(119 days)
No
The summary describes a genotyping system that uses a beadchip assay and proprietary software ("Coregen software") to determine genotypes and generate reports based on pre-defined associations between variants and phenotypes. There is no mention of AI or ML being used for analysis, interpretation, or report generation. The process appears to be based on established genetic associations and rule-based interpretation.
No
The device is a qualitative genotyping assessment system that provides information about genetic variants related to drug metabolism. It is explicitly stated that "The information provided by this report should not be used to start, stop, or change any course of treatment," indicating it is for informational purposes and not for direct therapeutic intervention.
Yes
The 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) is described as a "qualitative genotyping assessment system" that detects and reports genetic variants, "intended to enable users to access information about their genetics that could aid discussions with a healthcare professional," and provides "genetic inform discussions with a healthcare professional about metabolism of therapeutics." It also gives "interpretive drug information" related to the potential effect of identified phenotypes on therapy. These functions indicate its role in providing information for diagnostic or medical management purposes, even if it explicitly states it's "not a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional" and "should not be used to start, stop, or change any course of treatment." The identification of genetic variants for discussion with a healthcare professional falls under the scope of diagnostic aid.
No
The device description explicitly states that the service involves the collection of a saliva specimen using a physical collection device (Oragene-Dx® Device), DNA isolation, and testing using a customized genotyping beadchip, reagents, and instrumentation manufactured by Illumina. While software is used for analysis and interpretation, the core function relies on physical biological samples and hardware for genotyping.
Yes, based on the provided information, the 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) is an IVD (In Vitro Diagnostic).
Here's why:
- Intended Use: The intended use explicitly states that the system is applied to genomic DNA isolated from human saliva to "simultaneously detect, report, and interpret genetic variants." This process of analyzing biological samples (saliva) to obtain information about a person's health or condition (genetic variants related to drug metabolism) is a core function of an IVD.
- Device Description: The description details the process of collecting a biological sample (saliva), isolating DNA, performing a multiplex assay using a genotyping beadchip, and generating raw data that is then analyzed and interpreted to produce personalized reports. This entire workflow, from sample collection to result reporting, aligns with the definition of an IVD.
- Performance Studies: The document describes performance studies (Method Comparison, Precision, Minimum DNA Input) conducted to validate the analytical performance of the device in detecting specific genetic variants in saliva samples. This type of validation is required for IVDs to demonstrate their accuracy and reliability.
- Regulatory Context: The mention of FDA clearance (K numbers and DEN numbers) for the saliva collection device and the predicate device (K193492) further indicates that this system is subject to regulatory oversight as a medical device, specifically an IVD. The submission itself is a Traditional 510(k), which is a premarket submission required for many medical devices, including IVDs.
While the service is direct-to-consumer and over-the-counter, and the reports are intended to aid discussions with a healthcare professional rather than being a substitute for medical advice, the underlying technology and process of analyzing a biological sample to provide diagnostic information about genetic variants related to drug metabolism firmly place it within the category of an In Vitro Diagnostic device.
N/A
Intended Use / Indications for Use
The 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) is a qualitative genotyping assessment system applied to genomic DNA isolated from human saliva collected using the Oragene Dx OGD-500.001 to simultaneously detect, report, and interpret genetic variants in a broad multigene test. The assessment system is intended to enable users to access information about their genetics that could aid discussions with a healthcare professional. The 23andMe Personal Genome Service Pharmacogenetic Reports are indicated for reporting of the following variants:
Gene: CYP2C19 Variant(s): *2, *3, *17
Gene: CYP2C9 Variant(s): *2, *3, *5, *6, rs7089580
Gene: CYP3A5 Variant(s): *3
Gene: UGT1A1 Variant(s): *6, *28
Gene: DPYD Variant(s):*2A, rs67376798
Gene: TPMT Variant(s): *2, *3C
Gene: SLCO1B1 Variant(s): c.521T>C (rs4149056)
Gene: CYP2D6 Variant(s): *2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *10, *11, *15, *17, *20, *29, *35, *40, *41
This report is for over-the-counter use by adults over the age of 18 and provides genetic inform discussions with a healthcare professional about metabolism of therapeutics.
The 23andMe Personal Genome Service pharmacogenetic reports for CYP2C9, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, DPYD, TPMT and CYP2D6 describe if a person has variants associated with metabolism of some therapeutics but does not describe if a person will or will not respond to a particular therapeutic and does not describe the association between detected variants and any specific therapeutic.
23andMe Personal Genome Service pharmacogenetics report for CYP2C19 describes if a person has variants associated with metabolism of some therapeutics and provides interpretive drug information regarding the potential effect of the identified metabolizer phenotype on citalopram and clopidogrel therapy.
23andMe Personal Genome Service pharmacogenetics report for SLCO1B1 describes if a person has variants associated with the processing of some therapeutics and provides interpretive drug information regarding the potential effect of the identified transport function phenotype on simvastatin therapy.
The PGS Pharmacogenetic Reports are not a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional. The information provided by this report should not be used to start, stop, or change any course of treatment.
