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The sterEOS Workstation is intended for use in the fields of musculoskeletal radiology and orthopedics in both pediatric and adult populations as a general device for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When using 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS Imaging EOS System, the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools:

• · To aid in the analysis of scoliosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine in adult patients as well as pediatric patients. The 3D measurement tools interactive analysis based either on identification of anatomical landmarks for postural assessment, or on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data for spine model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual vertebral abnormalities and is indicated only for patients 7 years and older. For postural assessment, a set of comparative tools is provided allowing the comparison of performed measurements to reference values for patients over 18 years old.
• · To aid in the analysis of lower limbs alignment and related disorders and deformities based on angle and length measurements. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based either on identification of lower limb alignment landmarks or as for the spine, on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual bone abnormalities. The 3D package including model-based measurements and torsion angles is indicated only for patients 15 years or older. Only the 2D/3D ruler is indicated for measurements in patients younger than 15 years old.

The sterEOS Workstation is a general system for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system, including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When used with 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS imaging's EOS System (K152788), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of skeletal deformities in spine and lower limbs.

The provided text describes a 510(k) premarket notification for the sterEOS Workstation, a device for processing 2D X-ray images and providing 3D measurement tools for skeletal deformities. The submission focuses on revisions to contraindications for spine modeling and minor software/hardware modifications.

However, the document does not contain the detailed information required to fill out a table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance based on a rigorous study. The "Performance Data" section primarily discusses functional testing and verification of software modifications, rather than a clinical study with specific performance metrics against acceptance criteria.

Here's an analysis of what is available and what is missing based on your request:

1. Table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance:

• Missing. The document mentions "compliance with specifications, performance and non-regression" for software modifications, and that "additional performance and functional testing has confirmed the equivalent performance of the modified sterEOS Workstation compared to the predicate sterEOS." However, it does not specify what those specifications, performance metrics, or acceptance criteria were, nor does it provide quantified results of the performance against said criteria.

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance:

• For the modification related to contraindications: "functional testing of the spine 3D modeling workflows for the no longer contraindicated types of spine with extra vertebra, spine with missing vertebra, and spine with spondylolisthesis." This implies a test set composed of such cases, but the exact sample size is not stated. The data provenance is not explicitly mentioned (e.g., country of origin, retrospective/prospective).
• For the training set of the original model: "a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data for spine modeling." This refers to the data used for the original 3D spine model, not necessarily a test set for the modifications presented in this 510(k). This data would likely be considered retrospective.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts:

• For the functional evaluation study on revised contraindications: "a functional evaluation study conducted by internal experienced radiographers from EOS imaging."
  • Number of experts: Not specified, but plural ("radiographers") implies more than one.
  • Qualifications: "internal experienced radiographers from EOS imaging." Further specific qualifications (e.g., years of experience, board certification) are not provided.
• For the original model (when establishing its ground truth): Not stated in this document.

4. Adjudication method for the test set:

• Not specified. The document mentions a "functional evaluation study conducted by internal experienced radiographers," but does not detail how their findings were reconciled or adjudicated.

5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done:

• No. The document does not describe an MRMC study comparing human readers with and without AI assistance. The functional evaluation study was to verify "ease to perform a 3D modeling and to obtain an adjusted outline," not a comparative effectiveness study involving human readers' diagnostic accuracy or efficiency with AI assistance.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

• The "functional testing of the spine 3D modeling workflows" evaluated the software's ability to model specific spine types. While this involves the algorithm's performance, it's not described as a formal standalone performance study with specific quantitative metrics like sensitivity, specificity, or comparable clinical endpoints. The "functional evaluation study" involved radiographers, indicating a human-in-the-loop component for verification.

7. The type of ground truth used:

• For the functional evaluation of revised contraindications: The ground truth appears to be the ability of the software to successfully perform 3D modeling and provide an adjusted outline that matches the vertebrae for the previously contraindicated spine types. This is based on expert visual assessment ("internal experienced radiographers"). It's more of a qualitative "functional" ground truth rather than a clinical diagnostic ground truth like pathology or long-term outcomes.
• For the original model: Ground truth for the "model of bone structures" was derived from "an a priori image data set from 175 patients" and "dry isolated vertebrae data for spine modeling." How the ground truth for these foundational datasets was established is not detailed in this document.

