K Number
K160109
Device Name
Thayer Medical LiteAire Dual-valved, Collapsible MDI Holding Chamber
Date Cleared
2017-05-19

(486 days)

Product Code
Regulation Number
868.5630
AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP Authorized
Intended Use
The LiteAire is a collapsible, disposable dual-valved holding chamber designed to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medications delivered via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI). The LiteAire features a standard port designed for compatibility with standard MDI mouthpieces. It is a non-sterile device for single-patient use. The LiteAire is intended to be used by adults, adolescents and children ages 5 and up who are able to use a holding chamber without the aid of a mask and who are under the care or treatment of a physician or licensed healthcare professional.
Device Description
The Thayer Medical LiteAire Dual-valved, Collapsible MDI Holding Chamber is intended for use in the inhalation of medications delivered via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI). The device consists of a collapsible paperboard housing and 2 one-way valves to control the direction of air flow when the patient inhales and exhales through the device. The LiteAire is not sterile, but clean and ready to use right out of the package. The LiteAire can be assembled by gently pushing in the edges of the device. The holding chamber can also be collapsed flat between uses and is anti-static.
More Information

Not Found

No
The description focuses on the mechanical and material properties of a simple holding chamber for MDI delivery. There is no mention of any computational or data-driven features that would indicate AI/ML.

No.
The device is a holding chamber designed to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medications, not the medication itself or a device that directly performs a therapeutic action.

No

The device is described as a "collapsible, disposable dual-valved holding chamber designed to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medications." Its purpose is to facilitate medication delivery, not to diagnose a medical condition.

No

The device description clearly outlines a physical, collapsible paperboard housing with valves, indicating it is a hardware device, not software-only.

Based on the provided information, the LiteAire device is not an In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD).

Here's why:

  • Intended Use: The intended use clearly states that the device is designed to "aid in the delivery of aerosolized medications delivered via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI)." This is a drug delivery device, not a device used to examine specimens derived from the human body to provide information for diagnosis, monitoring, or compatibility testing.
  • Device Description: The description focuses on the physical components and function of a holding chamber for medication inhalation.
  • Lack of IVD Characteristics: There is no mention of analyzing biological samples, detecting analytes, or providing diagnostic information. The performance studies focus on the device's ability to deliver medication effectively and its physical properties.

Therefore, the LiteAire is a medical device for drug delivery, not an IVD.

N/A

Intended Use / Indications for Use

The LiteAire is a collapsible, disposable dual-valved holding chamber designed to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medications delivered via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI).

The LiteAire features a standard port designed for compatibility with standard MDI mouthpieces. It is a non-sterile device for single-patient use.

The LiteAire is intended to be used by adults, adolescents and children ages 5 and up who are able to use a holding chamber without the aid of a mask and who are under the care or treatment of a physician or licensed healthcare professional.

Product codes (comma separated list FDA assigned to the subject device)

NVP

Device Description

The Thayer Medical LiteAire Dual-valved, Collapsible MDI Holding Chamber is intended for use in the inhalation of medications delivered via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI). The device consists of a collapsible paperboard housing and 2 one-way valves to control the direction of air flow when the patient inhales and exhales through the device. The LiteAire is not sterile, but clean and ready to use right out of the package. The LiteAire can be assembled by gently pushing in the edges of the device. The holding chamber can also be collapsed flat between uses and is anti-static.

Mentions image processing

Not Found

Mentions AI, DNN, or ML

Not Found

Input Imaging Modality

Not Found

Anatomical Site

Not Found

Indicated Patient Age Range

adults, adolescents and children ages 5 and up

Intended User / Care Setting

Used by patients under the care or treatment of a physician or licensed healthcare professional.
Intended Use Environments: the home, hospitals and clinics.

