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The device is an electronic clinical thermometer using an infrared thermopile sensor to detect body temperature of the radiation from the tympanic part of the human of all ages at home.

AVITA TS0/TS1 Infrared Ear Thermometer is a hand-held, non-sterile, reusable clinical thermometer intended for the determination of human temperature by radiation emitted via the human ear (Tympanic Temperature).

Here's the analysis of the provided text regarding the AVITA TS0/TS1 Infrared Ear Thermometer (referred to as HIVOX Cover-Free Ear Thermometer TS-510 in the FDA letter, though the 510(k) summary lists AVITA as the submitter and manufacturer, suggesting a potential rebranding or distribution relationship).

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

The provided 510(k) summary for the AVITA TS0/TS1 Infrared Ear Thermometer (K020471) is very sparse on specific performance data and acceptance criteria for temperature accuracy. It primarily states compliance with general standards.

Study Proving Device Meets Acceptance Criteria:

The document states: "Moreover, bench technological characteristics do not raise and new questions of safety or effectiveness." This implies that bench testing was performed to demonstrate conformity. However, no detailed information about this bench study (e.g., specific protocols, results, sample sizes for the "test set" in this context) is provided in the summary. For a thermometer, "bench technological characteristics" would typically refer to tests for accuracy against a reference temperature source in a controlled environment. The primary evidence presented for substantial equivalence is conformity to recognized standards (ASTM E1965-98, IEC 60601-1, IEC 60601-1-2).

Missing Information (Not Available in the Provided Text):

The provided documents are a 510(k) summary and the FDA's clearance letter. These types of documents typically summarize the manufacturer's findings rather than providing exhaustive detail on the underlying studies. Therefore, many of the specific questions you asked are not answered by this limited information.

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance (e.g. country of origin of the data, retrospective or prospective)

• Sample Size for Test Set: Not specified.
• Data Provenance: Not specified. The manufacturer is based in Taiwan (AVITA International Corp).

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts (e.g. radiologist with 10 years of experience)

• This question is more relevant for diagnostic AI/imaging devices. For an infrared ear thermometer, the "ground truth" for temperature measurement would typically be established by a calibrated reference thermometer in a controlled laboratory setting, not by human experts. No information on human experts is provided, nor would it be expected for this type of device.

4. Adjudication method (e.g. 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set

• Not applicable. Adjudication methods are typically used when there are multiple human readers or interpretations of diagnostic data. For a thermometer's performance testing, measurement against a standard reference would be the method.

5. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

• Not applicable. This is not an AI-assisted diagnostic device, but a standalone measurement device.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

• Yes, implicitly. The device is an infrared ear thermometer, designed to provide a temperature reading directly. Its performance would be evaluated as a standalone device, with its readings compared to a known reference (ground truth). The document states "bench technological characteristics," which points to standalone testing.

7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc)

• For an infrared ear thermometer, the ground truth would be established by a calibrated reference thermometer in a controlled environment, likely using a black body or other stable heat source, as per the ASTM E1965-98 standard it claims to conform to.

8. The sample size for the training set

• Not applicable. Infrared ear thermometers are typically hardware devices with firmware, not machine learning algorithms that require "training sets" in the conventional sense. The "training" in this context would be the calibration process during manufacturing.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

• Not applicable for the reason stated in point 8.

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