Product codes (comma separated list FDA assigned to the subject device)
QDJ
Device Description
The 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) is a direct-to-consumer/over-the-counter, DNA testing service that provides information and tools for consumers to learn about and explore their DNA.
The PGS is a currently marketed, non-invasive genetic information service that combines qualitative genotyping data covering genetic ancestry, traits, and certain heritable health conditions from a single multiplex assay with descriptive information derived from peer reviewed, published genetic research studies.
Customer saliva specimens are self-collected using the Oragene-Dx Device manufactured by DNA Genotek, Inc. cleared by FDA for use with the PGS device (K141410, DEN140044, DEN160026. DEN170046. DEN180028. K182784. K193492. and K211499), which consists of a sealable collection tube containing a stabilizing buffer solution. Once the sample is collected, it is shipped to a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified laboratory for testing.
DNA is isolated from the saliva and tested in a multiplex assay using a customized genotyping beadchip, reagents and instrumentation manufactured by Illumina. The device simultaneously tests for more than 600,000 variants, including those reported under the previously authorized PGS test indications.
The raw data is generated using Illumina GenomeStudio software, and then sent to 23andMe for analysis and interpretation. The raw data received is analyzed using 23andMe's proprietary Coregen software, where a genotype is determined for each tested SNP. The results for certain of these SNPs are used to generate personalized reports for the customer that provide information about the detected genotype.
Personalized reports are generated for each user that provide results of the testing performed. These reports tell the user which variant(s) has/have been detected in their sample and provide information on the metabolizer or transporter profile associated with the variant was detected, that information is also provided. The personalized reports are designed to present scientific concepts to users in an easy-to-understand format. The reports provide scientifically valid information about the metabolizer or transport function phenotype associated with the presence of a particular variant, or a combination of variants.
In the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1. information regarding interpretive drug information to certain medications will be provided to the user in a medication "mini report", which is accessed via a link in the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1. The reports are designed to help users understand the meaning of their results and any appropriate actions that may be taken based on their results.
As noted in Table 5.2, the PGS assay components for the SLCO1B1 Drug Transport report such as the custom beadchip, reagents, and instrumentation are the same as the predicate devices. No new reagents were needed and the beadchip was unchanged to test for the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant. The probes to detect c.521T>C (rs4149056) already existed on the beadchip.
The novel components in this Traditional 510(k) submission are to provide interpretive drug information to one specific medication (simvastatin), and to remove the limitation language requiring confirmatory testing in the 23andMe pharmacogenetics report for SLCO1B1. Pharmacogenetic reports for other genes authorized in DEN180028 will not be modified to remove the confirmatory testing limitation, include interpretive drug information, or add a prescription indication.
Engineering drawings, schematics, etc. of the 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic Reports are not applicable to this device.
Mentions image processing
Not Found
Mentions AI, DNN, or ML
Not Found
Input Imaging Modality
Not Found
Anatomical Site
Not Found
Indicated Patient Age Range
adults over the age of 18
Intended User / Care Setting
Over-The-Counter Use
Description of the training set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Not Found
Description of the test set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Method Comparison (Accuracy): A method comparison study was performed using bidirectional Sanger sequencing as the comparator. Samples with known c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant status were used. A blinded sampling selection from 23andMe's database was utilized. For variants prevalent in specific ethnicities, samples consisting of those genetic ancestries were randomly selected from the database to enrich the sample selection pool. Allele and diplotype frequencies for each genotype were used to inform the number of samples selected.
Precision (Reproducibility): Intended use (saliva) samples were selected from the 23andMe customer biobank based on their putative genotype for the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant in the SLCO1B1 gene. Samples were obtained for each of the c.521C>T genotype combinations used for clinical interpretations. These samples were genotyped by the 23andMe BeadChip assay in a blinded fashion over 3 days, with 3 lots of reagents, by a unique operator team per day, using 3 different serial numbers of each of 2 instruments (Tecan and iScan), at each of 2 laboratory sites. To confirm the BeadChip genotype, each sample was also sequenced by bi-directional Sanger sequencing.
Minimum DNA Input (MDI): Intended use (saliva) samples were selected from the 23andMe customer biobank based on their putative genotype for the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant in the SLCO1B1 gene. Intended use (saliva) samples were obtained for each of the c.521C>T genotype combinations used for clinical interpretations. These DNA samples were diluted to 3 different DNA concentrations using 3 lots of reagents.
Summary of Performance Studies (study type, sample size, AUC, MRMC, standalone performance, key results)
Method Comparison (Accuracy):
Study type: Method Comparison (Accuracy)
Sample size: Not explicitly stated, but based on sampling selection from 23andMe's database and samples with known variant status.
Key results: 100% overall agreement for all genotypes of the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant in the SLCO1B1 gene compared to Sanger sequencing. The study passed the acceptance criteria of >99% agreement, with PPA and NPA both >99%. The genotyping data demonstrated 100% concordance to the comparator source of truth, achieving the pre-defined acceptance criteria of greater than 99% PPA and greater than 90% NPA for each sample.
