The remOVE DC Impulse is a medical electrical device for fragmentation of OTSC® (endoscopic device for effective treatment of hemorrhage and acute or chronic wall defects in the GI tract) and FTRD® (endoscopic device for full-thickness resection of colorectal wall lesions) clips made by Ovesco Endoscopy AG for the digestive tract.

The remOVE DC Cutter Set is a set of instruments for use in flexible endoscopy. It consists of a bipolar DC instrument for the fragmentation of OTSC (endoscopic device for effective treatment of hemorrhage and acute or chronic wall defects in the GI tract) and FTRD (endoscopic device for full-thickness resection of colorectal wall lesion) clips from Ovesco Endoscopy AG, a pair of forceps and a cap for removal of these fragmented clips,

Device Description

The remOVE System is comprised of the DC Impulse generator and the DC Cutter Set for the fragmentation and removal of OTSC ("over the scope clip" cleared under K101428) and FTRD ("full thickness resection device" cleared under K153550) clips from the digestive tract.

DC Impulse:
The DC Impulse is an electrical generator that produces pulsed, direct current (DC) to cut OTSC and FTRD clips. The DC Impulse generator is equipped with internal energy storage, allowing the device to generate pulsed DC without additional load on the power supply. The internal energy storage is charged before delivering the pulsed DC. DC Impulse is designed specifically for use with the DC Cutter and cannot be used with other instruments. Components required for operating the DC Impulse generator are a foot switch, a DC cord for connection to the DC Cutter instrument, and a power cord. The DC Impulse and accessories are reusable.

DC Cutter Set:
The DC Cutter Set includes three components: DC Cutter instrument, SecureCap retrieval cap, and Grasper. The DC Cutter is a bipolar, direct current instrument for flexible endoscopy and is meant for use only with the DC Impulse generator and flexible endoscopes with a working channel diameter of 2.8 mm. It is connected to the DC Impulse generator via the DC cord. The Grasper is used to retrieve the clip fragments. The dimensions of the Grasper are 2200 mm in length and 2.3 mm in diameter. The set is provided sterile and intended for single use only.

AI/ML Overview

The provided text does not contain information about acceptance criteria and a study that proves the device meets them in the format typically used for AI/ML device evaluations (e.g., performance metrics like sensitivity, specificity, AUC). Instead, it describes regulatory information, device details, non-clinical/bench studies, animal studies, and limited clinical information (compassionate use cases) for a medical device called the "remOVE System," an endoscopic electrosurgical clip cutting system.

The "acceptance criteria" in this context are implicitly the fulfillment of various safety and effectiveness requirements demonstrated through the described studies. The "study that proves the device meets the acceptance criteria" refers to the entire body of evidence presented in the document, which supports the De Novo request.

However, I can extract the relevant information from the provided text and present it in a modified format as best as possible, aligning with the spirit of your request.

Acceptance Criteria and Study for the remOVE System

The provided document describes the regulatory approval process for the remOVE System, an endoscopic electrosurgical clip cutting system, via a De Novo request. The "acceptance criteria" are implicitly defined by the regulatory requirements and "Special Controls" outlined in the document, which focus on safety, effectiveness, biocompatibility, sterility, shelf-life, and usability. The "study that proves the device meets the acceptance criteria" refers to a combination of non-clinical bench testing, animal studies, and limited compassionate use clinical experience.

