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The Ball Fiducial Markers are intended to be implanted into the body to accurately visualize and constitute the reference frame for stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy target localization. Specifically, they can be used in intracranial diseases such as gliomas, neuromas, meningiomas, astrocytomas, arteriovenous malformations, and metastatic carcinomas. Additionally, they can be used in the body for treating hepatic, pancreatic, retroperitoneal, paraspinal, skeletal, prostatic and breast tumors.

The Cosman Ball Fiducial Markers have similar physical and technical characteristics to the predicate devices.

The provided document is a 510(k) summary for the Cosman Ball Fiducial Markers. It states that the device is "substantially equivalent" to a predicate device (CIVCO MEDICAL SOLUTIONS, Fiducial Markers) and is "safe and effective for indicated intended use." However, it does not contain the specific information requested regarding acceptance criteria and a study proving those criteria are met.

Specifically, the document does not include:

• A table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance.
• Sample sizes for test sets, training sets, or data provenance.
• Information on the number or qualifications of experts used for ground truth.
• Adjudication methods.
• Details of any Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness studies or their effect sizes.
• Information on standalone algorithm performance.
• The type of ground truth used (e.g., pathology, outcomes data).
• How ground truth for any training set was established.

The document is a regulatory submission focused on demonstrating substantial equivalence to a previously cleared device, not a detailed performance study report. The core of its argument for safety and effectiveness is simply that it has similar physical and technical characteristics to the predicate device.

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