Precision (Reproducibility):
Study type: Precision (Reproducibility)
Sample size: Not explicitly stated, but includes samples across multiple days, operator teams, instruments, and reagent lots at 2 independent laboratory sites.
Key results: 100% correct genotype calls for all samples across multiple days, operator teams, instruments, and reagent lots at 2 independent laboratory sites. The study passed the acceptance criteria of at least 99% correct calls. Greater than 99% reproducibility and greater than 99% repeatability.
Minimum DNA Input (MDI):
Study type: Minimum DNA Input
Sample size: Not explicitly stated, but included samples tested at 3 different DNA concentrations with 3 lots of reagents.
Key results: 100% concordant test results, and correct genotype calls for all samples and all reagent lots tested at sample DNA concentrations of 5, 15, and 50 ng/μL. The study passed the acceptance criteria at a sample DNA concentration of 5 ng/μL.
Key Metrics (Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, etc.)
Method Comparison (Accuracy): Positive Percent Agreement (PPA) >99%, Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) >99%.
Precision (Reproducibility): >99% correct genotype calls, >99% reproducibility, >99% repeatability.
Minimum DNA Input (MDI): 100% concordant test results.
Predicate Device(s): If the device was cleared using the 510(k) pathway, identify the Predicate Device(s) K/DEN number used to claim substantial equivalence and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text. List the primary predicate first in the list.
Reference Device(s): Identify the Reference Device(s) K/DEN number and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text.
K141410, DEN140044, DEN160026, DEN170046, DEN180028, K182784, K193492, K211499
Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) - All Relevant Information for the subject device only (e.g. presence / absence, what scope was granted / cleared under the PCCP, any restrictions, etc).
Not Found
N/A
0
Image /page/0/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA). The logo consists of two parts: the Department of Health & Human Services seal on the left and the FDA acronym followed by the full name of the agency on the right. The FDA part of the logo is in blue, with the acronym in a solid blue square and the agency name in a lighter blue. The text reads "FDA U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION".
October 26, 2022
23andMe, Inc. Marianna Frendo Manager Regulatory Affairs 349 Oyster Point Blvd South San Francisco, CA 94080
Re: K221885
Trade/Device Name: 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic Reports Regulation Number: 21 CFR 862.3364 Regulation Name: Pharmacogenetic Assessment System Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: QDJ Dated: June 27, 2022 Received: June 29, 2022
Dear Marianna Frendo:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part
1
801 and Part 809); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4. Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
Paula Caposino, Ph.D. Acting Deputy Director Division of Chemistry and Toxicology Devices OHT7: Office of In Vitro Diagnostics Office of Product Evaluation and Ouality Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K221885
Device Name
23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic Reports
Indications for Use (Describe)
The 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) is a qualitative genotyping assessment system applied to genomic DNA isolated from human saliva collected using the Oragene Dx OGD-500.001 to simultaneously detect, report, and interpret genetic variants in a broad multigene test. The assessment system is intended to enable users to access information about their genetics that could aid discussions with a healthcare professional. The 23andMe Personal Genome Service Pharmacogenetic Reports are indicated for reporting of the following variants:
Gene: CYP2C19 Variant(s): *2, *3, *17 Gene: CYP2C9 Variant(s): *2, *3, *5, *6, rs7089580 Gene: CYP3A5 Variant(s): *3 Gene: UGT1A1 Variant(s): *6, *28 Gene: DPYD Variant(s):*2A, rs67376798 Gene: TPMT Variant(s): *2, *3C Gene: SLCO1B1 Variant(s): c.521T>C (rs4149056) Gene: CYP2D6 Variant(s): *2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *10, *11, *15, *17, *20, *29, *35, *40, *41
This report is for over-the-counter use by adults over the age of 18 and provides genetic inform discussions with a healthcare professional about metabolism of therapeutics.
The 23andMe Personal Genome Service pharmacogenetic reports for CYP2C9, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, DPYD, TPMT and CYP2D6 describe if a person has variants associated with metabolism of some therapeutics but does not describe if a person will or will not respond to a particular therapeutic and does not describe the association between detected variants and any specific therapeutic.
23andMe Personal Genome Service pharmacogenetics report for CYP2C19 describes if a person has variants associated with metabolism of some therapeutics and provides interpretive drug information regarding the potential effect of the identified metabolizer phenotype on citalopram and clopidogrel therapy.
23andMe Personal Genome Service pharmacogenetics report for SLCO1B1 describes if a person has variants associated with the processing of some therapeutics and provides interpretive drug information regarding the potential effect of the identified transport function phenotype on simvastatin therapy.
The PGS Pharmacogenetic Reports are not a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional. The information provided by this report should not be used to start, stop, or change any course of treatment.