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

Acceptance Criteria (Implied from Special Controls & Risks)	Reported Device Performance (Summary from studies)
Functional Performance: - Usability (operability, field of view, comprehensibility of labeling) - Stress (device integrity over lifespan) - Compatibility (with specified instruments) - Reliability	Usability: Passed IEC 62366 testing; evaluated functional/operational aspects supporting safe/effective use. Key elements (operability, field of view, labeling comprehensibility) evaluated. Stress: DC Impulse generator passed all test cycles (165 A max, 75 ms pulse) over its lifespan; no deterioration. Compatibility: DC Cutter designed specifically for DC Impulse, cannot be used with other instruments. Reliability: Implied by successful stress testing and animal/clinical outcomes.
Electrical and Thermal Safety (e.g., unintended tissue damage, burns, perforations)	Compliant with IEC 60601-1; thermal safety evaluated via risk management; electrophysiological safety tests showed current/density below adverse effect thresholds. Animal studies evaluated thermal collateral tissue damage.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) (e.g., interference, electrical shock)	Compliant with IEC 60601-1-2.
Biocompatibility (for patient-contacting components, e.g., adverse tissue reaction)	DC Cutter Set (external communicating, limited contact) tested per ISO 10993-1; all results demonstrated acceptable biocompatibility profile.
Sterility (for components provided sterile, e.g., infection)	Ethylene Oxide (EO) sterilization validated per ISO 11135-1 (SAL of 10-6) for DC Cutter Set.
Shelf Life (continued sterility, package integrity, device functionality)	Labeled for 1 year based on accelerated aging (ASTM F1980-07); post-aging, devices passed integrity (seal strength, visual, dye penetration) and functional bench testing.
Tissue Damage Evaluation (in vivo, including thermal effects, and clip removal effectiveness)	Animal Studies: In vivo/ex vivo testing in esophagus, gastric wall, duodenum, colon. Evaluated safety and effectiveness of clip removal, thermal collateral tissue damage. Grasper and SecureCap functionality tested. "Results support safe and effective use."
Clinical Effectiveness & Safety (successful clip removal, absence of serious complications)	Compassionate Use (Europe): 11 patients: Complete retrieval in 10. One firmly ingrown piece left, no further consequences. All bleeding treatable. No changes in heart rhythm. Retrospective Study (74 patients incl. above): Clip removal successful in 72. Two not possible (epithelialized). 9 had fragment remain (deeply incorporated). No serious complications. Two minor bleedings treated. One superficial mucosal tear closed. 63 (of 74) had complete clip removal. "Overall, the information on the 74 cases support the safety and effectiveness." Compassionate Use (US): Approved requests, follow-up reports indicated successful procedures with no serious complications.
Labeling (instructions, shelf life, warnings, precautions)	Complies with 21 CFR 801 and special controls. Includes IFU, brochure, package labels. DC Cutter Set labeling includes shelf life.

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

The text primarily describes non-clinical and animal studies, along with limited human experience.

Human Data (Clinical Experience):
- Sample Size: 11 patients (European compassionate use) + 63 additional patients for a total of 74 patients (retrospective study in Europe, including the initial 11). Additionally, unspecified "several compassionate use requests" in the United States.
- Data Provenance: Europe (initial 11 and the retrospective 74 patients), United States (additional compassionate use cases).
- Retrospective or Prospective: The 74-patient study is explicitly called a "retrospective study on the compassionate use." The initial 11 patients were part of "compassionate use" experience. US compassionate use cases are also described retrospectively.
Animal Studies:
- Sample Size: Not specified (e.g., number of animals or procedures).
- Data Provenance: Not specified, assumed controlled laboratory setting.
- Retrospective or Prospective: Not specified, generally considered prospective for controlled studies.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and Qualifications of Those Experts

This information is not provided in the text. The "clinical information" is from compassionate use cases and a retrospective study, where outcomes were likely assessed by the treating clinicians rather than a panel of independent experts establishing a "ground truth" for a predefined test set in a typical AI/ML validation context.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

This information is not provided. Given the nature of the clinical data (compassionate use and retrospective review), a formal adjudication method by a panel of experts is highly unlikely to have been employed in the manner typical for AI/ML validation studies.

5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

No, an MRMC comparative effectiveness study involving human readers and AI assistance was not done. The remOVE System is a mechanical/electrical device, not an AI/ML diagnostic or assistive tool for human readers.

6. If a Standalone (i.e., algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

The concept of "standalone performance" for an algorithm is not applicable here, as the remOVE System is a physical medical device (an electrosurgical clip cutting system) that requires human operation. It is not an AI algorithm. Its "standalone performance" would equate to its bench and animal study performance, which was indeed evaluated without human intervention in the decision-making process.

