.6°F±0.5°F: 93.2°F ~ 94.8°F, 107.8°F ~109.4°F	±0.2°C : 35.0°C ~ 42.0°C±0.3°C : 34.0°C ~ 34.9°C , 42.1°C ~ 43°C±0.4°F: 95°F ~ 107.6°F±0.5°F: 93.2°F ~ 94.8°F, 107.8°F ~109.4°F	Identical
Accuracy(clinicrepeatability)	0.1°C	Unknown	Note 2
TemperatureMeasurementdistance	3~5cm	Appropriate within 5cm	Note 3
Measurement site	Forehead	Forehead	Identical
Sensor type	Thermopile	Thermopile	Identical
Temperature unit	°C or °F	°C or °F	Identical
OperatingEnvironment	10°C to 40°C (50°F to 104°F)15%~85%RH	15°C to 40°C (59°F to 104°F)15%~95% RH	Note 4
StorageEnvironment	-25°C to 55°C (-13°F to 131°F)90% RH or less	-25°C to 55°C (-13°F to 131°F)15-95% RH
Auto power-offwhile nooperation	Yes	Yes	Identical
Memory capacity	1 measurement	30 measurements	Note 5
Battery type	3.0V DC with 2 AAA batteries	3.0V DC with 2 AAA batteries	Identical

Comparison to Predicate Devices

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Characteristics	Subject DeviceInfrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100 (K202420)	Predicate DeviceMicrolife Non-Contact InfraredForehead Thermometer, ModelFR1DG1(NC200) (K191829)	Remark
LCD Backlightfeature	Available	Available	Identical
Display type &components	LCD	LCD	Identical
Display resolution	0.1°C/0.1 °F	0.1°C/0.1 °F	Identical
Reference site	Oral	Oral	Identical
Physicaldimensions	1453835mm	156.7 x 43 x 47 mm	Note 6
Weight	78.2g (with batteries),56.6g (w/o batteries)	Unknown
Skin contactingmaterials:	Housing and battery cover: ABSKey: ABS	Housing and battery cover: ABSKey: PMMA	Note 7
Response time	1s	Unknown	-
Measurementmode(adjusted/directmode)	Adjusted	Unknown	Note 8
Algorithm	CM3.1 Algorithm	PH15.0 Algorithm	Note 9
Signal processing	24-bit analog-to-digitalconverter	24-bit analog-to-digitalconverter	Identical
Sensor model	MRT511	TPS336	Note 10
IC model	SN8P2977	HY11P14	Note 11
Touch IC	No	Yes	Note 12
Conformancestandard	AAMI/ANSI ES60601-1IEC60601-1-2IEC 60601-1-11ISO10993-1ASTM E1965-98 (Performance)ISO 80601-2-56(Performance)	AAMI/ANSI ES60601-1IEC60601-1-2IEC 60601-1-11ISO10993-1ASTM E1965-98 (Performance)ISO 80601-2-56(Performance)	Identical

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Note 1:

The wording for the subject device is slightly different from the predicate device but they are both non-contact thermometers for the intermittent measurement of human body temperature via forehead. The subject device addresses the target population based on the clinical study conducted, and they both conform to the same performance standard - ISO 80601-2-56, Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of clinical thermometers for body temperature measurement. The subject device added the device's description as reusable, the predicate device is also reusable based on the device manual. The subject device added the "clinical use" claim, they conform to the same safety and performance standards. The above wording differences between the subject device and predicate device will not affect the subject device's safety and effectiveness.

Note 2:

The result of clinical accuracy characteristics – clinic repeatability of subject device is 0.1℃. Although the predicate results are unknown, they conform to the same performance standard requirements of ASTM E1965-98. The differences between the predicate device and the subject device will not affect the subject device's performance.

Note 3:

The subject device's measurement distance is included in the predicate device range. The subject device's clinical study report demonstrates the clinical accuracy requirements of the standards ISO 80601-2-56 and ASTM E1965-98 within the distance range. The differences between the subject device and predicate will not affect the subject device's safety and effectiveness.

Note 4:

Although the subject device's operating and storage conditions are slightly different from predicate device, they conform to the same standard requirements of ISO 80601-2-56 and IEC 60601-1-11. Therefore, operating and storage conditions do not influence product safety and effectiveness.

Note 5:

Memory function is only used to store data and has no effect on product safety and effectiveness.

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Note 6:

The physical dimension & weight difference does not raise new safety and effectiveness issues. The subject device conforms to the applicable safety, EMC, and performance standards, including ANSI AAMI ES 60601-1, IEC 60601-1-2, IEC 60601-1-11, ISO 80601-2-56, ASTM E1965-98, etc. same as predicate device and reference device.

Note 7:

Although the skin-contacting materials are different, both conform to the same biocompatibility standard requirements of ISO 10993-1.

Note 8:

The subject device's measurement mode is adjusted mode only, and the measurement reference site is oral. The predicate device's information is unknown, but they both conform to the same performance standards requirements of ASTM E1965 and ISO 80601-2-56.

Note 9:

The subject device's algorithm is CM3.1, while the predicate device's is PH15.0. The difference is the algorithm version. It does not affect performance and accuracy, which was evaluated in the performance testing.

Note 10:

The subject device sensor model is MRT511, whereas the predicate device is TPS336. Both sensor models have the same operating principles. The difference does not affect the safety, EMC, and performance standards, including ANSI AAMI ES 60601-1-2, IEC 60601-1-2, IEC 60601-1-11, ISO 80601-2-56, ASTM E1965-98, etc. same as the predicate device.

