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The STERRAD™ Chemical Indicator (CI) Strip is a process indicator per ISO 11140-1:2014 [Type 1] (to differentiate processed from unprocessed packages) and is intended for use with medical device packages to be sterilized in the following STERRAD™ Sterilization Systems:

• · STERRAD™ 100S Sterilization System
• · STERRAD NXTM Sterilization System
  o STANDARD AND ADVANCED Cycles with and without ALLClear™ Technology
• · STERRAD™ 100NX Sterilization System
  o STANDARD, FLEX, EXPRESS, and DUO Cycles with and without ALLClear Technology o ULTRA GITM Cycle with Integrated ALLClear Technology

STERRAD™ SEALSURE™ Chemical Indicator Tape is a process indicator (ISO 11140-1:2014 [Type 1]) intended for use by health care providers to secure non-woven sterilization packs and wraps to be sterilized in the STERRAD™ Sterilization Systems:
· STERRAD™ 100S Sterilization System
· STERRAD NXTM Sterilization System
o STANDARD AND ADVANCED Cycles with and without ALLClear™ Technology

• · STERRAD™ 100NX Sterilization System
  o STANDARD, FLEX, EXPRESS, and DUO Cycles with and without ALLClear™ Technology o ULTRA GI™ Cycle with Integrated ALLClear™ Technology
  The color of the STERRAD SEALSURE Chemical Indicator Tape changes from red to gold (or lighter) indicated by comparator bar when exposed to hydrogen peroxide and is intended to differentiate between processed loads.

The STERRAD VELOCITY™ Biological Indicator (BI)/Process Challenge Device (PCD), in conjunction with the STERRAD VELOCITY™ Reader, is intended to be used as a standard method for frequent monitoring and/or periodic testing of the following STERRAD™ Systems:

• . STERRAD™ 100NX Sterilization System
  o STANDARD, FLEX, EXPRESS, and DUO Cycles with and without ALLClear™ Technology
  o ULTRA GI™ Cycle with Integrated ALLClear Technology (for frequent monitoring only).
• . STERRAD NX™ Sterilization System
  o (STANDARD AND ADVANCED Cycles) with and without ALLClear™ Technology
  · STERRAD™ 100S Sterilization System

The ULTRA GI™ Process Challenge Device (PCD) Vial is used with the STERRAD VELOCITY™ Biological Indicator (BI) for periodic testing and frequent monitoring of the ULTRA GI™ Cycle in the STERRAD™ 100NX Sterilization System with ALLClear™ Technology.

The STERRAD™ Chemical Indicator (Cl) Strip consists of chemically reactive ink, a clear overcoat ink, a yellow comparator bar, and black ink for copy printed on a strip of white styrene. This device is a through-put process indicator to be used with ASP's STERRAD™ Sterilization Systems. The STERRAD Sterilization System utilizes hydrogen peroxide gas plasma to achieve rapid, low-temperature sterilization of medical devices. When in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the indicator will change from red to yellow as indicated by the comparator bar to indicate that the load has been exposed to hydrogen peroxide.

The STERRAD™ SEALSURE™ Chemical Indicator Tape is a through-put process indicator tape to be used with ASP's STERRAD™ Sterilization Systems that utilize hydrogen peroxide gas plasma to achieve rapid, low-temperature sterilization of medical devices. The Chemical Indicator Tape reacts with hydrogen peroxide as it is introduced into the sterilization chamber. The chemical reaction between the indicator ink and the hydrogen peroxide causes the dye of the indicator ink on the diagonal STERRAD logos and the chemical indicator square on the tape to change color, indicating that the load has been exposed to hydrogen peroxide.

The STERRAD VELOCITY Biological Indicator (BI) is a self-contained biological indicator, used in conjunction with the STERRAD VELOCITY Reader, that is intended for frequent monitoring and/or periodic testing in STERRAD Sterilization Systems.

The assembled ULTRA GI PCD is composed of a vial that encapsulates the STERRAD VELOCITY Biological Indicator (BI). The vial creates a stronger resistance to the ULTRA GI Cycle. At the end of the Bl is removed from the vial and used in conjunction with the STERRAD VELOCITY Reader (software version 1139260417 or newer) to verify the effectiveness of the ULTRA GI PCD Vial is only used for the ULTRA GI Cycle in STERRAD 100NX Sterilizers.