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Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
- X Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
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Traditional 510(k) Summary
This summary of Traditional 510(k) safety and effectiveness information is being submitted in accordance with the requirements of Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 and 21 CFR 807.92
The assigned Traditional 510(k) number is: K221885
Submitter/Primary Contact
Marianna Frendo, Manager Regulatory Affairs 23andMe, Inc. 349 Oyster Point Blvd SSF, CA 94080 650-686-9288 mfrendo@23andme.com Establishment Registration Number: 3007699459 Owner Operator Number: 10029404
Alternative Contact
Nikki Arora, Sr. Manager, Regulatory Affairs 23andMe, Inc. 349 Oyster Point Blvd SSF, CA 94080 650-504-2406 nikkia@23andme.com
Date Prepared
26 October 2022
5.1. REGULATORY INFORMATION
Table 5.1 Proposed New Device
| Type of Submission: | Traditional 510(k) |
|---|---|
| Common/Usual Name: | Pharmacogenetic reports for CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A5, |
| UGT1A1, DPYD, TPMT, SLCO1B1, CYP2D6 | |
| Trade/proprietary Name: | 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic |
| Reports |
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| Regulation Description: | A pharmacogenetic assessment system is a qualitative in vitro
molecular diagnostic system intended to detect nucleic acid
variants isolated from human specimens for the purpose of
assessing the presence of genetic variants that impact the
metabolism, exposure, response, risk of adverse events,
dosing, or mechanisms of prescription or over-the-counter
medications. The intended use of the device must not include
an indication for use in supporting or sustaining human life,
being of substantial importance in preventing impairment of
human health, or presenting a potential, unreasonable risk of
illness or injury. |
|-------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Regulation Number: | 21 CFR 862.3364 |
| Product Code: | QDJ |
| Class: | Class II |
| Predicate Device: | 23andMe Pharmacogenetic Reports cleared on August 17,
2020 under K193492 |
5.2. INTENDED USE
The 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) is a qualitative genotyping assessment system applied to genomic DNA isolated from human saliva collected using the Oragene Dx OGD-500.001 to simultaneously detect, report, and interpret genetic variants in a broad multigene test. The assessment system is intended to enable users to access information about their genetics that could aid discussions with a healthcare professional. The 23andMe Personal Genome Service Pharmacogenetic Reports are indicated for the reporting of the following variants:
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| Gene | Variant(s) |
|---|---|
| CYP2C19 | *2, *3, *17 |
| CYP2C9 | *2, *3, *5, *6, rs7089580 |
| CYP3A5 | *3 |
| UGT1A1 | *6, *28 |
| DPYD | *2A, rs67376798 |
| TPMT | *2, *3C |
| SLCO1B1 | c.521T>C (rs4149056) |
| CYP2D6 | *2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *10, |
| *11, *15, *17, *20, *29, *35, *40, | |
| *41 |
5.3. INDICATIONS FOR USE
This report is for over-the-counter use by adults over the age of 18 and provides genetic information to inform discussions with a healthcare professional about metabolism of therapeutics.
The 23andMe Personal Genome Service pharmacogenetic reports for CYP2C9, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, DPYD, TPMT and CYP2D6 describe if a person has variants associated with metabolism of some therapeutics but does not describe if a person will or will not respond to a particular therapeutic and does not describe the association between detected variants and any specific therapeutic.
23andMe Personal Genome Service pharmacogenetics report for CYP2C19 describes if a person has variants associated with metabolism of some therapeutics and provides interpretive drug information regarding the potential effect of the identified metabolizer phenotype on citalopram and clopidogrel therapy.
23andMe Personal Genome Service pharmacogenetics report for SLCO1B1 describes if a person has variants associated with the processing of some therapeutics and provides interpretive drug information regarding the potential effect of the identified transport function phenotype on simvastatin therapy.
The PGS Pharmacogenetic Reports are not a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional.
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The information provided by this report should not be used to start, stop, or change any course of treatment.
5.4. SUBSTANTIALLY EQUIVALENT PREDICATE DEVICE
The components of the PGS are unchanged from the 510(k) clearance for the predicate device, the PGS Pharmacogenetics Assessment System (K193492). These components include the saliva collection kit, reagents, beadchip, instrumentation, software, test processes and procedures.
The purpose of this Traditional 510(k) submission is to modify the 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic Reports as follows: (1) Provide interpretive drug information for simvastatin, accessible through the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1, and (2) Remove the requirement for confirmatory testing in the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1.
Interpretive drug information will be provided to users in the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1, and will be accessed through medication specific links in the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1. Additionally, the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1 will be modified to include a medication list containing drugs processed in part by the SLCO1B1 protein, including drugs listed in FDA's Table of Pharmacogenetic Associations for SLCO1B1. There will be no changes to the Pharmacogenetic reports for the other genes authorized in DEN180028 (CYP2C9, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, DPYD, TPMT, CYP2D6). These reports will not be modified to include interpretive drug information, a prescription indication will not be added, nor will the confirmatory testing limitation statement be removed.
The pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1 is intended for over-the-counter (OTC), direct-to consumer (DTC) use without prescription or physician order. In both the predicate device(s) and the proposed modified device, all customers are advised to share their results with their healthcare provider regardless of their results. Customers with altered function of the SLCO1B1 protein are strongly advised to share their results with their healthcare provider. The proposed revised labeling of the modified device includes certain healthcare provider limitations, as required. The Package Insert has been revised to incorporate information pursuant to agreements specific to this submission. Modifications proposed are to remove the confirmatory testing requirement for SLCO1B1, and to address the inclusion of the pharmacogenetic association information for SLCO1B1, consistent with the product classification under 21 CFR 862.3364. The proposed modifications are based on the additional test system performance data submitted in this Traditional 510(k).
Warnings, precautions, and limitations for CYP2C9, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, DPYD, TPMT, CYP2D6
- Do not use your results to start, stop or change any course of treatment. .
- . Results from this test should not be used to make medical decisions. Results should be confirmed by an independent genetic test prescribed by your
8
own healthcare provider before taking any medical action.
- This test does not provide information on associations between specific DNA variants and any specific therapeutic.
- . This test does not diagnose any health conditions, predict drug response, provide medical advice, or determine whether a medication is indicated for the user.
- This test does not determine if a person will or will not respond to a particular therapeutic.
- This test does not detect all genetic variants related to drug metabolism. The absence of a variant tested does not rule out the presence of other genetic variants that may be related to drug metabolism.
- This test is not a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional. You should consult ● with a healthcare professional if you have any questions or concerns about your results.
- This test may not be able to determine a result for all variants analyzed.
- . Different companies offering genetic testing may be measuring different genetic variants for drug metabolism, so you may get different results from a different test.
- . As with every test the possibility for an incorrect result exists. Speak to your personal healthcare professional or a genetic counselor if your results are unexpected.
Warning, precautions, and limitations specific for CYP2C19 and SLCO1B1
- Do not use your results to start, stop or change any course of treatment. ●
- This test does not diagnose any health conditions, provide medical advice, or determine whether a medication is indicated for the user.
- . This test provides interpretive drug information on citalopram and clopidogrel (CYP2C19) and simvastatin (SLCO1B1).
- This test does not determine if a person will or will not respond to a particular therapeutic.
- . This test does not detect all genetic variants related to drug metabolism. The absence of a variant tested does not rule out the presence of other genetic variants that may be related to drug metabolism.
- This test is not a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional. You should consult with a healthcare professional if you have any questions or concerns about your results.
- This test may not be able to determine a result for all variants analyzed.
- . For CYP2C19 only: This test does not provide interpretive drug information for the CYP2C19 *3/*17 genotype or other CYP2C19 genotype combinations where the predicted metabolizer profile cannot be interpreted. In addition, results for these genotypes should be confirmed by an independent genetic test prescribed by your own healthcare provider before taking any medical action.
- . Different companies offering genetic testing may be measuring different genetic variants for drug metabolism, so you may get different results from a different test.
- . As with every test the possibility for an incorrect result exists. Speak to your personal healthcare professional or a genetic counselor if your results are unexpected.
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This submission proposes an intended use for the pharmacogenetics report for SLCO1B1 that does not introduce new concerns of safety and effectiveness and is supported by performance data collected for this purpose, or similar. As such, the modified 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic Reports is substantially equivalent to the predicate device cleared under K193492.
5.5. DEVICE DESCRIPTION
The 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) is a direct-to-consumer/over-the-counter, DNA testing service that provides information and tools for consumers to learn about and explore their DNA.
The PGS is a currently marketed, non-invasive genetic information service that combines qualitative genotyping data covering genetic ancestry, traits, and certain heritable health conditions from a single multiplex assay with descriptive information derived from peer reviewed, published genetic research studies.
Customer saliva specimens are self-collected using the Oragene-Dx® Device manufactured by DNA Genotek, Inc. cleared by FDA for use with the PGS device (K141410, DEN140044, DEN160026. DEN170046. DEN180028. K182784. K193492. and K211499), which consists of a sealable collection tube containing a stabilizing buffer solution. Once the sample is collected, it is shipped to a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified laboratory for testing.
DNA is isolated from the saliva and tested in a multiplex assay using a customized genotyping beadchip, reagents and instrumentation manufactured by Illumina. The device simultaneously tests for more than 600,000 variants, including those reported under the previously authorized PGS test indications.
The raw data is generated using Illumina GenomeStudio software, and then sent to 23andMe for analysis and interpretation. The raw data received is analyzed using 23andMe's proprietary Coregen software, where a genotype is determined for each tested SNP. The results for certain of these SNPs are used to generate personalized reports for the customer that provide information about the detected genotype.
Personalized reports are generated for each user that provide results of the testing performed. These reports tell the user which variant(s) has/have been detected in their sample and provide information on the metabolizer or transporter profile associated with the variant was detected, that information is also provided. The personalized reports are designed to present scientific concepts to users in an easy-to-understand format. The reports provide scientifically valid information about the metabolizer or transport function phenotype associated with the presence of a particular variant, or a combination of variants.