8. The sample size for the training set:

• "a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data for spine modeling." This refers to the data used to build the original 3D model, which serves as a training or development set for the model itself.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

• Not detailed in this document. It states the model was "derived from an a priori image data set," but how the ground truth for those 175 patient cases or the dry isolated vertebrae was established (e.g., manual annotation by experts, specific measurements, pathology) is not described here.

Ask a specific question about this device

The sterEOS Workstation is intended for use in the fields of musculoskeletal radiology and orthopediativ and adult populations as a general device for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When using 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS imaging EOS System, the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools:

• To aid in the analysis of scoliosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine in adult patients. The 3D measurement tools interactive analysis based either on identification of anatomical landmarks for postural assessment or on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data for spine modeling. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual vertebral abnormalities and is indicated only for patients 7 years and older. For postural assessment, a set of comparative tools is provided allowing the comparison of performed measurements to reference values for patients over 18 years old.
• To aid in the analysis of lower limbs alignment and deformities based on angle and length measurements. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based either on identification of lower limb alignment landmarks or as for the spine, on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual bone abnormalities. The 3D package including model-based measurements and torsion angles is indicated only for patients 15 years or older. Only the 2D/3D ruler is indicated for measurements in patients younger than 15 years old.

The sterEOS Workstation is a general system for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system, including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When used with 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS imaging's EOS System (K152788), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of skeletal deformities in spine and lower limbs.

The provided text appears to be a 510(k) summary for the sterEOS Workstation, a medical device for processing X-ray images, and not a study with detailed acceptance criteria and performance data. Therefore, the information requested in the prompt, especially regarding specific acceptance criteria, study methodologies, and quantitative results like sample sizes for test and training sets, number and qualifications of experts, and MRMC study effect sizes, is not present in the provided document.

The document discusses that the device has undergone software verification and validation testing to confirm compliance with specifications, performance, and non-regression. It also states that additional performance and functional testing was performed, and this testing "confirmed the equivalent performance of the modified sterEOS Workstation compared to the predicate sterEOS." However, it does not provide the details of these tests, such as the specific acceptance criteria, the actual performance metrics, or the study methodologies used.

The document states that the new device is "substantially equivalent" to its predicate device (K14137 sterEOS Workstation) due to having the same intended use, similar technological characteristics, and minor differences that do not raise new questions of safety or effectiveness. This suggests that the approval is based on demonstrating equivalence rather than meeting new, specific acceptance criteria through a standalone clinical study detailed in this summary.

Therefore, I cannot populate the table or answer the specific questions because the detailed information about acceptance criteria and the comprehensive study results are not provided in this 510(k) summary.

Here's a summary of what is available related to the request, and what is missing:

The 510(k) summary indicates that the sterEOS Workstation is a software upgrade to an existing device (K14137). The basis for approval is "substantial equivalence" to the predicate.

Missing Information:

• Detailed Acceptance Criteria and Performance Data: The summary states "performance data demonstrate that the device is as safe and effective," but it does not provide a table with specific acceptance criteria (e.g., minimum accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity for 3D measurements) or the reported device performance against those criteria.
• Sample sizes for test set and data provenance: Not mentioned.
• Number of experts and qualifications for ground truth: Not mentioned.
• Adjudication method: Not mentioned.
• MRMC comparative effectiveness study: Not mentioned. The focus is on demonstrating equivalence to the predicate device.
• Standalone performance study: The document refers to "software verification and validation testing" and "additional performance and functional testing" which imply standalone testing, but no detailed results or methodology for such a study (beyond "equivalent performance") are provided.
• Type of ground truth used (for performance testing): Not specified.
• Sample size for the training set: The "model of bone structures" for spine analysis is derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal, 47 moderate idiopathic scoliosis, 37 severe idiopathic scoliosis) and dry isolated vertebrae data for spine modeling. This 175-patient dataset likely serves as the basis for the model, which could be considered training/development data for the model-based measurements. For lower limbs, it also mentions "a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set," but doesn't specify the size or nature of this dataset here.
• How ground truth for the training set was established: Not explicitly stated, though for the 175-patient spine data, it implies clinical diagnoses (normal, moderate/severe idiopathic scoliosis).