The provided document describes the acceptance criteria and the studies conducted for several sterilization process indicators and related devices (Chemical Indicator Strip, Chemical Indicator Tape, Biological Indicator, Biological Indicator Reader, and Process Challenge Device Vial). The studies aim to demonstrate the substantial equivalence of these devices to their legally marketed predicates, particularly with the inclusion of the new ULTRA GI Cycle.

Here's a breakdown of the requested information for each device where available:

1. STERRAD™ Chemical Indicator (CI) Strip (14100)

1. Table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance:

2. Sample size used for the test set and data provenance:

• Sample Size: Not explicitly stated. The studies are referred to as "this study" without specific numbers of units tested.
• Data Provenance: Not explicitly stated. The document implies these are internal company studies conducted to support the 510(k) submission.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and qualifications:

• Not applicable for these types of physical/chemical indicators. Ground truth is based on physical/chemical properties and adherence to ISO standards.

4. Adjudication method for the test set:

• Not applicable. Performance is based on objective chemical reactions and physical changes.

5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done:

• No. This is not applicable for chemical indicators.

6. If a standalone study (algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

• Yes, the studies described are standalone performance tests of the chemical indicator strip itself.

7. Type of ground truth used:

• Objective physical/chemical change (color change due to hydrogen peroxide exposure) validated against ISO 11140-1:2014 Type 1 requirements.

8. Sample size for the training set:

• Not applicable. These are physical/chemical indicators, not AI/ML devices with training sets.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

• Not applicable.

2. STERRAD™ SEALSURE™ Chemical Indicator (CI) Tape (14202NL)

1. Table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance:

2. Sample size used for the test set and data provenance:

• Sample Size: Not explicitly stated. The studies are referred to as "this study" without specific numbers of units tested.
• Data Provenance: Not explicitly stated. The document implies these are internal company studies conducted to support the 510(k) submission.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and qualifications:

• Not applicable for these types of physical/chemical indicators. Ground truth is based on physical/chemical properties and adherence to ISO standards.

4. Adjudication method for the test set:

• Not applicable. Performance is based on objective chemical reactions and physical changes.

5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done:

• No. This is not applicable for chemical indicators.

6. If a standalone study (algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

• Yes, the studies described are standalone performance tests of the chemical indicator tape itself.

7. Type of ground truth used:

• Objective physical/chemical change (color change due to hydrogen peroxide exposure) and physical properties (adhesion strength) validated against ISO 11140-1:2014 Type 1 requirements.

8. Sample size for the training set:

• Not applicable. These are physical/chemical indicators, not AI/ML devices with training sets.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

• Not applicable.

3. STERRAD VELOCITY™ Biological Indicator (BI) and STERRAD VELOCITY™ Reader (43210, 43210-30, 43220)

1. Table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance:

2. Sample size used for the test set and data provenance:

• Sample Size: Not explicitly stated. The studies are referred to as "this study" without specific numbers of units tested.
• Data Provenance: Not explicitly stated. The document implies these are internal company studies conducted to support the 510(k) submission.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and qualifications:

• Not applicable. Ground truth for biological indicators is based on microbiological growth/no growth and fluorescence detection, which are objective measures.

4. Adjudication method for the test set:

• Not applicable. Performance is based on objective microbiological and fluorescence readings.

5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done:

• No. This is not applicable for biological indicators and their readers.

6. If a standalone study (algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

• Yes, the studies described are for the standalone performance of the biological indicator and the reader. The reader's "algorithm" interprets the fluorescence, but it's not described as an AI/ML system requiring typical training/test sets.

7. Type of ground truth used:

• Microbiological growth (absence or presence of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953) and fluorescence detection, which correlates to enzymatic activity of the organism.

8. Sample size for the training set:

• Not applicable. While the reader processes data, it's not described as an AI/ML system with a separate training set.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

• Not applicable.

4. ULTRA GI™ Process Challenge Device (PCD) Vial (43400)

1. Table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance:

2. Sample size used for the test set and data provenance:

• Sample Size: Not explicitly stated. The studies are referred to as "this study" without specific numbers of units tested.
• Data Provenance: Not explicitly stated. The document implies these are internal company studies conducted to support the 510(k) submission.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and qualifications:

• Not applicable. Ground truth for PCDs is based on the resistance they provide to the sterilization process, measured using biological indicator growth/no growth and fluorescence detection.