10
In the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1. information regarding interpretive drug information to certain medications will be provided to the user in a medication "mini report", which is accessed via a link in the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1. The reports are designed to help users understand the meaning of their results and any appropriate actions that may be taken based on their results.
As noted in Table 5.2, the PGS assay components for the SLCO1B1 Drug Transport report such as the custom beadchip, reagents, and instrumentation are the same as the predicate devices. No new reagents were needed and the beadchip was unchanged to test for the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant. The probes to detect c.521T>C (rs4149056) already existed on the beadchip.
The novel components in this Traditional 510(k) submission are to provide interpretive drug information to one specific medication (simvastatin), and to remove the limitation language requiring confirmatory testing in the 23andMe pharmacogenetics report for SLCO1B1. Pharmacogenetic reports for other genes authorized in DEN180028 will not be modified to remove the confirmatory testing limitation, include interpretive drug information, or add a prescription indication.
Engineering drawings, schematics, etc. of the 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic Reports are not applicable to this device.
5.6. TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Type: Qualitative genetic test for single nucleotide polymorphism detection.
Sample Type: Genomic DNA obtained from a human saliva sample.
Target of detection: Single-nucleotide polymorphism.
DNA extraction: Automated and manual methods.
Gene: CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, DPYD, TPMT, SLCO1B1, CYP2D6
Variants: *2, *3, *17 variants in the CYP2C19 gene, *2, *3, *6, rs7089580 in the CYP2C9 gene, *3 in the CYP3A5 gene, *6, *28 in the UGT1A1 gene, *2A, rs67376798 in the DPYD gene, *2, *3C in the TPMT gene, c.521T>C in the SLCO1B1 gene, *2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *10, *11, *15, *17, *20, *29, *35, *40, *41 in the CYP2D6 gene
SNP: c.521T>C (rs4149056)
Genotyping principle: The DNA is fragmented and captured on a bead array by hybridization to immobilized SNP-specific primers, followed by extension with hapten-labeled nucleotides. The primers hybridize adiacent to the SNPs and are extended with a single nucleotide corresponding to the SNP allele. The incorporated hapten-modified nucleotides are detected by adding fluorescently labeled antibodies in several steps to amplify the signals. Data analysis is performed using scatter plots.
Instrument: Illumina iScan and GenomeStudio system.
Assay results: The genotype content is separated, and then integrated into predefined report templates specific for each condition associated with each genotype.
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Table 5.2 Substantial Equivalence
| | Predicate
Pharmacogenetic Reports
K193492 | Proposed modified
indication for the
pharmacogenetic report
for SLCO1B1 | Similarities
and
Differences |
|------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Intended
Use | The 23andMe Personal
Genome Service (PGS) is a
qualitative genotyping
assessment system applied
to genomic DNA isolated
from human saliva collected
using the Oragene Dx OGD-
500.001 to simultaneously
detect, report, and interpret
genetic variants in a broad
multigene test. The
assessment system is
intended to enable users to
access information about
their genetics that could aid
discussions with a
healthcare professional. The
23andMe Personal Genome
Service (PGS)
Pharmacogenetic Reports
are indicated for the
reporting of the following
variants:
Gene: CYP2C19
Variant(s): *2, *3, *17
Gene: CYP2C9
Variant(s): *2, *3, *5, *6,
rs7089580
Gene: CYP3A5
Variant(s): *3
Gene: UGT1A1
Variant(s): *6, *28
Gene: DPYD
Variant(s):*2A, rs67376798
Gene: TPMT | The 23andMe Personal
Genome Service (PGS) is a
qualitative genotyping
assessment system applied
to genomic DNA isolated
from human saliva collected
using the Oragene Dx OGD-
500.001 to simultaneously
detect, report, and interpret
genetic variants in a broad
multigene test. The
assessment system is
intended to enable users to
access information about
their genetics that could aid
discussions with a
healthcare professional. The
23andMe Personal Genome
Service (PGS)
Pharmacogenetic Reports
are indicated for the
reporting of the following
variants:
Gene: CYP2C19
Variant(s): *2, *3, *17
Gene: CYP2C9
Variant(s): *2, *3, *5, *6,
rs7089580
Gene: CYP3A5
Variant(s): *3
Gene: UGT1A1
Variant(s): *6, *28
Gene: DPYD
Variant(s):*2A, rs67376798
Gene: TPMT | No change to
the intended
use. |
| | Variant(s): *2, *3C
Gene: SLCO1B1
Variant(s): *5
Gene: CYP2D6
Variant(s): *2, *3, *4, *5, *6,
*7, *8, *9, *10, *11, *15, *17,
*20, *29, *35, *40, *41 | Variant(s): *2, *3C
Gene: SLCO1B1
Variant(s): c.521T>C
(rs4149056)
Gene: CYP2D6
Variant(s): *2, *3, *4, *5, *6,
*7, *8, *9, *10, *11, *15, *17,
*20, *29, *35, *40, *41 | |
| Indications
for Use | The 23andMe Personal
Genome Service
pharmacogenetic reports for
CYP2C9, CYP3A5,
UGT1A1, DPYD, TPMT and
CYP2D6 describe if a
person has variants
associated
with metabolism of some
therapeutics, but does not
describe if a person will or
will not respond to a
particular therapeutic, and
does not describe the
association between
detected variants and any
specific therapeutic.