In conclusion, the provided document is a regulatory submission focused on demonstrating substantial equivalence rather than a detailed scientific study report. It states that performance testing confirmed equivalence but does not offer the granular data requested.

Ask a specific question about this device

The sterEOS Workstation is intended for use in the fields of musculoskeletal radiology and orthopedics in both pediatric and adult populations as a general device for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When using 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS Imaging EOS System, the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools:

• To aid in the analysis of scoliosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine in adult patients as well as pediatric patients. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based either on identification of anatomical landmarks for postural assessment or on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data for spine modeling. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual vertebral abnormalities and is indicated only for patients 7 years and older. For postural assessment, a set of comparative tools is provided allowing the comparison of performed measurements to reference values for patients over 18 years old.
• To aid in the analysis of lower limbs alignment and related disorders and deformities based on angle and length measurements. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based either on identification of lower limb alignment landmarks or as for the spine, on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual bone abnormalities. The 3D package including model-based measurements and torsion angles is indicated only for patients 15 years or older. Only the 2D/3D ruler is indicated for measurements in patients younger than 15 years old.

The sterEOS Workstation is a general system for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system, including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When used with 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS imaging's EOS System (K123740), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of skeletal deformities in spine and lower limbs.

The provided text is a 510(k) Summary for the sterEOS Workstation, which describes modifications to an already cleared device. It explicitly states, "Additional performance and functional testing has confirmed the equivalent performance of the modified sterEOS compared to the predicate sterEOS workstation." However, it does not provide specific acceptance criteria or detailed study results (like sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, or effect size for MRMC studies). It generally refers to verification and validation activities.

Therefore, many of the requested details about acceptance criteria, study specifics, and ground truth establishment are not present in the provided document.

Here's a breakdown of what can be extracted and what is missing:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

Explanation: The document does not list specific numerical acceptance criteria (e.g., "accuracy > 90%"). Instead, it states that testing confirmed equivalent performance to the predicate device.

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

• Sample Size: Not specified for performance testing. The "a priori image data set" used for model training includes 175 patients (91 normal, 47 moderate idiopathic scoliosis, 37 severe idiopathic scoliosis) but it's not explicitly stated this was the test set for the specific device modifications.
• Data Provenance: Not specified for the performance testing. For the model training data, it comes from an "a priori image data set," but specific country of origin or whether it's retrospective/prospective is not mentioned.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and Qualifications of Those Experts

• Number of Experts: Not specified.
• Qualifications of Experts: Not specified.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

• Adjudication Method: Not specified.

5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study Was Done

• MRMC Study: No, an MRMC comparative effectiveness study is not mentioned. The document focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence of the modified device to its predicate, rather than comparing human readers with and without AI assistance.

6. If a Standalone (Algorithm Only Without Human-in-the-Loop Performance) Was Done

• Standalone Performance: The description of "Performance Data" and "Software modifications have been verified at the unit level. After integration, system software V&V testing was performed..." implies standalone verification of the software's functionality. However, specific performance metrics for this standalone evaluation (e.g., accuracy of model-based measurements compared to ground truth) are not provided. The device itself is described as providing "interactive 3D measurement tools," suggesting a human-in-the-loop use case.

7. The Type of Ground Truth Used

• Type of Ground Truth: Not explicitly stated for the device's performance testing. For the model of bone structures used in the 3D measurement tools, the data set included "dry isolated vertebrae data for spine modeling," which would serve as a form of anatomical ground truth for the model's development. However, how the ground truth for evaluating the measurements produced by the device was established is not detailed.

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

• Sample Size for Training Set: The "model of bone structures" used in the 3D measurement tools was "derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data for spine modeling." This dataset served for the development of the model, which is analogous to a training set.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

• Ground Truth for Training Set: For the "model of bone structures," the ground truth was established using an "a priori image data set" from 175 patients and "dry isolated vertebrae data." The "dry isolated vertebrae data" implies direct anatomical measurement as a ground truth for the morphology of individual vertebrae. For the patient image data, the method for establishing ground truth measurements (e.g., expert manual measurements) is not explicitly described, but the context implies that these images and associated clinical conditions (normal, moderate, severe scoliosis) served as the basis for model development.