Description of the training set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol

Not Found

Description of the test set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol

Not Found

Summary of Performance Studies (study type, sample size, AUC, MRMC, standalone performance, key results)

Non-Clinical Testing Summary:

  • Biocompatibility testing: Cytotoxicity testing (ISO 10993-5), Sensitization testing (ISO 10993-10), Intracutaneous Irritation testing (ISO 10993-10), Extractables & Leachables testing (ISO 10993-18 & 17), Off-gas testing (simulation of volatile leachable/contaminant release in a hot vehicle).
  • Shelf-life testing: Pre- (new) vs. Post-aged (6 years). Results: There were no differences in appearance, pop-ability and collapsibility, Total Emitted Dose, Course Particle Dose or Fine Particle Dose between the new and aged devices. Inhalation and exhalation valve resistances were acceptably low.
  • Environmental and mechanical testing (Simulated Life Cycle testing): Temperature and Humidity testing, Valve Resistance testing. Results: There were no differences in Total Emitted Dose, Course Particle Dose, Fine Particle Dose and breakability upon dropping between the new devices and devices exposed to high temperature and humidity. Inhalation and exhalation valve resistances of "exposed" devices were acceptably low.
  • Anti-static surface resistivity testing (ASTM-D-257, NFPA-99 and MIL-PRF-81705D). Results: The LiteAire has a surface resistivity of 1.0 x 10^10 Ω/sq (at 23°C/ 50% RH), meeting "dissipative" or "anti-static" requirements.
  • Particle Characterization testing via Cascade Impactor: Adult (28 lpm) and Pediatric (12 lpm). Results presented in Tables 2 and 3 as 95% confidence intervals for Total Delivered Dose, Coarse Particle Dose, Fine Particle Dose, MMAD, and GSD for Proventil HFA, Atrovent HFA, and QVAR 80 mcg.
    • Table 2 (Adult, 28 L/min):
      • Proventil HFA (N=9): Total Delivered Dose: 53.87 – 77.62 µg/actuation; Coarse Particle Dose: 0 – 2.81 µg/actuation; Fine Particle Dose: 54.49 – 75.34 µg/actuation; MMAD: 2.11 – 2.44 µm; GSD: 1.35 – 1.45 µm.
      • Atrovent HFA (N=9): Total Delivered Dose: 6.15 – 10.02 µg/actuation; Coarse Particle Dose: 0–0 µg/actuation; Fine Particle Dose: 6.15 – 10.02 µg/actuation; MMAD: 0.48 – 0.88 µm; GSD: 0 – 6.08 µm.
      • QVAR 80 mcg (N=9): Total Delivered Dose: 65.74 – 76.01 µg/actuation; Coarse Particle Dose: 0.69 – 1.82 µg/actuation; Fine Particle Dose: 64.24 – 75.00 µg/actuation; MMAD: 0.99 – 1.15 µm; GSD: 1.37 – 2.08 µm.
    • Table 3 (Pediatric, 12 L/min):
      • Proventil HFA (N=9): Total Delivered Dose: 39.77 - 66.53 µg/actuation; Coarse Particle Dose: 0 - 2.28 µg/actuation; Fine Particle Dose: 39.81 - 65.56 µg/actuation; MMAD: 1.88 – 2.18 µm; GSD: 1.32 - 1.40 µm.
      • Atrovent HFA (N=9): Total Delivered Dose: 5.96 - 10.03 µg/actuation; Coarse Particle Dose: 0-0 µg/actuation; Fine Particle Dose: 5.96 - 10.03 µg/actuation; MMAD: 0.57 - 0.83 µm; GSD: 1.21 - 2.02 µm.
      • QVAR 80 mcg (N=9): Total Delivered Dose: 59.89 - 74.16 µg/actuation; Coarse Particle Dose: 0 - 3.42 µg/actuation; Fine Particle Dose: 57.74 - 73.20 µg/actuation; MMAD: 0.78 – 1.05 µm; GSD: 1.48 – 1.82 µm.

Key Metrics (Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, etc.)

