(48 days)
The ForceTriad™ is a full-featured electrosurgical generator intended for open and laparoscopic surgical procedures where the surgeon requires electrosurgical cutting, coagulation, or vessel sealing (tissue fusion). The generator is intended for use in general, laparoscopic and gynecologic surgical procedures where ligation of vessels, pulmonary vasculature, or lymph vessels, is desired. The system creates a vessel ligation (seal) by the application of bipolar electrosurgical RF energy (coagulation) to vessels interposed between the jaws of the device. The generator can also be used with standard bipolar devices where bipolar cutting or coagulation is desired.
The indications for use include general (including urologic, thoracic, plastic and reconstructive), laparoscopic, and gynecological procedures where electrosurgical cutting and coagulation of tissue, and sealing (fusion) of vessels, including pulmonary vessels, and tissue bundles is performed. including such procedures as bowel resections, hysterectomies (both vaginal and abdominal), laparoscopic cholesystectomies, laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomies, gall bladder procedures, Nissen fundoplication, adhesiolysis, oophorectomy, etc. The devices can be used on vessels (arteries, veins, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, lymph) up to 7mm and bundles as large as will fit in the jaws of the instruments.
The LigaSure tissue fusion function has not been shown to be effective for tubal sterilization or tubal coagulation for sterilization procedures. Do not use this function for these procedures.
The ForceTriad™ generator is a full-featured electrosurgical generator with monopolar, bipolar, and Valleylab LigaSure™ vessel sealing outputs. This 510(k) only applies to the LigaSure™ Vessel sealing portion of the generator. The generator is electrically isolated, microcontroller-based device, incorporating closed-loop control for all output modes implemented in the microcontroller firmware. The generator incorporates Instant Response™ technology to constantly measure the electrical impedance of the tissue and instantaneously adjust the generator output to maintain the desired power.
The generator is used with a selection of instruments designed for use with the ForceTriad and the LigaSure Vessel Sealing generator. All of the instruments are capable of sealing vessels up to, and including, 7mm, and tissue bundles as large as can fit in the jaws of each instrument. When a LigaSure™ instrument is applied to a vessel or tissue bundle and RF energy is applied, the collagen and elastin in the tissues are reformed by heat and pressure to fuse vessel walls, thereby forming a permanent seal. The microprocessor in the generator monitors the tissue properties, stops the application of energy, and allows a brief period of cooling before indicating that cycle is complete.
No changes are being made to the design or operation of any of the devices within the current system. The change as proposed in this 510(k) notification is to the intended use as described above and the resulting labeling changes.
This document describes the ForceTriad™ Electrosurgical Generator, specifically its LigaSure™ Vessel Sealing System component. The submission is a 510(k) for a change in intended use and labeling, as the technological characteristics of the device have not been modified.
Here's an analysis of the provided information regarding acceptance criteria and supporting studies:
-
A table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance
The document does not explicitly state quantitative acceptance criteria in a table format. However, it implicitly defines successful performance for the LigaSure™ vessel sealing function:
Acceptance Criteria (Implied) Reported Device Performance Effective sealing of pulmonary vasculature Pre-clinical studies (acute and chronic) and bench testing have shown that the ForceTriad Electrosurgical Generator effectively seals pulmonary vasculature. Seals with burst pressures substantially greater than physiologic pressures in the vessels Pre-clinical studies (acute and chronic) and bench testing have shown that the ForceTriad Electrosurgical Generator produces seals with burst pressures substantially greater than the physiologic pressures in the vessels. Capability to seal vessels up to and including 7mm All of the instruments are capable of sealing vessels up to, and including, 7mm. The devices can be used on vessels (arteries, veins, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, lymph) up to 7mm. Capability to seal tissue bundles as large as can fit in the jaws of each instrument All of the instruments are capable of sealing tissue bundles as large as can fit in the jaws of each instrument. The devices can be used on... bundles as large as will fit in the jaws of the instruments. Formation of a permanent seal to fuse vessel walls When a LigaSure™ instrument is applied to a vessel or tissue bundle and RF energy is applied, the collagen and elastin in the tissues are reformed by heat and pressure to fuse vessel walls, thereby forming a permanent seal. The microprocessor in the generator monitors the tissue properties, stops the application of energy, and allows a brief period of cooling before indicating that cycle is complete. -
Sample sized used for the test set and the data provenance (e.g. country of origin of the data, retrospective or prospective)
The document states: "Pre-clinical studies (acute and chronic) and bench testing have shown that the ForceTriad Electrosurgical Generator effectively seals pulmonary vasculature..."
- Sample size: Not specified.
- Data provenance: Not specified, but "pre-clinical studies" generally implies laboratory or animal studies, and "bench testing" is laboratory-based. No information on country of origin is provided. Both would be considered prospective studies in their design.
-
Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts (e.g. radiologist with 10 years of experience)
Not applicable. The performance is assessed through objective biophysical measurements (e.g., burst pressure) and physical observation of sealing, not through expert human interpretation of images or clinical outcomes that require expert consensus for ground truth.
-
Adjudication method (e.g. 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set
Not applicable. Adjudication methods like 2+1 are typically used for establishing ground truth from multiple human readers, often in image-based diagnostic studies. This study relies on objective physical measurements and observations.
-
If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance
Not applicable. This is a medical device performance study, not a diagnostic AI study involving human readers.
-
If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done
Yes, the performance data presented is for the device operating in a standalone manner. The device itself (the ForceTriad™ Electrosurgical Generator with its LigaSure™ functionality) is assessed based on its ability to achieve effective vessel sealing and high burst pressures, without human intervention in the sealing process once initiated. The human's role is in operating the device, not in interpreting its output for the technical performance measurements.
-
The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc)
The ground truth is established through objective biophysical measurements (e.g., burst pressure testing) and direct observation of physical outcomes (e.g., effective sealing/fusion of vessels). This type of ground truth is based on engineering and physiological principles rather than expert interpretation of medical data.
-
The sample size for the training set
Not applicable. This device is not an AI/machine learning model in the sense that it requires a "training set" of data to develop its algorithm. The device's operation is based on established electrosurgical principles and a microcontroller-based closed-loop control system. Its parameters are likely determined through engineering design and validation, not a data-driven training process.
-
How the ground truth for the training set was established
Not applicable, as there is no "training set" in the context of this electrosurgical generator's design and validation described here.
§ 878.4400 Electrosurgical cutting and coagulation device and accessories.
(a)
Identification. An electrosurgical cutting and coagulation device and accessories is a device intended to remove tissue and control bleeding by use of high-frequency electrical current.(b)
Classification. Class II.