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The Spinal Simplicity Spinous Process Fusion (SPF) Plate is a posterior, non-pedicle supplemental fixation device, intended for use at a single level in the non-cervical spine (T1-S1). It is intended for plate fixation/attachment to spinous processes for the purpose of achieving supplemental fusion in the following conditions:

• · degenerative disc disease (DDD) (defined as back pain of discogenic origin with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radio-graphic studies);
• · spondylolisthesis;
• · trauma (i.e., fracture or dislocation); and/or
• tumor.

The SPF-Plate is intended for use with bone graft material and is not intended for stand-alone use. The device may be implanted via an open (T1-S1) or percutaneous (L1-S1) approach.

The Spinal Simplicity Spinous Process Fusion (SPF) Plate is a minimally invasive, spinous process fusion plate designed for attachment to the posterior, non-cervical spine at the spinous processes through its bilateral locking Plates, and it is intended for use with bone graft fusion material placed within the device. The Spinal Simplicity Spinous Process Fusion (SPF) Plate consists of a Body/Post. Plates, and Fasteners that together form a construct to provide supplemental fusion and stabilization of spinal segments. The components are available in a range of sizes to accommodate varying patient anatomy. Spinal Simplicity Spinous Process Fusion (SPF) Plates are composed of titanium alloys (per ASTM F136 and ASTM F1472).

This document is a 510(k) premarket notification for a medical device called the Spinal Simplicity Spinous Process Fusion (SPF) Plate. The purpose of this notification is to demonstrate that the SPF-Plate is substantially equivalent to legally marketed predicate devices.

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

The acceptance criteria for the Spinal Simplicity SPF-Plate are implicitly defined by demonstrating "substantially equivalent mechanical strength" to predicate devices and functioning "as intended." The document does not provide specific numerical acceptance criteria (e.g., minimum load bearing capacity in Newtons or maximum displacement in millimeters) but rather references compliance to general performance standards and comparison to predicates.

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

The document details several types of studies but does not explicitly state a sample size for a typical "test set" as understood in AI/software evaluation. Instead, it describes mechanical tests and a surgeon survey:

• Mechanical Performance Studies:
  • No specific sample sizes (number of devices tested) are provided for the static and dynamic tests listed.
  • Data Provenance: These are laboratory-based mechanical tests (in vitro). The document does not specify the country where these tests were performed, but given the US FDA submission, it's likely they were conducted in the US or a facility recognized by the FDA for such testing.
• Cadaver Implantation Studies:
  • No specific sample size (number of cadavers or implants) is provided.
  • Data Provenance: Not specified, but generally performed in laboratories.
• Bone Block Studies:
  • No specific sample size (number of bone blocks) is provided.
  • Data Provenance: Not specified, but generally performed in laboratories.
• Survey Data from Surgeons:
  • The sample size for the survey is not explicitly stated ("survey data from surgeons outside the United States who have implanted a version of the subject device").
  • Data Provenance: Retrospective, based on real-world experience. The data originates from surgeons "outside the United States."

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and Qualifications of Those Experts

• Mechanical Tests, Cadaver Studies, Bone Block Studies: The "ground truth" for these tests is based on engineering principles and measurements. The specific number and qualifications of the engineers or technicians conducting these tests are not provided.
• Survey Data: The "experts" are the "surgeons outside the United States who have implanted a version of the subject device." The number of surgeons is not specified. Their qualifications are implied as medical doctors who perform spinal surgery, but no specific experience level (e.g., "radiologist with 10 years of experience") is given.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

• Mechanical Tests, Cadaver Studies, Bone Block Studies: Adjudication is typically inherent in the testing methodology and analysis by engineers, rather than an "adjudication method" in the sense of expert consensus on qualitative observations.
• Survey Data: No formal adjudication method is described for the survey responses. It seems that the summary of observations ("none of the surgeons observed any instances of failure...") was reported directly from the survey.

5. Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study

No MRMC comparative effectiveness study is mentioned for evaluating human readers with or without AI assistance. This document pertains to a physical medical device (SPF Plate), not an AI/software device that assists human readers.

6. Standalone (Algorithm Only) Performance

Not applicable. This device is a physical implant, not an algorithm. Therefore, "standalone performance" in the context of an algorithm is not relevant. The device's "standalone" function refers to its physical capabilities when implanted.

7. Type of Ground Truth Used

• Mechanical Tests: Engineering measurements, physical properties, and objective results based on standardized test methods.
• Cadaver Studies & Bone Block Studies: Observational and measurement data related to implantation, material loss, and mechanical strength in simulated biological environments.
• Survey Data: Self-reported observations and experiences from practicing surgeons.

8. Sample Size for the Training Set

Not applicable. This is a physical medical device, not an AI/ML model that requires a training set in the computational sense. The design and development of the device would have involved engineering and materials science principles, potentially informed by clinical experience and predicate device analysis, but not a "training set" like an algorithm.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

Not applicable, as there is no "training set" in the context of an AI/ML model for this physical device. The design and validation of the device rely on engineering specifications, material science, and performance testing data rather than a data-driven "training" process.

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