Values reported are 95% confidence intervals for:

  • Total Delivered Dose
  • Coarse Particle Dose
  • Fine Particle Dose
  • MMAD
  • GSD

Predicate Device(s): If the device was cleared using the 510(k) pathway, identify the Predicate Device(s) K/DEN number used to claim substantial equivalence and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text. List the primary predicate first in the list.

K993101 - Thayer Medical LiteAire®

Reference Device(s): Identify the Reference Device(s) K/DEN number and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text.

Not Found

Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) - All Relevant Information for the subject device only (e.g. presence / absence, what scope was granted / cleared under the PCCP, any restrictions, etc).

Not Found

§ 868.5630 Nebulizer.

(a)
Identification. A nebulizer is a device intended to spray liquids in aerosol form into gases that are delivered directly to the patient for breathing. Heated, ultrasonic, gas, venturi, and refillable nebulizers are included in this generic type of device.(b)
Classification. Class II (performance standards).

0

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Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Document Control Center - WO66-G609 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002

May 19, 2017

Thayer Medical Corporation Jennifer Johnson Director of Research and Development 4575 South Palo Verde Road Suite 337 Tucson, Arizona 85714

Re: K160109

Trade/Device Name: Liteaire Dual Valved, Collapsible MDI Holding Chamber Regulation Number: 21 CFR 868.5630 Regulation Name: Nebulizer Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: NVP Dated: April 19, 2017 Received: May 19, 2017

Dear Jennifer Johnson:

We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration. listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.

If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.

Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical devicerelated adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in

1

the quality systems (OS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.

If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801), please contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address

http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to

http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm for the CDRH's Office of Surveillance and Biometrics/Division of Postmarket Surveillance.

You may obtain other general information on your responsibilities under the Act from the Division of Industry and Consumer Education at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 796-7100 or at its Internet address

http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ResourcesforYou/Industry/default.htm.

Sincerely yours,

Michael J. Ryan -S

for Tina Kiang, Ph.D. Acting Director Division of Anesthesiology, General Hospital, Respiratory, Infection Control, and Dental Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health

Enclosure

2

Indications for Use

510(k) Number (if known) K160109

Device Name

Thayer Medical LiteAire Dual-valved, Collapsible MDI Holding Chamber

Indications for Use (Describe)

The LiteAire is a collapsible, disposable dual-valved holding chamber designed to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medications delivered via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI).

The LiteAire features a standard port designed for compatibility with standard MDI mouthpieces. It is a non-sterile device for single-patient use.

The LiteAire is intended to be used by adults, adolescents and children ages 5 and up who are able to use a holding chamber without the aid of a mask and who are under the care or treatment of a physician or licensed healthcare professional.

Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
---------------------------------------------------

X Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)

Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)

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Image /page/3/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for Thayer Medical. The logo consists of a square with a pattern of dots at the top, resembling a stylized representation of light or energy emanating upwards. Below the square, the word "THAYER" is written in a bold, sans-serif font, followed by the word "MEDICAL" in a smaller font size. A horizontal line is placed under the word "MEDICAL".

LiteAire® 510(k) Summary Page 1 of 9

510(k) Summary

Date Prepared09-May-17
Company InformationThayer Medical Corporation
4575 South Palo Verde Road, Suite 337
Tucson, Arizona 85714
Telephone (520) 790-5393
Facsimile (520) 790-5854
Official ContactJennifer Johnson, PhD
Director of Research and Development
Thayer Medical Corporation
Proprietary or Trade NameThayer Medical LiteAire Dual-valved, Collapsible MDI Holding
Chamber
Common/Usual NameHolding chamber
Classification NameHolding Chambers, Direct Patient Interface
NVP - CFR 868.5630
Class II
Predicate Device(s)K993101 - Thayer Medical LiteAire®

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Image /page/4/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for Thayer Medical. The logo consists of a square with a series of dots arranged in a semi-circular pattern above the words "THAYER MEDICAL" in a bold, sans-serif font. The dots appear to be arranged in rows, with the number of dots decreasing as they move upwards, creating a visual effect of radiating outwards.