7. The Type of Ground Truth Used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc.)

For the human clinical data (compassionate use and retrospective study), the "ground truth" for success/failure of clip removal and complication assessment was based on clinical outcomes data as observed and documented by the treating physicians during and after the procedures. For animal studies, the "ground truth" for safety and effectiveness was based on direct observation of tissue damage, thermal effects, and device functionality. For bench testing, the ground truth was based on pre-defined performance specifications and measurement outcomes.

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

The concept of a "training set" is not applicable here. The remOVE System is a hardware device; it does not employ an AI/ML algorithm that requires a training set of data. Its design and development would have involved various engineering tests and iterations, but not data-driven "training" in the AI/ML sense.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

This question is not applicable as there is no AI/ML algorithm or training set for the remOVE System.

Summary

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DE NOVO CLASSIFICATION REQUEST FOR REMOVE SYSTEM

REGULATORY INFORMATION

FDA identifies this generic type of device as:

Endoscopic electrosurgical clip cutting system. An endoscopic electrosurgical clip cutting system is a prescription device that applies electrical energy to fragment metallic clips, which are devices placed in the digestive tract to close gastrointestinal perforations, hemorrhages, or perform resection. The system includes instruments that are then used to remove the fragmented clips from the digestive tract.

NEW REGULATION NUMBER: 21 CFR 876.4310

CLASSIFICATION: II

PRODUCT CODE: QAG

BACKGROUND

DEVICE NAME: remOVE System

SUBMISSION NUMBER: DEN160014

DATE OF DE NOVO: April 11, 2016

Ovesco Endoscopy AG SPONSOR: Dorfackerstrasse 26 Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg Germanv

INDICATIONS FOR USE

The remOVE System consists of the DC Impulse and the DC Cutter Set.

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LIMITATIONS

For prescription use only.

The remOVE System should not be used if the edges of clip for cutting are not visible.

The remOVE System is contraindicated if the clinical effect of the clip is still necessary.

PLEASE REFER TO THE LABELING FOR A MORE COMPLETE LIST OF WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS.

DEVICE DESCRIPTION

DC Impulse:

Image /page/1/Figure/8 description: The image shows the front of a DC Impulse electrical generator. The generator has several labeled components, including an on/off switch labeled as '1', an on/off display labeled as '2', and a status display labeled as '3'. There is also a connection for a foot-activated switch labeled as '4' and a connection for a DC cord labeled as '5'.

The DC Impulse is an electrical generator that produces pulsed, direct current (DC) to cut OTSC and FTRD clips. The DC Impulse generator is equipped with internal energy storage, allowing the device to generate pulsed DC without additional load on the power supply. The internal energy storage is charged before delivering the pulsed DC. DC Impulse is designed specifically for use with the DC Cutter and cannot be used with other instruments. Components required for operating the DC Impulse generator are a foot switch, a DC cord for connection to the DC Cutter instrument, and a power cord. The DC Impulse and accessories are reusable.

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DC Cutter Set:

Tip of DC Cutterinstrument	SecureCap	Grasper
Image: Tip of DC Cutter instrument	Image: SecureCap	Image: Grasper

Figure B: DC Cutter Set components including DC Cutter, SecureCap, and Grasper.

The DC Cutter Set includes three components: DC Cutter instrument, SecureCap retrieval cap, and Grasper. The DC Cutter is a bipolar, direct current instrument for flexible endoscopy and is meant for use only with the DC Impulse generator and flexible endoscopes with a working channel diameter of 2.8 mm. It is connected to the DC Impulse generator via the DC cord. The Grasper is used to retrieve the clip fragments. The dimensions of the Grasper are 2200 mm in length and 2.3 mm in diameter. The set is provided sterile and intended for single use only.

