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Ventris anterior cages are indicated for intervertebral body fusion of the spine in skeletally mature patients who have had at least six months of non-operative treatment. The device systems are designed for use with allogenic bone graft comprised of cancellous and/or corticocancellous bone graft and/or autograft to facilitate fusion. One device is used per intervertebral body space. Ventris anterior cages are intended for use at either one level or two contiguous levels in the lumbar spine, from L2 to S1, for the treatment of degenerative disc disease (DDD) with up to Grade I spondylolisthesis. DDD is defined as back pain of discogenic origin with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies.

Ventris 2-screw anterior cages may be used as a stand alone device only when two (2) vertebral body bone screws are used. Ventris 4-screw anterior cages may be used as a stand alone device only when at least two (2) vertebral body bone screws are inserted in the two medial fixation holes with one inferior and one superior screw trajectory. If the physician chooses to use Ventris anterior cages with fewer than two (2) screws in the two medial fixation holes with one inferior and one superior screw trajectory, then an additional supplemental spinal fixation system cleared for use in the lumbosacral spine must be used. Ventris anterior cages are intended for use at either one level or two contiguous levels in the lumbar spine, from L2 to S1, in patients having an ODI >40 and diagnosed with severe symptomatic adult spinal deformity (ASD) conditions. When used to treat ASD, or when cages with more than 20° of lordosis are used, Ventris anterior cages must be used with a supplemental spinal fixation system cleared for use in the lumbosacral spine and cannot be used as a stand alone.

Ventris anterolateral cages are indicated for intervertebral body fusion of the spine in skeletally mature patients who have had at least six months of non-operative treatment. The device systems are designed for use with allogenic bone graft comprised of cancellous and/or corticocancellous bone graft and/or autograft to facilitate fusion. One device is used per intervertebral body space. Ventris anterolateral cages are intended for use at either one level or two contiguous levels in the lumbar spine, from L2 to S1, in patients having an ODI >40 and diagnosed with severe symptomatic adult spinal deformity (ASD) conditions. Ventris anterolateral cages are intended for use at either one level or two contiguous levels in the lumbar spine, from L2 to S1, for the treatment of degenerative disc disease (DDD) with up to Grade I spondylolisthesis. DDD is defined as back pain of discogenic origin with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies. Ventris anterolateral cages are intended to be used with a supplemental spinal fixation system cleared for use in the lumbosacral spine.

Ventris lateral cages are indicated for intervertebral body fusion of the spine in skeletally mature patients who have had at least six months of non-operative treatment. The device systems are designed for use with allogenic bone graft comprised of cancellous and/or corticocancellous bone graft and/or autograft to facilitate fusion. One device is used per intervertebral body space. Ventris lateral cages are intended for use at either one level or two contiguous levels in the lumbar spine, from L2 to S1, in patients having an ODI >40 and diagnosed with severe symptomatic adult spinal deformity (ASD) conditions. Ventris lateral cages are intended for use at either one level or two contiguous levels in the lumbar spine, from L2 to S1, for the treatment of degenerative disc disease (DDD) with up to Grade I spondylolisthesis. DDD is defined as back pain of discogenic origin with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies. Ventris lateral cages are intended to be used with a supplemental spinal fixation system cleared for use in the lumbosacral spine.

The Ventris system consists of intervertebral body fusion devices intended for lumbar interbody fusion using an anterior lumbar interbody fusion surgical approach (ALIF), anterolateral (i.e., oblique) lumbar interbody fusion surgical approach (AOLIF), or a lateral lumbar interbody fusion surgical approach (LLIF). The devices are intended to improve stability of the spine while supporting fusion. The Ventris constructs are intended for use at one or two contiguous levels in the lumbar spine (L2-S1). The components are offered in different shapes and sizes to meet the requirements of the individual patient's anatomy and are provided sterile.

Ventris cages are available in six configurations: Ventris Ti Interbody anterior four-hole constructs for ALIF approach, Ventris Ti FRA Interbody anterior fully round ALIF (FRA) constructs for ALIF approach, Ventris Ti Open Interbody anterior two-hole constructs for ALIF approach, Ventris Ti AL Interbody anterolateral (i.e., oblique) constructs for OLIF approach, Ventris Ti Lateral FX two-screw lateral constructs for LLIF approach, and Ventris Ti Lateral Interbody lateral constructs for LLIF approach. All cages are also available with increased surface area options that provide additional endplate surface area. For the increased surface area cages, the outer footprint remains the same, but the volume of the internal graft window is reduced, creating more endplate surface area.