LiteAire® 510(k) Summary Page 2 of 9

Device Description

The Thayer Medical LiteAire Dual-valved, Collapsible MDI Holding Chamber is intended for use in the inhalation of medications delivered via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI). The device consists of a collapsible paperboard housing and 2 one-way valves to control the direction of air flow when the patient inhales and exhales through the device. The LiteAire is not sterile, but clean and ready to use right out of the package. The LiteAire can be assembled by gently pushing in the edges of the device. The holding chamber can also be collapsed flat between uses and is anti-static.

Indications for Use

The LiteAire is a collapsible, disposable dual-valved holding chamber designed to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medications delivered via a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI).

The LiteAire features a standard port designed for compatibility with standard MDI mouthpieces. It is a non-sterile device for single-patient use.

The LiteAire is intended to be used by adults, adolescents and children ages 5 and up who are able to use a holding chamber without the aid of a mask and who are under the care or treatment of a physician or licensed healthcare professional.

Intended Use

The intended environments for use include the home, hospitals and clinics. No cleaning, disinfection or sterilization of the LiteAire is needed. This product can be used right out of the package. Prior to use, ensure these instructions and the instructions supplied with the MDI have been read. Always follow your physician's instructions.

Device Modifications from Predicate to Subject

As indicated in Table 1, the subject device contains 5 modifications from the predicate device. First, the use assembly of the predicate device was changed from a fold-up form to a pop-up form and the volume of the chamber was increased. Next, the adhesive used in manufacture of the device was changed. Last, an anti-static designation and a shelf-life were added to the subject device.

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Image /page/5/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for Thayer Medical. The logo consists of a square with several rows of black dots at the top, resembling a stylized sun or burst. Below the square, the words "THAYER" and "MEDICAL" are stacked on top of each other in a bold, sans-serif font. A horizontal line is placed above and below the word "MEDICAL".