Specifications
Instrument type remOVE DC Cutter	Bipolar / direct current
One-time duration of impulse during activation	≤ 65 ms
Output current remOVE DC Cutter	155 A (≤ 165 A max)
Output voltage remOVE DC Cutter	1.3 – 2.0 V
Interval between activations	≥ 6 s

Table 1: remOVE System operational characteristics

Mode of Operation:

Image /page/2/Figure/7 description: The image shows three different diagrams. The first diagram shows a medical procedure being performed on a patient. The second diagram shows two different views, labeled 1 and 2, of a medical device. The third diagram shows a cross-section of a material being tested, with labels a and b indicating different parts of the testing apparatus.

Figure C: Steps of the remOVE System during use.

The figures above on the left and center show the device operation, specifically how the Cutter instrument is placed at the clip and positions suitable for clip fragmentation (1 and 2). The figure on the right shows a cross-section of the clip segment to be cut and the current path (Is) between the electrodes.

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The DC Impulse sends a pulse of direct current for duration of 60 ms through the bipolar. endoscopic DC Cutter instrument. A DC pulse delivers 155 A (b) (4) and 2 between the electrodes to fragment the clips.

After successfully fragmenting a clip (e.g., separating the clip at the two opposite locations), the DC Cutter is removed from the endoscope. The SecureCap retrieval cap is then attached on the tip of the endoscope and the Grasper is inserted to retrieve the clip fragments from the patient.

SUMMARY OF NONCLINICAL/BENCH STUDIES

BIOCOMPATIBILITY/MATERIALS

The DC Impulse does not contact the patient during use. The DC Cutter Set has the only patient-contacting components of the remOVE System. The DC Cutter Set is an external communicating device with limited contact ==================================================================================================================================== (b) (4) (4) and was tested for cytotoxicity, sensitization, and intracutaneous irritation testing as per ISO 10993-1. Biological evaluation of medical devices -Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management process. All results demonstrated an acceptable biocompatibility profile.

Component	Material / Trademark
Cutter	(b) (4)
Instrument tip	(b) (4)
Silicone coating	(b) (4)
Silicone glue	(b) (4)
Shrink tubing	(b) (4)
Instrument shaft coat	(b) (4)
SecureCap retrieval cap	(b) (4)
SecureCap retrieval cap	(b) (4)
Grasper	(b) (4)
Grasper tip	(b) (4)
Grasper sheath	(b) (4)

Table 2: DC Cutter Set Patient-Contacting Materials

SHELF LIFE/STERILITY

Cleaning instructions of the remOVE System components that are provided non-sterile are included in the labeling. The DC Cutter Set of the remOVE System is provided sterile and intended for single use only. Ethylene Oxide (EO) sterilization validation was conducted on the DC Cutter Set via the overkill approach at a sterility assurance level (SAL) of 10-6 in accordance with ISO 11135-1:2007. Sterilization of health care products - Ethylene oxide - Requirements for development, validation and routine control of a sterilization process for medical devices.

The shelf-life of the DC Cutter Set is labeled for 1 year based on accelerated aging testing

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equivalent to 1 year in accordance with ASTM F1980-07:2001. Standard guide for accelerated aging of sterile barrier systems for medical devices. Following aging, the devices were inspected for packaging integrity for seal strength, visual, and dye penetration testing. Aged devices also underwent functional bench testing to confirm acceptable performance, as described in the section titled Performance Testing - Bench.

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY

The remOVE System was tested for electromagnetic compatibility as per the requirements of IEC 60601-1-2:2007 (Third Edition), Medical electrical equipment part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements and tests. Test results demonstrated that the remOVE System is compliant to the requirements of this standard.

The remOVE System was tested for electrical and thermal safety as per the requirements of IEC 60601-1:2005 + Corr. 1 (2006) + Corr. 2 (2007) + AM1 (2012) or IEC 60601-1:2012. Medical electrical equipment Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance. Thermal safety of the device was also evaluated by a risk management process for temperatures and clinical effects to address the applied parts that are intended to supply electrical energy.

Electrophysiological safety of the device was tested to ensure that the high frequency currents from the device do not cause unintended, adverse cardiac effects. This testing was performed to evaluate neuromuscular stimulation, as a risk of applying high frequency direct current. The results from this testing were evaluated to demonstrate that the device application for current and current density specifications of the remOVE System is below the threshold that would illicit adverse effects.