Ask a specific question about this device

The sterEOS Workstation is intended for use in the fields of musculoskeletal radiology and orthopedics in both pediatric and adult populations as a general device for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When using 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS Imaging EOS System, the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools:

• To aid in the analysis of scoliosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine in adult patients as well as pediatric patients 7 years and older. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual vertebral abnormalities.
• To aid in the analysis of lower limbs alignment and related disorders and deformities based on angle and length measurements. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based either on identification of lower limb alignment landmarks or as for the spine, on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual bone abnormalities. The 3D package including model-based measurements and torsion angles is indicated only for patients 15 years or older. Only the 2D/3D ruler is indicated for measurements in patients younger than 15 years old.

The sterEOS Workstation is a general system for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system, including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When used with 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS imaging's EOS System (K120721 and K123740), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of skeletal deformities in spine and lower limbs.

The provided text is a 510(k) summary for the sterEOS Workstation. It describes the device, its intended use, and states that performance data demonstrate substantial equivalence to predicate devices, but lacks detailed acceptance criteria and a specific study proving the device meets them.

Therefore, I cannot provide the requested information. The document states:

• "Software modifications have been verified at the unit level."
• "After integration, system software V&V testing was performed to ensure compliance with specifications, performance and non-regression."
• "Additional performance and functional testing has confirmed the equivalent performance of the modified sterEOS compared to the predicate sterEOS workstation."
• "Performance data demonstrate that the device is as safe and effective as the company's cleared sterEOS device and, thus, is substantially equivalent."

However, it does not provide:

• A table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance.
• Sample sizes for a test set, data provenance, or details about ground truth establishment for a test set.
• Information on expert usage or adjudication methods for ground truth for a test set.
• Details about MRMC comparative effectiveness studies or standalone algorithm performance.
• Type of ground truth used for performance evaluation (e.g., pathology, outcomes data).
• Sample size for training set or how ground truth was established for a training set.

This 510(k) emphasizes substantial equivalence through verification and validation of software modifications and functional testing, rather than a clinical performance study with specific acceptance criteria and detailed reporting of performance metrics. The information about the "a priori image data set from 175 patients" is described as supporting the model of bone structures used for interactive 3D measurement tools, not as a test set for performance evaluation of the sterEOS workstation itself.

Ask a specific question about this device

The sterEOS Workstation is intended for use in the fields of musculoskeletal radiology and orthopedics in both pediatric and adult populations as a general device for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When using 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS Imaging EOS System (K071546), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools:

To aid in the analysis of scoliosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine in adult patients as well as pediatric patients 7 years and older. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual vertebral abnormalities.

To aid in the analysis of lower limbs alignment and related disorders and deformities based on angle and length measurement . The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based either on identification of lower limb alignment landmarks or as for the spine, on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual bone abnormalities. The 3D package including model-based measurements and torsion angles is indicated only for patients 15 years or older. Only the 2D/3D ruler is indicated for measurements in patients younger than 15 years old.

The sterEOS Workstation is a general system for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system, including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When used with 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS imaging's EOS System (K071546), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of skeletal deformities in spine and lower limbs.

The provided text describes the sterEOS Workstation, a device for processing 2D X-ray images, and its 3D measurement tools for spine and lower limb deformities. The performance data section is brief and focuses on the validation for severe scoliosis, but it does not specify clear acceptance criteria or detailed study methodologies beyond what is presented below.

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

The document does not explicitly state the sample size used for the performance evaluation of the interactive 3D measurement tools for Cobb's angle > 50°. It only refers to "X-ray clinical images."

The provenance of the data (e.g., country of origin, retrospective or prospective) for this specific validation is not mentioned.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish Ground Truth for the Test Set and Their Qualifications

The document does not provide details on the number of experts used or their qualifications for establishing ground truth specifically for the test set used to validate the performance for Cobb's angle > 50°. It only refers to "conventional measurement methods performed on native X-ray images" as the comparison.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

The adjudication method for the test set is not described in the provided text.

5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study Was Done

The document does not mention a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study. The performance evaluation focuses on comparing the device's automatic measurements with "conventional measurement methods," implying a comparison against established, presumably manual, measurement techniques rather than an AI-assisted human reader study.