Table 1. Comparisons between the Predicate and Subject Devices. The center column indicates
whether that attribute for the Subject Device has changed from the Predicate Device.
AttributePredicate Device
LiteAire®
K993101Change
From
Predicate
to
Subject
(Yes or No)Subject Device
LiteAire®
K160109
Regulation
No.21 CFR 868.5630No21 CFR 868.5630
Product CodeCAFYes1NVP
Product ClassIINoII
Intended UseThe LiteAire is intended for independent
use by a single patient; each LiteAire
should be usable for multiple doses if
properly cared for.
It provides a combination of a holding
chamber with two valves designed to help
achieve more reproducible dosing, by
reducing throat deposition of the MDI drug
and by assisting the patient in overcoming
any hand-breath coordination difficulties.
The LiteAire is for use on the order of a
physician or other practitioner approved by
law.No2The LiteAire is intended for independent
use by a single patient; each LiteAire
should be usable for multiple doses if
properly cared for.
It is a holding chamber with two valves
which is designed to help: achieve
consistent dosing, reduce MDI drug
deposition in the throat and assist the
patient in overcoming any hand-breath
coordination difficulties.
The LiteAire is for use on the order of a
physician or other practitioner approved by
law.
Indications
for UseThe LiteAire is a collapsible, disposable
accessory device for use with a metered
dose inhaler (MDI) canister and
nozzle/mouthpiece provided by the MDI
drug manufacturer.
It is designed to be used with virtually all
MDI nozzles/mouthpieces. The LiteAire is a
non-sterile device for single-patient use.
The patient population comprises all users
of MDIs who are capable of actuating the
MDI canister and inhaling through a
mouthpiece.No2The LiteAire is a collapsible, disposable
dual-valved holding chamber designed to
aid in the delivery of aerosolized
medications delivered via a pressurized
metered dose inhaler (MDI).
The LiteAire features a standard port
designed for compatibility with standard
MDI mouthpieces. It is a non-sterile device
for single-patient use.
The LiteAire is intended to be used by
adults, adolescents and children ages 5 and
up who are able to use a holding chamber
without the aid of a mask and who are
under the care or treatment of a physician
or licensed healthcare professional.
Environments
for UseThe environment of use is ordinary room
temperature, ambient pressure and
humidity, in clinical or non-clinical settings.No2The intended environments of use include
the home, hospitals and clinics.
Table 1. Comparisons between the Predicate and Subject Devices. The center column indicates
whether that attribute for the Subject Device has changed from the Predicate Device.
AttributePredicate Device
LiteAire®
K993101Change
From
Predicate
to
Subject
(Yes or No)Subject Device
LiteAire®
K160109
PrescriptiveYesNoYes
Patient
PopulationThe target patient population comprises all
users of MDIs who are capable of actuating
the MDI canister and inhaling through a
mouthpiece.NoThe LiteAire is intended to be used by
adults, adolescents and children ages 5 and
up who are able to use a holding chamber
without the aid of a mask and who are
under the care or treatment of a physician
or licensed healthcare professional.
Single-
patient,
multi-useYesNoYes
ComponentsPaperboard housingNoPaperboard housing
One-way exhalation valveNoOne-way exhalation valve
One-way inhalation valveNoOne-way inhalation valve
Polymer windowNoPolymer window
Adhesive21 CFR 175.105 compliantNo21 CFR 175.105 compliant
Category = indirect food contactNoCategory = indirect food contact
Adhesive manufacturer AYesAdhesive manufacturer B
Device
Assembly for
UseFold-upYesPop-up
Chamber
Volume165 mLYes184 mL
Anti-static
propertiesNot statedYesAnti-Static
Shelf-lifeNot statedYes5 years
Table 1. Comparisons between the Predicate and Subject Devices. The center column indicates
whether that attribute for the Subject Device has changed from the Predicate Device.
AttributePredicate DeviceChange
From
Predicate
to
Subject
(Yes or No)Subject Device
LiteAire®
K993101LiteAire®
K160109
Housing
ConfigurationCollapsibleNoCollapsible
Patient
interfaceMouthpieceNoMouthpiece
SterilityNon-sterileNoNon-sterile

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Image /page/6/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for Thayer Medical. The logo consists of a square with a series of dots arranged in a semi-circular pattern at the top, resembling a stylized representation of sound waves or a technological signal. Below the square, the words "THAYER MEDICAL" are stacked on top of each other, with "THAYER" appearing above "MEDICAL". A horizontal line underlines the word "MEDICAL", providing a sense of stability and grounding to the logo.

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Image /page/7/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for Thayer Medical. The logo consists of a square with several circles inside, arranged in rows. The circles are smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. Above the square, there are several dots arranged in a semi-circle shape. Below the square, the words "THAYER MEDICAL" are written in bold, uppercase letters.

1 This change is due to a change in the FDA designation.

2 Although the wording has been changed, the intended meaning is the wording change from Predicate to Subject was to better convey the intended meaning.

Substantial Equivalence Discussion

Table 1 compares the key features of the subject LiteAire with the identified predicate and demonstrates that the device is found to be substantially equivalent.

In summary one can conclude that the substantial equivalence is met based upon the following:

Indications for Use

The indications for use are nearly identical for the subject device (K160109) when compared to the predicate, K993101.

Discussion: Both devices are collapsible and disposable paperboard valved holding chambers which are to be used to aide in the delivery of metered dose inhaled (MDI) medication. Both devices were designed to be used with standard MDIs. Furthermore, both devices are non-sterile devices for single-patient use by patients who are able to inhale through the mouthpiece of a valved holding chamber without the need for a mask.

Environment for Use

The environments of use include the home, hospitals and clinics.

