The Nuclear Associates VacuDAP - Model 2000, 2001 is intended to measure the radiation output of diagnostic X-ray generating machines during imaging of patients in both radiography and fluoroscopy. The instrument measures and displays Dose Area Product, a parameter that can be related to patient dose by a Medical Physicist. The Dose Area Product measurement includes the influence of dose rate, screening time and used field quantity variables. The instrument accumulates Dose Area Product values until manually reset by the user.

Device Description

The basic unit VacuDAP 2000 consists of the square ionization chamber and the chamber electronics including the high voltage generation, amplifier, microcontroller and a 8-digit display. These components are designed as a compact unit. The VacuDAP 2001 is completed display. These control (terminal) which makes it possible to operate from everywhere. Optional a printer is available. The X-ray generates an electric charge in the ionization chamber which is measured by the electronic evaluator as chamber current. The microcontroller calculate the dose area product and dose area product rate including the factor of the chamber. The results are transmitted to the serial interface on request of the terminal microcontroller. The measuring operation is working irrespective of the data displayed and is cumulating until the electronic evaluator is reset.

AI/ML Overview

The provided documentation for the Victoreen VacuDAP, Models 2000 and 2001, is a Premarket Notification [510k] Summary. This type of submission focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence to a predicate device rather than presenting detailed clinical study results to meet specific acceptance criteria through rigorous performance evaluation.

Therefore, the document does not contain the detailed information required to fill out all sections of your request regarding a study proving the device meets acceptance criteria. Here's what can be extracted and what is missing:

1. A table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance

The document provides a "Specification Comparison Table" that lists key features and their performance for both the new device (VacuDAP Model 2000, 2001) and the predicate device (Dose Area Product Meter, Model 07-205). These specifications are implicitly the "acceptance criteria" for demonstrating substantial equivalence, where the new device's performance needs to be comparable or better than the predicate.

Feature	Acceptance Criteria (Predicate Device Performance)	Reported Device Performance (New Device)
System accuracy	better than ± 20%	max. ± 20%
Interface	RS232	RS485
Relative Humidity	95%RH non-condensing	< 75%
Temperature Range	+10° to +40°C	+10° to +40°C
Dap range	.001 to 9999 Gy/cm²	.001 to 100,000 Gy/cm²
Dap rate	.001 to 100 Gy/cm²/s	.001 to 300 Gy/cm²/s
Resolution	± 0.01% of full scale	0.1 mGycm²
Light Transmission	70%	>75%
Sensitivity	$3 \times 10^{-3} - 3 \times 10^{2} Gycm^2 S^{-1}$	$8 \times 10^{-8} As / Gycm^2$
Al equivalent/filter effects	0.5mm	0.4mm
Energy Range	50 to 150kV	50 to 200kV
Chamber Power	90VAC to 132VAC 180 VAC to 264VAC @10VA	12VDC / 250mA
Terminal Power	Info unavailable	12/150mA

Assessment of Performance against Criteria:
The new device (VacuDAP) meets or exceeds the predicate device's performance for several key parameters:

System accuracy: Max. ± 20% is comparable to "better than ± 20%".
Dap range and rate: The new device has a significantly wider range and higher rate capability.
Light Transmission: The new device has higher light transmission.
Al equivalent/filter effects: The new device has a lower filter effect (0.4mm vs 0.5mm).
Energy Range: The new device has a wider energy range (50 to 200kV vs 50 to 150kV).
Sensitivity: A direct numerical comparison is difficult due to different units ($As/Gycm^2$ vs $Gycm^2 S^{-1}$), but the text mentions the new device has "a higher sensitivity".

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance (e.g. country of origin of the data, retrospective or prospective)

The document does not provide any details on a specific test set, its sample size, or data provenance. The calibration section mentions that "The measuring results have been compared against a reference instrument calibrated by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig (Germany)." This implies some form of testing or comparison was done, likely in Germany, but no specifics about the dataset are given.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts (e.g. radiologist with 10 years of experience)

This information is not provided in the document, as it's not a clinical study involving human interpretation of medical images or data requiring expert consensus. The device measures physical parameters (Dose Area Product). The "reference instrument calibrated by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt" served as the ground truth.

4. Adjudication method (e.g. 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set

This information is not applicable and not provided as there is no human interpretation or subjective assessment that would require an adjudication method.

5. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

This is not applicable as the VacuDAP is a device for measuring radiation output and is not an AI-assisted diagnostic tool that would involve human readers or image interpretation.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

A "standalone" performance evaluation was implicitly performed during factory calibration. The document states: "Factory calibration of the product is limited to calibration of the ionization chamber with a radiation source. The measuring results have been compared against a reference instrument calibrated by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig (Germany)." This describes the device's performance in measuring known radiation outputs against a traceable standard, which is essentially a standalone performance assessment for a measurement device. However, specific performance metrics from this calibration (e.g., accuracy, precision) beyond the "max. ± 20%" system accuracy are not detailed in the summary.

7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc)

The ground truth for evaluating the VacuDAP's performance was established using a reference instrument calibrated by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig (Germany). This represents a highly accurate and traceable physical standard for dose area product measurement.

8. The sample size for the training set

This information is not applicable and not provided. The VacuDAP is a physical measurement device, not a machine learning or AI algorithm that requires a training set.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

This information is not applicable and not provided, as there is no training set for this type of device.

Summary

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JAN 2 9 1998

Victoreen, Inc.

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Premarket Notification [510k] Summary as required by section 807.92(c)

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Date Summary was prepared:

October 20, 1997

Submitter's Name

Victoreen, Inc. 6000 Cochran Road Cleveland, Ohio 44139-3395

Contact Person:

Linda S. Nash Director of Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance Phone: 440-248-9300 Fax: 440-248-9301

Device Name:

VacuDAP, Model 2000, 2001

Classification Name:

Stationary X-ray System (accessory)

Predicate Device:

DAP(Dose-Area-Product) Meter, Model 07-205, 510(k) #K941931

Product Description:

The X-ray generates an electric charge in the ionization chamber which is measured by the electronic evaluator as chamber current. The microcontroller calculate the dose area product and dose area product rate including the factor of the chamber. The results are transmitted to the serial interface on request of the terminal microcontroller. The measuring operation is working irrespective of the data displayed and is cumulating until the electronic evaluator is reset. The

6000 Cochran Road Cleveland, Ohio 44139-3395 (216) 248-9300 FAX (216) 248-9301 DATA (216) 248-9043

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power is supplied via a low voltage socket (1, 3mm). To start a treatment, the measuring system has to be reset by pushing the button RESET. All X-rays will be measured and displayed automatically.

Intended Use:

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The Model 2000, 2001 is intended to measure the radiation output of diagnostic (Function): X-ray generating machines during imaging of patients in both radiography and fluoroscopy. The instrument measures and displays Dose Area Product, a parameter that can be related to patient dose by a Medical Physicist. The Dose Area Product measurement includes the influence of dose raie, screening time and used field quantity variables. The instrument accumulates Dose Area Product values until manually reset by the user.

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Specification Comparison Table

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Feature	New DeviceVacuDAPModel 2000, 2001	Predicate DeviceDose Area Product MeterModel 07-205
System accuracy	max. ± 20%	better than ± 20%
Interface	RS485	RS232
Relative Humidity	< 75%	95%RH non-condensing
Temperature Range	+10° to +40°C	+10° to +40°C
Dap range	.001 to 100,000 Gy/cm²	.001 to 9999 Gy/cm²
Dap rate	.001 to 300 Gy/cm²/s	.001 to 100 Gy/cm²/s
Resolution	0.1 mGycm²	± 0.01% of full scale
Light Transmission	>75%	70%
Sensitivity	$8 x 10^{-8} As / Gycm^2$	$3X10^{-3} 3X10^{2} Gycm^2 S^{-1}$
Al equivalent / filter effects	0.4mm	0.5mm
Energy Range	50 to 200kV	50 to 150kV
Chamber Power	12VDC / 250mA	90VAC to 132VAC180 VAC to 264VAC @10VA
Terminal Power	12/150mA	Info unavailable

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Similarities to predicate device (Dose Area Product Meter, Model 07-205):

The VacuDAP and the predicate device are similar. Both are using an air filled ionization chamber and a connected electrometer designed to measure the charge generated by the X-ray radiation. The microcontroller calculates the dose area product, the dose area product rate and the exposure time. The VacuDAP and the predicate device allow the results of a measurement to be transmitted to a printer.

Differences to predicate device:

The ionization chamber designed for the VacuDAP devices has a higher light transmission, a lower filter effect and a higher sensitivity. These differences improve the performance of the device.

The VacuDAP 2000 has an attached electronic unit including all functions and display. The VacuDAP 2001 is provided with a serial interface RS485 for connecting the terminal controller. This interface is also used for connecting more ionization chambers to build up a multi-chamber system. The interface allows to connect additional standard devices and to transmit the measuring results to a PC.

Possible Customer Use and Misuse

The customer can use this product either as a quality assurance device or for precise monitoring of the dose which is given to the patient. A misuse could occur if the customer takes the product as a calibration device to measure the absolute dose or internal dose. This product is not recommended to be used for any absolute dose or internal dose measurements.