6. If a Standalone (Algorithm Only Without Human-in-the-Loop Performance) Was Done

Yes, a standalone performance evaluation appears to have been done. The text states: "Accuracy and precision of the automatic measurements computed from the 3D model of the spine...have been confirmed." This indicates that the algorithm's performance (automatic measurements) was evaluated against conventional methods. While the tool is interactive, the reported performance is for the "automatic measurements."

7. The Type of Ground Truth Used

The ground truth used for the performance evaluation of the 3D measurements for scoliosis appears to be based on conventional measurement methods performed on native X-ray images. This implies expert-derived measurements using traditional techniques as the reference standard.

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

The model of bone structures for the spine and lower limbs was derived from an "a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data." This describes the data used to develop the underlying 3D models which the interactive tools use. It can be considered the training data for the model generation.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

The document does not explicitly state how the ground truth for the 175-patient a priori image data set was established. It only mentions the composition of the dataset (normal, moderate idiopathic scoliosis, severe idiopathic scoliosis). It can be inferred that these classifications would have been based on clinical assessment and measurements by medical professionals.

Ask a specific question about this device

The sterEOS Workstation is intended for use in the fields of musculoskeletal radiology and orthopedics in both pediatric and adult populations as a general PACS device for acceptance. transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When using 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS Imaging EOS System (K071546), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools:

• to aid in the analysis of scoliosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine in adult patients as well as pediatric patients 7 years and older. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data. The model of bone structures is not intended for use in patients with a Cobb's angle > 50 degrees and is not intended for use to assess individual vertebral abnormalities.
• to aid in the analysis of lower limbs alignment and related disorders and deformities based on angle and length measurements. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based either on identification of lower limb alignment landmarks or as for the spine, on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set. The model of bone structures is not intended for use to assess individual bone abnormalities. The 3D package including model-based measurements and torsion angles is indicated only for patients 15 years or older. Only the 2D/3D ruler is indicated for measurements in patient younger than 15 years old.

The sterEOS Workstation is a system for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system, including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When used with 2D X-ray images obtained with the EOS Imaging EOS System (K071546), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of skeletal deformities in spine and lower limbs.

Here's a breakdown of the acceptance criteria and study information for the sterEOS Workstation, based on the provided text:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

The document does not explicitly state quantitative "acceptance criteria" with specific thresholds for accuracy or precision. Instead, it describes a "performance data" section that generally asserts the device's capabilities and equivalence. The key performance claim is for the lower limb measurement tools.

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

• Test Set Sample Size: The document does not explicitly state a separate "test set" sample size for the lower limb accuracy and precision validation.
  • The "3D reconstruction method" for the lower limb mentions a "database of clinical descriptors measured in 45 lower limbs of healthy adult subjects." This dataset seems to be used for defining the statistical inference and forming a priori models, rather than a distinct testing set for device validation after model creation. It's unclear if these 45 limbs were also part of the "X-ray clinical images" used for performance confirmation.
• Data Provenance: Not specified (e.g., country of origin, retrospective or prospective). The text only mentions "X-ray clinical images."

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish Ground Truth for the Test Set and Qualifications

The document does not provide details on the number of experts or their qualifications for establishing ground truth for the lower limb measurements. It only mentions "conventional measurement methods" as the comparison for "equivalent performance."

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

The document does not describe any adjudication method for the test set.

5. Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study

No multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study is mentioned for the lower limb measurements, nor is any effect size of human readers' improvement with AI assistance discussed. The performance data focuses on the device's standalone measurements compared to conventional methods.

6. Standalone (Algorithm Only) Performance Study

Yes, a standalone performance assessment was done. The "Performance Data" section explicitly states: "Accuracy and precision of the automatic measurements computed from the 3D model of the lower limbs have been confirmed... Results validate the interactive 3D measurement tools for lower limb assessment and demonstrate the equivalent performance of the device with conventional measurement methods performed on native X-ray images." This indicates an evaluation of the algorithm's output against a reference standard.

7. Type of Ground Truth Used

The ground truth for evaluating the lower limb measurements seems to be based on:

• "Conventional measurement methods performed on native X-ray images." This implies manual measurements made by experts directly on the images, which serves as a clinical reference.