Note 11:

The main IC of the subject device is SN8P2977, whereas the predicate device is HY11P14. Both main ICs have the same 24-bit analog to digital converter, just the model is different. The difference does not affect performance and accuracy, which was evaluated in the performance testing,

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Note 12:

The subject device has no touch IC, whereas the predicate device has a touch IC. The function of the touch IC is to power the device ON. The difference does not affect the safety, EMC, and performance standards, including ANSI AAMI ES 60601-1-2, IEC 60601-1-2, IEC 60601-1-11, ISO 80601-2-56, ASTM E1965-98, etc. same as the predicate device.

7. Testing Summary:

The following performance data is provided in support of the substantial equivalence determination.

Comparative Clinical Study:

Clinical tests were conducted to verify that the proposed device meets the same design specifications as the Microlife Intellectual Property GmbH predicate. The testing was conducted according to the standard:

-ASTM E1965-98 (Reapproved 2016) Standard Specification for Infrared Thermometers for Intermittent Determination of Patient Temperature
This clinical study consists of 150 subjects, of which 1/3 (50 subjects) are infants, 1/3 (50 subjects) are children and the rest 1/3 (50 subjects) are adults (NOTE: Infants---newborn to one year; Children--- greater than one to five years; Adults---greater than five years old.). The test report demonstrated that the clinical data, represented by clinical bias and clinical repeatability met the acceptance criteria of the clinical study protocol.

Safety and EMC

Testing was performed to verify the basic safety and essential performance of the Infrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100. The following tests were performed:

AAMI/ANSI ES60601-1:2005/(R)2012 and A1:2012, C1:2009/(R)2012 and । A2:2010/(R)2012 Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance (IEC 60601-1:2005. MOD)
IEC 60601-1-2:2014 Medical devices part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral standard: Electromagnetic disturbances -Requirements and tests

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IEC 60601-1-11 Edition 2.0 2015-01, Medical electrical equipment part 1--11: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance -Collateral standard: Requirements for medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems used in the home healthcare environment.

Performance Data:

The subject Infrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100, was subjected to the following tests and passed all test criteria:

ISO 80601-2-56 Second edition 2017-03 Medical electrical equipment --Part 2-56: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of clinical thermometers for body temperature measurement. [Including Amendment 1 (2018)]
ASTM E1965-98 (Reapproved 2016) Standard Specification for Infrared -Thermometers for Intermittent Determination of Patient Temperature
Premarket Notification [510(K)] Submissions For Clinical Electronic -Thermometers

Software Verification and Validation

Software documentation, including verification & validation, was provided following FDA Guidance: Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices for software with a moderate level of concern.

Cleaning Validation

The device was cleaned following the procedure defined in the User's Manual. The device was checked for performance following the cleaning and met all performance requirements following the cleaning.

Biocompatibility

The subject Infrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100, uses similar material to the predicate Microlife Intellectual Property GmbH device. Biocompatibility testing was performed to demonstrate compliance with the same biocompatibility standards as performed by the predicate device.

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The Infrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100 device is classified per ISO 10993-1: 2009 Annex 1 Biological evaluation tests as follows: Surface Device – Intact skin- Contact Duration A – Iimited (≤24 h)

Based on this classification, the following cytotoxicity, skin irritation, and sensitization tests were conducted per the following standards:

-ISO 10993-5: 2009 Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 5 Tests for In Vitro Cytotoxicity
ISO 10993-10: 2010 Biological evaluation of Medical Devices Part 10: -Tests for Irritation- Skin Irritation
ISO 10993-10: 2010 Biological evaluation of Medical Devices Part 10: -Tests for Irritation - Skin sensitization

The test results confirm compliance with the requirements of the standards.

All the labeling and characteristics of the submitted Infrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100, is the same as the predicate device and most infrared forehead thermometers currently on the market. The proposed device and predicate use similar measuring methodologies and components to achieve the measurements.

The design of the submitted device specifications are similar to the predicate, with minor differences in the storage humidity range.

1. Conclusions:
  Based on the performance testing, comparison and analysis provided it was concluded that the subject device, Infrared Forehead Thermometer, DPT-IFT100 is substantially equivalent to predicate device, Microlife Non-Contact Infrared Forehead Thermometer, Model FR1DG1(NC200) cleared under K191829.

Regulation Number and Section

§ 880.2910 Clinical electronic thermometer.

(a)
Identification. A clinical electronic thermometer is a device used to measure the body temperature of a patient by means of a transducer coupled with an electronic signal amplification, conditioning, and display unit. The transducer may be in a detachable probe with or without a disposable cover.(b)
Classification. Class II (performance standards). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in part 807, subpart E of this chapter, subject to the limitations in § 880.9 and the following conditions for exemption:(1) Device is not a clinical thermometer with telethermographic functions;
(2) Device is not a clinical thermometer with continuous temperature measurement functions; and
(3) Appropriate analysis and testing (such as that outlined in the currently FDA-recognized editions, as appropriate, of ISO 80601-2-56, “Medical electrical equipment—Part 2-56: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of clinical thermometers for body temperature measurement,” or ASTM E1965, “Standard Specification for Infrared Thermometers for Intermittent Determination of Patient Temperature,” or ASTM E1112, “Standard Specification for Electronic Thermometer for Intermittent Determination of Patient Temperature,” or ASTM E1104, “Standard Specification for Clinical Thermometer Probe Covers and Sheaths”) must validate specifications and performance of the device.