23andMe Personal Genome
Service pharmacogenetics
report for CYP2C19
describes if a person has
variants associated with
metabolism of some
therapeutics and provides
interpretive drug information
regarding the potential effect
of the identified metabolizer
phenotype on citalopram
and clopidogrel therapy.
The 23andMe PGS
Pharmacogenetic Reports
are not a substitute for visits
to a healthcare professional. | The 23andMe Personal
Genome Service
pharmacogenetic reports for
CYP2C9, CYP3A5,
UGT1A1, DPYD, TPMT and
CYP2D6 describe if a
person has variants
associated
with metabolism of some
therapeutics, but does not
describe if a person will or
will not respond to a
particular therapeutic, and
does not describe the
association between
detected variants and any
specific therapeutic.
23andMe Personal Genome
Service pharmacogenetics
report for CYP2C19
describes if a person has
variants associated with
metabolism of some
therapeutics and provides
interpretive drug information
regarding the potential effect
of the identified metabolizer
phenotype on citalopram
and clopidogrel therapy.
23andMe Personal Genome
Service pharmacogenetics
report for SLCO1B1
describes if a person has | Addition of a
new indication
for
interpretive
drug
information
for one
specific
medication
(simvastatin)
and removal
of the
requirement
for
confirmatory
testing.
New claims
are limited to
the SLCO1B1
variant. |
| | The information provided by
this report should not be
used to start, stop, or
change any course of
treatment. | variants associated with the
processing of some
therapeutics and provides
interpretive drug information
regarding the potential effect
of the identified transport
function phenotype on
simvastatin therapy.
The 23andMe PGS
Pharmacogenetic Reports
are not a substitute for visits
to a healthcare professional.
The information provided by
this report should not be
used to start, stop, or
change any course of
treatment. | |
| Collection
Kit | Oragene Dx® saliva
collection device (OGD-
500.001)
K141410 | Oragene.Dx® saliva
collection device (OGD-
500.001)
K141410 | Same |
| Reagents | Illumina Infinium HTS Assay
Reagents | Illumina Infinium HTS Extra
Assay Reagents | Same. |
| BeadChip | Illumina Global Screening
Array customized for the
PGS. The chip is designed
to detect specific single
nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) as well as other
genetic variants; all markers
refer to specific positions in
the National Center for
Biotechnology Information
(NCBI) reference human
genome. | Illumina Global Screening
Array customized for the
PGS. The chip is designed
to detect specific single
nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) as well as other
genetic variants; all markers
refer to specific positions in
the National Center for
Biotechnology Information
(NCBI) reference human
genome. | Same. |
| Beadpool | Customized for 23andMe | Customized for 23andMe | Same |
| Instruments | Tecan Evo | Tecan Evo | Same |
| | Illumina iScan | Illumina iScan | |
| Software | Genome Studio
Coregen | Genome Studio
Coregen | Same |
| Sample
Matrix | Saliva | Saliva | Same |
| Method
Comparison | >99% PPA and NPA for all
genotypes | >99% PPA and NPA for all
genotypes | Same |
12
13
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5.7. PERFORMANCE TESTING SUMMARY
The purpose of this submission is to modify the 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic Reports as follows:
-
- Provide interpretive drug information for simvastatin, accessible through the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1
-
- Remove the requirement for confirmatory testing in the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1
In addition to the analytical requirements outlined in DEN180028, the Company generated additional data (K193492), and performed an additional blinded method comparison study to assess the performance of the 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1, in support of the removal of the confirmatory testing requirement and 510(k) clearance.
5.7.1 Method Comparison (Accuracy)
23andMe performed a method comparison study using bidirectional Sanger sequencing as the comparator to assess the accuracy of the assay. Results of the test were compared with sequencing results for samples with known c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant status. The method comparison study yielded 100% overall agreement for all genotypes of the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant in the SLCO1B1 gene for all samples compared to Sanger sequencing. Therefore, the study passed the acceptance criteria of >99% agreement, with PPA and NPA both >99%. The method comparison study showed that the assay is comparable to bidirectional Sanger sequencing for the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant in the SLCO1B1 gene.
To mitigate the risk for false positive/negative results potentially influenced by selecting samples with genotypes previously determined by the PGS, a study was performed utilizing a blinded sampling selection from 23andMe's database. For variants prevalent in specific ethnicities, samples consisting of those genetic ancestries were randomly selected from the database to
15
enrich the sample selection pool. Allele and diplotype frequencies for each genotype were used to inform the number of samples selected for this study.
Upon completion of genotyping, results were compared to sequencing results to calculate positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA), with the bidirectional Sanger sequencing results considered as the source of truth.
The genotyping data demonstrated 100% concordance to the comparator source of truth, achieving the pre-defined acceptance criteria of greater than 99% PPA and greater than 90% NPA for each sample.