8. Sample Size for the Training Set

• Spine Model: 175 patients (91 normal, 47 moderate idiopathic scoliosis, 37 severe idiopathic scoliosis) and 1628 cadaveric vertebrae. This dataset was used to derive the "a priori image data set" for the spine's 3D model.
• Lower Limb Model: 45 lower limbs of healthy adult subjects. This dataset was used to define the "statistical inference" for the parametric models of the tibia and femur.

9. How Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

The ground truth for the training sets (for both spine and lower limb models) was established through:

• Clinical descriptors/measurements: Data was derived from patient populations (e.g., normal, moderate/severe idiopathic scoliosis, healthy adults) and cadaveric vertebrae. These "clinical descriptors" would have been established measurements or observations relevant to bone structures and deformities.
• A priori image data set: This refers to the collection of pre-existing data from these patient populations that the models learned from.
• Morpho-realistic models: These are meshed CT volumes of spine/lower limbs, regionalized according to the parametric models, likely serving as detailed anatomical references during model development.

Essentially, the models were developed using a database of known anatomical and pathological characteristics. The document doesn't detail the process of how each individual "clinical descriptor" was established for the training data (e.g., if it was expert consensus on each patient's image, or from medical records, etc.), but it clearly states these were "measured" or derived from a database.

Ask a specific question about this device

The sterEOS Workstation is intended for use in the fields of musculoskeletal radiology and orthopedics in both pediatric and adult populations as a general PACS device for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When using 2D X-ray images obtained with the Biospace EOS System (K071546), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of scoliosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine in adult patients as well as pediatric patients 7 years and older. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data. The model of bone structures is not intended for use in patients with a Cobb's angle > 50 degrees and is not intended for use to assess individual vertebral abnormalities.

The sterEOS Workstation is a general picture archiving and communications storage system for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D X-ray images of the musculoskeletal system, including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When used with 2D X-ray images obtained with the Biospace EOS System (K071546), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of scoliosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine.

The provided text indicates that the sterEOS Workstation is a general PACS device with 2D and 3D measurement tools, particularly for scoliosis and spinal deformities. The performance data section broadly mentions "Accuracy studies of the 3D measurements were performed by using either anthropomorphic phantoms or patient images acquired with EOS system in hospitals. Results of these studies validate the 3D measurement tools of the software and demonstrate the equivalent performance of the device in both adult and pediatric populations."

However, the input does not contain specific acceptance criteria (e.g., minimum accuracy percentages, confidence intervals, comparison to a gold standard with numerical thresholds) or the detailed results of these studies. It also lacks information on sample sizes for test sets, data provenance, expert qualifications, adjudication methods, details of MRMC studies, standalone performance specifics, training set size, or how its ground truth was established.

Therefore, many parts of your request cannot be directly answered from the provided text.

Here's a summary of what can be extracted or inferred based on the given document, and where information is missing:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance

• Sample Size for Test Set: Not specified. The document mentions an "a priori image data set from 175 patients" used for a model of bone structures, but this is explicitly not the test set for performance evaluation of the 3D measurement tools themselves. This 175-patient dataset likely contributed to the development of the model, not necessarily the independent verification of its accuracy against new data.
• Data Provenance: "patient images acquired with EOS system in hospitals." The country of origin is not specified.
• Retrospective or Prospective: Not specified.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts

• Not specified. The document does not mention the use of experts for ground truth establishment in the performance studies.

4. Adjudication method for the test set

• Not specified.

5. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

• Not mentioned. The document focuses on the software's 3D measurement accuracy rather than its impact on human reader performance.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

• The performance studies seem to focus on the accuracy of the "3D measurement tools of the software," implying a standalone evaluation of the algorithm's output for these measurements. However, the exact methodology (e.g., whether a human user manually applied the tools, or if it was fully automated) is not detailed. The device is described as having "interactive 3D measurement tools," which might suggest human interaction is part of its intended use and thus part of its performance.

7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc.)

• For studies using anthropomorphic phantoms, the ground truth would be based on the known, precise dimensions of the phantom.
• For studies using patient images, the type of ground truth is not explicitly stated. Given it's measuring 3D anatomical structures from 2D X-rays, the ground truth would likely involve highly precise 3D imaging (e.g., CT, MRI) or a manual gold standard obtained by expert measurement using high-resolution 3D data if available, or direct measurements on the phantoms.