PERFORMANCE TESTING - BENCH

Non-clinical performance bench testing was done with the remOVE System following natural aging and sterilization. Testing was conducted to evaluate functional performance for design verification and validation of the device.

Usability:

Usability testing with the remOVE System was conducted per IEC 62366:2007 (First Edition) + A1:2014, Medical Devices – Application of usability engineering to medical devices. Usability testing evaluated the functional and operational aspects of the device to support its safe and effective use. Key elements evaluated include operability of device over individual procedural steps, field of view, and comprehensibility of labeling materials.

Stress:

The DC Impulse generator and components underwent stress testing by repeatedly simulating the pulse mode (165 A max over 75 ms) that it would be subject to over its lifespan. The device and components passed all test cvcles and there was no

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deterioration of the equipment caused by the energy flows.

Additional functional testing on the remOVE System was performed as part of the animal studies.

PERFORMANCE TESTING - ANIMAL &/OR CADAVER

Tissue Models:

Tension and compression tests were performed on the SecureCap accessory of the DC Cutter Set to determine the force required to place and remove the SecureCap on an endoscope during a procedure and this testing showed that there were no negative impacts on the SecureCap. Also, the SecureCap was tested to show that its functional capabilities are upheld when the Grasper component of the DC Cutter Set is used and the clip fragment is pulled into the cap and withdrawn using the endoscope. These tests used models of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts fitted with porcine tissue organs.

Animal Studies:

In vivo and ex vivo animal testing was performed with the remOVE System in esophagus, gastric wall, duodenum, and colon to evaluate safety and effectiveness of the device application to remove the gastrointestinal clip. Also, the animal studies evaluated thermal collateral tissue damage as a risk of the device procedure. The Grasper and SecureCap were also tested in the animal study to evaluate the functionality of the components during application. The results of the animal studies support the safe and effective use of the device.

SUMMARY OF CLINICAL INFORMATION

Clinical experience with the remOVE System includes the compassionate use of the device on 11 patients in Europe. Complete retrieval of all clip fragments was possible in 10 patients. In one patient, a firmly ingrown piece of the clip was left in place, which was without further consequences. All bleeding was treatable with common hemostatic endoscopic techniques. Three-channel electrocardiogram monitoring during the procedure did not show any changes in heart rhythm. Also, a retrospective study was conducted on the compassionate use of the device in a total of 74 patients treated with the remOVE System (including the 11 above). Clip removal was successful in 72 patients. In the two remaining cases, clip removal was not possible, because the clip was completely epithelialized. In 9 of the 74 patients, a clip fragment remained in the intestinal wall because it was deeply incorporated and could not be removed. No serious complications were observed. In two patients, minor bleeding was discovered near the clip removal site and was conventionally treated with epinephrine injections. In one patient, a superficial mucosal tear was found at the clip removal site of the stomach and was closed endoscopically with endo-clips. Sixty three (63) of the 74 patients had complete clip removal. Overall, the information on the 74 cases support the safety and effectiveness of the remOVE System for its intended use.

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Additionally, the remOVE System has been the subject of several compassionate use requests that were approved for use in the United States. Follow-up reports indicate that the procedures were performed successfully with no serious complications.

Pediatric Extrapolation

In this De Novo request, existing clinical information was not leveraged to support the use of the device in a pediatric patient population.

LABELING

The remOVE System complies with the labeling requirements for prescription devices under 21 CFR 801 and the special controls for this device type. The device labeling includes the DC Impulse Instructions for Use, the DC Cutter Set Instructions for Use, the remOVE System brochure, and package labels. (b) (4)

-The DC Cutter Set labeling includes a shelf life as it is a single use device. The labeling materials include relevant information on the proper use and function of the device, its intended use, contraindications, and appropriate warnings and precautions for its safe and effective use during its shelf-life.

RISKS TO HEALTH

The table below identifies the risks to health that may be associated with use of the endoscopic electrosurgical clip cutting system and the measures necessary to mitigate these risks.