Ventris cages are secured on the vertebral bodies using bone screws. A cover plate assembly prevents the screws from backing out after insertion. The cages and cover plates are made of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) per ASTM F3001 Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with Powder Bed Fusion. The bone screw and cover plate screws are made from titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) per ASTM F136 Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications. All anterior and anterolateral constructs are zero profile, reducing potential for vessel interference with the anterior column.

All Ventris cages and cover plates are manufactured using the L-PBF (laser powder bed fusion) additive manufacturing method. L-PBF allows for the formation of solid, non-porous cages with a layered porous lattice structure on the surfaces of the components, including the surfaces of the interior graft window. This intricate structure facilitates bone in-growth by providing a larger surface of implant/bone contact than a buffed surface. Interbody cages and bone screws may also be titanium anodized to allow for identification of various heights/sizes by color.

Ventris Ti Interbody cages, Ventris Ti FRA Interbody cages, Ventris Ti Open Interbody cages, Ventris Ti AL Interbody cages, Ventris Ti Lateral FX Interbody cages, Ventris Ti Lateral Interbody cages, and Ventris bone screws are also available with a Proximal HA Surface (hydroxyapatite) coating. Cages and bone screws are coated with 20mm HA layer composed of crystalline hydroxyapatite particles that mimic human bone tissue through shape, composition, and structure. This surface treatment increases implant anchoring by facilitating osseointegration and enhancing early bone growth. All Ventris devices are only available sterile packaged.

Non-sterile, reusable surgical instruments to support implantation of the system are provided for use with Ventris devices are provided in steam sterilization trays.

The provided FDA 510(k) clearance letter and summary for the Ventris IBFD focuses primarily on demonstrating substantial equivalence to predicate devices through non-clinical performance testing (mechanical, biocompatibility, sterilization, and packaging validation), rather than outlining specific clinical acceptance criteria for a diagnostic AI device or a direct human observational study.

Therefore, the requested information regarding human reader studies, training data, and ground truth establishment, which are typical for AI/diagnostic device clearances, is not present in the provided document. The Ventris IBFD is a physical intervertebral body fusion device, not a diagnostic AI or imaging analysis tool.

However, I can extract the acceptance criteria and performance related to the mechanical and physical properties of the device as described in the non-clinical testing.

Here's the information based on the provided text, with the understanding that this is for a physical medical implant and not a diagnostic AI system:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

• Sample Size: Not explicitly stated as a number of devices or test articles for each mechanical test. The text mentions "worst-case subject device" and "all process steps, including HIP and Non-HIP test articles" were taken into account. This implies a selection of devices representing various configurations and manufacturing processes were tested.
• Data Provenance: The data comes from non-clinical laboratory testing performed by the manufacturer, Acuity Surgical Devices LLC, or a contract lab. The provenance is internal testing to establish product performance against industry standards. There is no mention of country of origin for test data, as it's not a clinical study. It's not retrospective or prospective in the clinical sense, but rather pre-market engineering validation.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish Ground Truth for the Test Set and Qualifications of Those Experts

• Not applicable. For mechanical testing of a medical device, "ground truth" is established by adherence to recognized ASTM standards and validated testing methodologies. The "experts" would be the engineers and technicians conducting the tests and interpreting the results against the standard's specifications. The document does not specify their number or qualifications but implies standard engineering and regulatory expertise would be involved in such validation.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

• Not applicable. Adjudication methods like 2+1 or 3+1 are used in clinical studies involving multiple human readers for diagnostic interpretation. For mechanical testing, the "adjudication" is inherently built into the pass/fail criteria of the ASTM standards and the rigorous interpretation of raw data against these predefined limits.

5. Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study

• No. An MRMC study is not relevant for this type of device (an intervertebral body fusion device) which is a physical implant, not a diagnostic or AI-assisted system. No human readers or AI assistance are mentioned in the context of device performance improvement for an MRMC study.

6. Standalone (Algorithm Only Without Human-in-the-Loop Performance) Study

• Not applicable. This device is a physical implant. There is no "algorithm only" performance to evaluate. Its "performance" is its mechanical integrity and biological compatibility when implanted.

7. Type of Ground Truth Used

• The "ground truth" for the non-clinical tests is based on established industry standards (ASTM F2077, ASTM F2267, ASTM F3001) for the mechanical, material, and performance characteristics of intervertebral body fusion devices. These standards define the acceptable range of performance for such devices.

8. Sample Size for the Training Set

• Not applicable. This device is a physical implant, not an AI model. There is no concept of a "training set" in the context of its validation for FDA clearance. The design and manufacturing processes are developed based on engineering principles and existing knowledge, not through machine learning training data.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

• Not applicable. As there is no training set for an AI model, there is no ground truth, in that sense, to establish.

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