8. The sample size for the training set

• The document mentions "a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data." This 175-patient dataset, along with dry isolated vertebrae data, served as the basis for developing the bone structure model used by the 3D measurement tools. This would be considered the data used for training/development of the model.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

• For the "a priori image data set from 175 patients," the method for establishing ground truth for training the bone structure model is not detailed.
• For "dry isolated vertebrae data," the ground truth would likely be established through precise physical measurements of these specimens.

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The sterEOS Workstation is intended for use in the fields of musculoskeletal radiology and orthopedics in both pediatric and adult populations as a general PACS device for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D x-ray images of the musculoskeletal system including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When using 2D X-ray images obtained with the Biospace EOS System (K071546), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of scollosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine in adult patients as well as pediatric patients 16 vears and older. The 3D measurement tools include interactive analysis based on a model of bone structures derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data. The model of bone structures is not intended for use in patients with a Cobb's angle > 50 degrees and is not intended for use to assess individual vertebral abnormalities

The SterEOS Workstation is a general picture archiving and communications storage system for acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of 2D x-ray images of the musculoskeletal system, including interactive 2D measurement tools.

When used with 2D X-ray images obtained with the Biospace EOS System (K071546), the sterEOS Workstation provides interactive 3D measurement tools to aid in the analysis of scoliosis and related disorders and deformities of the spine.

The provided FDA 510(k) summary for Biospace med's sterEOS Workstation does not explicitly state acceptance criteria or provide a detailed study report with specific performance metrics against those criteria. Instead, it describes a "comparative study" to demonstrate accuracy and equivalent performance. Therefore, I will extract what is available and highlight what is missing.

Here's the information based on the provided document:

Acceptance Criteria and Performance

The document does not explicitly present a table of acceptance criteria with corresponding performance metrics. It generally states: "A comparative study was conducted in a clinical setting to demonstrate accuracy of clinical parameters calculated in the 3D space. The results of this study validate the 3D reconstruction software and demonstrate the equivalent performance of the device."

Without explicit acceptance criteria (e.g., "3D reconstruction accuracy must be within X mm of ground truth for Y% of cases"), it's impossible to create the requested table.

Study Details

1. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance:

   • The document mentions an "a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis)" which was used to derive the model of bone structures for the 3D measurement tools. This dataset appears to be part of the training/development of the model, not explicitly a test set for evaluating the final device's performance.
   • The document does not specify the sample size of the "clinical setting" comparative study used to "demonstrate accuracy of clinical parameters calculated in the 3D space."
   • Data Provenance: Not specified (e.g., country of origin, retrospective or prospective).

2. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts: Not specified.

3. Adjudication method for the test set: Not specified.

4. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance:

   • An MRMC study is not explicitly mentioned. The "comparative study" focuses on the accuracy of device-calculated parameters rather than human reader improvement with aid.
   • Therefore, no effect size for human reader improvement is provided.

5. If a standalone (i.e., algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

   • The "comparative study" appears to assess the accuracy of the device's 3D measurement tools, which implies a standalone performance evaluation of the algorithm's output (measurements) compared to some form of ground truth. However, the details are sparse.

6. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc.):

   • The document implies that the "accuracy of clinical parameters calculated in the 3D space" was demonstrated. This suggests that the ground truth would likely be established by clinical experts (e.g., orthopedic surgeons, radiologists) using established manual measurement techniques or potentially more advanced imaging modalities for comparison (though not specified).
   • The mention of "dry isolated vertebrae data" contributing to the model could imply some physical measurement ground truth for model development, but not necessarily for the clinical performance test set.

7. The sample size for the training set:

   • The "model of bone structures" used by the 3D measurement tools was "derived from an a priori image data set from 175 patients (91 normal patients, 47 patients with moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 37 patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis), and dry isolated vertebrae data." This dataset of 175 patients (plus dry vertebrae data) serves as the primary training/development data for the 3D model.

8. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

   • The document states the model was "derived from an a priori image data set." It does not explicitly state how the "ground truth" (e.g., true 3D shape, vertebral parameters) for these 175 patients or the dry isolated vertebrae was established. It's inferred that these would have been meticulously measured or reconstructed using high-fidelity methods during the model development phase.

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