Discussion: The environments of use are equivalent to the predicate K993101 – Thayer Medical LiteAire®. The predicate device (K993101) describes the environment of use to be clinical or non-clinical settings. The subject device (K160109) describes the environment

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Image /page/8/Picture/0 description: The image contains the logo for Thayer Medical. The logo consists of the word "THAYER" in bold, uppercase letters above the word "MEDICAL" in smaller, uppercase letters. Above the words is a square shape filled with a pattern of dots that are arranged in rows, with the dots becoming smaller as they ascend.

LiteAire® 510(k) Summary Page 6 of 9

of use to be homes, hospitals and clinics. Homes, hospitals and clinics are clinical and non-clinical settings.

Patient Population

The patient populations include adults, adolescents and children ages 5 and up who are able to use a holding chamber without the aid of a mask and who are under the care or treatment of a physician or licensed healthcare professional. This is equivalent to the patient population in the predicate that did not specify a patient population, but noted the patient population comprises all users of MDIs who are capable of actuating the MDI canister and inhaling through a mouthpiece.

Discussion: The patient populations are equivalent to the patient populations for the predicate device, K993101 - Thayer Medical LiteAire®.

Technology and Construction

The design, fabrication, shape, size, etc. are equivalent to the predicate, K993101 – Thayer Medical LiteAire®.

Discussion: The designs of the predicate (K993101) and the subject (K160109) devices both incorporate a housing, a polymer window, a one-way valve for inhalation, a oneway valve for exhalation and a patient interface with a mouthpiece. The dimensional changes to the subject LiteAire® (K160109) were shown to result in substantially equivalent performance to the predicate device (K993101) (i.e. equal drug delivery).

Non-Clinical Testing Summary

Biocompatibility

The device is considered to be externally communicating with lung tissue (aerosol mediated) and in direct (skin & mucosal membrane) contact with the patient. In order to assess device biocompatibility, the following tests were carried out:

  • Cytotoxicity testing, according to ISO 10993-5
  • Sensitization testing, according to ISO 10993-10
  • . Intracutaneous Irritation testing, according to ISO 10993-10
  • Extractables & Leachables testing, according to ISO 10993-18 & 17
  • . Off-gas testing (simulation of volatile leachable/contaminant release in a hot vehicle)

Performance Testing including Comparative

  • . Shelf-life testing
    • o Pre- (new) vs. Post-aged (6 years)

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Image /page/9/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo for Thayer Medical. The logo consists of the words "THAYER MEDICAL" in a sans-serif font, with "THAYER" stacked on top of "MEDICAL". Above the text is a graphic of a square with rounded corners, filled with a grid of circles. Above the square, there are three rows of dots that decrease in number from bottom to top.

LiteAire® 510(k) Summary Page 7 of 9

  • Results: There were no differences in appearance, pop-ability and ● collapsibility, Total Emitted Dose, Course Particle Dose or Fine Particle Dose between the new and aged devices. Furthermore, the inhalation and exhalation valve resistances of both devices were found to be acceptably low.
  • Environmental and mechanical testing (part of Simulated Life Cycle testing) ●
    • o Temperature and Humidity testing
    • Valve Resistance testing o
      • . Results: There were no differences in Total Emitted Dose, Course Particle Dose, Fine Particle Dose and breakability upon dropping between the new devices and devices exposed to high temperature and humidity. Furthermore, the inhalation and exhalation valve resistances of "exposed" devices were found to be acceptably low.
  • Anti-static surface resistivity testing (according to ASTM-D-257, NFPA-99 and ● MIL-PRF-81705D)
    • Results: A static dissipative or anti-static surface measures 4.7 $\mu$ m),( $\mu$ g/actuation) | 0 – 2.81 | 0–0 | 0.69 – 1.82 |
      | Fine Particle Dose
      (4.7 µm), (µg/actuation) | 0 - 2.28 | 0-0 | 0 - 3.42 |
      | Fine Particle Dose
      (