5.7.2 Precision (Reproducibility)
23andMe performed a precision study to evaluate the following precision parameters of the assay: intra-assay, operator-to-operator, instrument-to-instrument, and reagent lot-to-lot for the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant in the SLCO1B1 gene. In order to ensure that the assay accurately reflected the reproducibility of intended use (saliva) samples, intended use (saliva) samples were selected from the 23andMe customer biobank based on their putative genotype. Per the Agency's recommendation intended use (saliva) samples were obtained for each of the c.521C>T genotype combinations used to report results used to make clinical interpretations. These samples were genotyped by the 23andMe BeadChip assay in a blinded fashion over 3 days, with 3 lots of reagents, by a unique operator team per day, using 3 different serial numbers of each of 2 instruments (Tecan and iScan), at each of 2 laboratory sites. To confirm the BeadChip genotype, each sample was also sequenced by bi-directional Sanger sequencing. BeadChip genotypes were compared with sequenced genotypes to determine the rates of correct BeadChip genotype calls. The acceptance criteria is a minimum of 99% correct genotype calls at each of two laboratory sites.
This precision study yielded 100% correct genotype calls for all samples across multiple days, operator teams, instruments, and reagent lots at 2 independent laboratory sites. Therefore, the study passed the acceptance criteria of at least 99% correct calls. In addition, the study had greater than 99% reproducibility and greater than 99% repeatability.
5.7.3 Minimum DNA Input (MDI)
23andMe performed a minimum DNA input study to determine the lowest concentration of DNA that is necessary for successful assignment of the correct genotypes for the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant in the SLCO1B1 gene. In order to ensure that the assay accurately reflected the performance of intended use (saliva) samples, intended use (saliva) samples were selected from the 23andMe customer biobank based on their putative genotype. Per the Agency's recommendation intended use (saliva) samples were obtained for each of the c.521C>T genotype combinations used to report results used to make clinical interpretations. These DNA samples
16
were diluted to 3 different DNA concentrations using 3 lots of reagents. Results of this MDI study yielded 100% concordant test results, and correct genotype calls for all samples and all reagent lots tested at sample DNA concentrations of 5, 15, and 50 ng/μL. Therefore, the study passed the acceptance criteria at a sample DNA concentration of 5 ng/μL.
5.7.4 Shelf life
The PGS uses the same FDA-cleared collection device and reagents that have been previously reviewed and authorized in K141410 and DEN140044.
Table 5.3 Clinical Performance
Allele frequencies from 23andMe database and Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD)
Allele frequencies from gnomAD database were obtained from https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/ on 24May2022.
| c.521T>C (rs4149056:C) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ancestry | |||
| Group | Percent of 23andMe | ||
| customers with | |||
| varianta | |||
| (n = 8,005,896 | |||
| customers) | Allele frequencies | ||
| among 23andMe | |||
| customersa | |||
| (n = 16,011,792 | |||
| alleles) | Allele frequencies from | ||
| gnomADb | |||
| (n = 282,308 alleles) | |||
| European | 29.39% | 15.99% | 15.89% |
| (European, non-Finnish) | |||
| African | |||
| American | 10.06% | 5.21% | 2.98% |
| Ashkenazi | |||
| Jewish | 33.33% | 18.37% | 17.97% |
| East Asian | 23.56% | 12.59% | 12.54% |
| Hispanic / | |||
| Latino | 25.29% | 13.61% | 11.21% |
| South Asian | 9.66% | 5.00% | 5.05% |
17
| Middle Eastern | 32.10% | 17.75% | not included |
|---|---|---|---|
| ---------------- | -------- | -------- | -------------- |
ªSmall changes to observed allele and variant frequencies are expected to occur as the database grows. Frequencies are truncated at a minimum frequency if the number of carriers is fewer than 5.
5.8. DISCUSSION
This Traditional 510(k) submission is to modify the 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic Reports as follows: (1) Provide interpretive drug information for simvastatin, accessible through the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1. and (2) Remove the confirmatory testing requirement in the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1. The analytical and clinical data demonstrates that 23andMe's BeadChip assay generates accurate results specific to the SLCO1B1 variant reported in its results. The 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic reports, pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1 is not technologically different nor does it introduce any new concerns of safety or effectiveness when compared to the previously authorized predicate device (K193492).
It was shown through robust user comprehension testing, previously reviewed and authorized under DEN180028 and K193492, that the user can adequately interpret the results for the c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant, as well as understand interpretive drug information as presented in the pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1.
5.9. CONCLUSION
The modifications to the 23andMe Personal Genome Service (PGS) Pharmacogenetic Reports are substantially equivalent to the predicate device (K193492). As presented, the modified pharmacogenetic report for SLCO1B1, without the confirmatory testing requirement, is a safe and effective consumer product that can safely and effectively assist customers with certain SLCO1B1 genotypes in understanding how their body may respond to certain medications and encourage informed conversations with their healthcare provider.