Identified Risks to Health	Mitigation Measures
Unintended tissue damage(burns, perforations, bleeding)	Animal performance testing
	Non-clinical performance testing
	Electrical and thermal safety testing
	Usability testing
	Labeling
Electromagnetic interference /Electrical shock	Electromagnetic compatibility testing
	Electrical safety testing
	Labeling
Adverse tissue reaction	Biocompatibility evaluation
Infection	Sterilization validation
	Shelf life testing
	Labeling

Table 3: Identified Risks to Health and Mitigation Measures

SPECIAL CONTROLS:

In combination with the general controls of the FD&C Act, the endoscopic electrosurgical clip cutting system is subject to the following special controls:

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1. Non-clinical performance testing must demonstrate that the device performs as intended under anticipated conditions of use. The following performance characteristics must be tested:
- a. Performance bench testing to evaluate the functionality (including stress, compatibility, usability, and reliability) of the device during use.
- b. Electrical and thermal safety testing
- c. Electromagnetic compatibility testing
1. Animal testing must evaluate tissue damage, including thermal effects, during the clip removal procedure. This testing should also evaluate usability and effectiveness of the device.
1. The patient-contacting components of the device must be demonstrated to be biocompatible.
Performance data must demonstrate the sterility of the device components intended to be 4. provided sterile.
1. Performance data must support shelf life by demonstrating continued sterility of the device (or the sterile components), package integrity, and device functionality over the labeled shelf life.
1. Labeling of the device must include:
- a. Instructions for use.
- b. A shelf life for single use components.

BENEFIT/RISK DETERMINATION

The risks of the device are based on nonclinical laboratory and animal studies as well as data collected in the clinical experiences described above. Probable risks with the use of the device include: unintended tissue damage (thermal or electrical effects to the digestive tract, hemorrhages, perforations, infections). The probability of such harmful events is low and occurrence can be managed.

The probable benefits of the device are also based on nonclinical laboratory and animal studies as well as data collected in the clinical experiences described above.

Following are probable benefits:

Safe and effective removal of OTSC and FTRD clips. ●
Currently, there is no method or device available for this procedure. .

Patient Perspectives

This submission did not include specific information on patient perspectives for this device.

Benefit/Risk Conclusion

In conclusion, given the available information above, the data support that for the removal of metallic clips from the digestive tract, the probable benefits outweigh the probable risks for the remOVE System. The device provides benefits and the probable risks can be mitigated by the use of general controls and the identified special controls.

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CONCLUSION

The De Novo request for the remOVE System is granted and the device is classified under the following:

Product Code: QAG Device Type: Endoscopic electrosurgical clip cutting system Class: II Regulation: 21 CFR 876.4310

Regulation Number and Section

§ 876.4310 Endoscopic electrosurgical clip cutting system.

(a)
Identification. An endoscopic electrosurgical clip cutting system is a prescription device that applies electrical energy to fragment metallic clips, which are devices placed in the digestive tract to close gastrointestinal perforations, hemorrhages, or perform resection. The system includes instruments that are then used to remove the fragmented clips from the digestive tract.(b)
Classification. Class II (special controls). The special controls for this device are:(1) Non-clinical performance testing must demonstrate that the device performs as intended under anticipated conditions of use. The following performance characteristics must be tested:
(i) Performance bench testing to evaluate the functionality (including stress, compatibility, usability, and reliability) of the device during use;
(ii) Electrical and thermal safety testing; and
(iii) Electromagnetic compatibility testing.
(2) Animal testing must evaluate tissue damage, including thermal effects, during the clip removal procedure. This testing must also evaluate usability and effectiveness of the device.
(3) The patient-contacting components of the device must be demonstrated to be biocompatible.
(4) Performance data must demonstrate the sterility of the device components intended to be provided sterile.
(5) Performance data must support shelf life by demonstrating continued sterility of the device (or the sterile components), package integrity, and device functionality over the labeled shelf life.
(6) Labeling of the device must include:
(i) Instructions for use, and
(ii) A shelf life for single use components.