Moreover the user could forget to push the RESET before an examination or push the RESET before the end of an examination. Then the measuring result will be incorrect. The measured value needs also a proper interpretation when an additional filter is used behind the ionization chamber in the beam line.

Fail Safe / Safety:

The failure mode(s) are anticipated to be: cable(s) not connected or power supply not plugged in. In these cases the device can not be operated and would be observable in the display. The device is supplied with low voltage (12 V DC). The high voltage of 300 V DC is only present inside the product and can not be touched by the operator. The high voltage generates an electrical power of 0.5 m W and breaks down in case of a malfunction. The product will perform a self diagnostic on power up to test internal electronics integrity and notify the user if there are any problems.

Hazard Analysis:

The VacuDAP devices cause no hazards.

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Risk Assessment:

This product is not a primary delivered dose measurement device. Therefore it poses no user or patient risk. Since this product is an independent quality assurance device used for monitoring delivered dose, it does not affect the administration of radiation to the patient or the performance of the X-ray diagnostics system.

Failure Modes:

The ionization chamber and the electrometer inputs may fail electrically. The memory, electronics or microprocessor may fail. Any connectors or the power supply may not be plugged in. These failures will be evident to the user by either a message on the display indicating the source of the failure, or lack of display, as in the case of a power supply failure.

Labeling, Warnings, Standard Identification:

Product markings will include:

Nuclear Associates, Product Name, Model Number, Serial Number, Al Equivalent, Energy Range and Warning.

All advertising, brochures, sales literature, etc. will conform to FDA, and Victoreen / NAD standards.

The manual will conform to Victoreen / NAD standards.

Calibration:

Factory calibration of the product is limited to calibration of the ionization chamber with a radiation source. The measuring results have been compared against a reference instrument calibrated by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig (Germany).

The determined calibration factor is stored in the device's memory and used for the calculation of the dose area product.

The user can check the chamber and the electronics by using the test routine. If the test result is out of the range the device has to be checked by authorized personnel.

Storage Needs / Shelf Life / Disposability:

Shelf life is indefinite. The storage temperature is 0 degrees C to 70 degrees C. The relative humidity is 5 to 95% non-condensing. There are no disposability restrictions.

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Image /page/5/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for the Department of Health & Human Services USA. The logo consists of a circle with the words "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES USA" written around the perimeter. Inside the circle is an image of an eagle with its wings spread. The eagle is facing to the right.

Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850

JAN 2 9 1998

Linda S. Nash Corporate Director of Regulatory Affairs & Quality Assurance Victoreen, Inc. 6000 Cochran Rd. Solon, OH 44139

K974112 VacuDAP, Model 2000, 2001

Re:

Dated: October 20, 1997 Received: October 31, 1997 Regulatory class: II 21 CFR 892.1680/Procode: 90 KPR

Dear Ms. Nash:

We have reviewed your Section 510(k) notification of intent to market the device referenced above and we have determined the device is substantially equivalent for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.

If your device is classified (see above) into either class III (Premarket Approval), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 895. A substantially equivalent determination assumes compliance with the Current Good Manufacturing Practice requirement, as set forth in the Quality System Regulation (QS) for Medical Devices: General regulation (21 CFR Part 820) and that, through periodic OS inspections, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will verify such assumptions. Failure to comply with the GMP regulation may result in regulatory action. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register. Please note: this response to your premarket notification submission does not affect any obligation you might have under sections 531 through 542 of the Act for devices under Radiation Control provisions, or other Federal laws or regulations.

This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.

If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801 and additionally 809.10 for in vitro diagnostic devices), please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4613. Additionally, for question and advertising of your device, please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4639. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR 807.97). Other general information on your responsibilities under the Act may be obtained from the Division of Small Manufacturers Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597 or at its Internet address .http://www.fdagov/cdrb/dsmamain.html", ............................................................................................

Sincerely yours

W. Kiau Yu

Lillian Yin, Ph.D. Director, Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, Ear, Nose and Throat, and Radiological Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health

Enclosure

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510(k) Number:

Device Name: VacuDAP - Model number 2000, 2001

Indications for Use:

(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)

Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)

Clairt be. Seymour

Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, ENT 510(k) Number

Prescription Use

Over-The Counter Use

(Per 21 CFR 801.109)

Regulation Number and Section

§ 892.1680 Stationary x-ray system.

(a)
Identification. A stationary x-ray system is a permanently installed diagnostic system intended to generate and control x-rays for examination of various anatomical regions. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.(b)
Classification. Class II (special controls). A radiographic contrast tray or radiology diagnostic kit intended for use with a stationary x-ray system only is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 892.9.