4. Adjudication method for the test set:

• Not applicable. Performance is based on objective microbiological and fluorescence readings.

5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done:

• No. This is not applicable for PCDs.

6. If a standalone study (algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

• Yes, the studies described are for the standalone performance of the PCD vial in conjunction with the biological indicator and reader.

7. Type of ground truth used:

• Microbiological growth (absence or presence of Geobacillus stearothermophilus) and fluorescence detection, demonstrating the designed resistance to the sterilization process.

8. Sample size for the training set:

• Not applicable.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

• Not applicable.

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STERRAD VELOCITY® Biological Indicator/Process Challenge Device, in conjunction with the STERRAD VELOCITY Reader, is intended to be used as a standard method for frequent monitoring and periodic testing of the following STERRAD Sterilization Systems:

• · STERRAD® 100NX (STANDARD, FLEX, EXPRESS, and DUO Cycles) with and without ALLClear® Technology
• STERRAD NX® (STANDARD and ADVANCED Cycles) with and without ALLClear® Technology
• · STERRAD® 100S

The STERRAD VELOCITY Biological Indicator (BI) /Process Challenge Device (PCD) is a selfcontained biological indicator, used in conjunction with the STERRAD VELOCITY Reader, that is intended for frequent monitoring and periodic testing of the STERRAD Sterilization Cycles, using rapid readout technology that provides a final fluorescence result in 15 minutes at the incubation temperature of 57 ± 2ºC.

The STERRAD VELOCITY BI/PCD can also be determined as growth-positive or growth-negative via an optional visual pH-based color change result (using bromocresol purple) if used for frequent monitoring purposes. When using this method, the biological indicator must be cultured in an incubator at 55-60°C for 5 to 7 days to get a final visual result.

The STERRAD VELOCITY BI/PCD consists of a glass fiber disc containing a minimum of 1 x 100 Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 7953) spores and a glass ampoule containing nutrient growth medium and non-fluorescent substrate, as well as a vial, cap, cap label, insert, and chemical indicator. The spore disc, growth media ampoule, and insert are contained in a clear plastic vial with a vented cap. The cap is designed with sterilant ingress openings which allow for penetration of hydrogen peroxide vapor into the vial during the sterilization process. The chemical indicator (CI), placed on the top of the cap, is a Type 1 process indicator that changes color from red/pink to yellow with some red/orange/brown dots when exposed to hydrogen peroxide.

The STERRAD VELOCITY BI/PCD has the same a-glucosidase enzyme system for the fundamental scientific technology as the predicate device cleared under K182404. The a-glucosidase enzyme, which is generated naturally during growth of G. stearothermophilus and released during spore germination, hydrolyzes the bond between the glucose and 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU) moieties of 4methylumbelliferyl a-D-glucopyranoside (α-MUG). In the combined state, α-MUG is not fluorescent. Once the bond between the glucose and 4-MU is hydrolyzed, the 4-MU component becomes fluorescent when excited with UV light. Therefore, the a-glucosidase enzyme in its active state can be detected by measuring the fluorescence produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of a-MUG.

The resultant fluorescent by-product (4-MU), is detected by the Reader and the fluorescent signal is used to determine the positive or negative result of the biological indicator. The measured enzyme activity is reduced upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide. As the enzyme activity is directly correlated with the spore outgrowth, the reduction of the enzyme activity below a certain level indicates that all spores have been inactivated. The level of the fluorescence response is determined using the algorithm developed for the STERRAD VELOCITY BI/PCD and is used to distinguish between the positive and negative responses.

The STERRAD VELOCITY Reader is designed to automatically read the STERRAD VELOCITY BI/PCD to obtain the final fluorescence result in 15 minutes at the incubation temperature of 57 ± 2℃. The STERRAD VELOCITY Reader utilizes the fluorometric assay method to detect the enzyme activity from the BI and the fluorescence emitted from the BI is converted into a voltage. This voltage reading is then used by the fluorescence algorithm in the Reader to determine the final fluorescence result.

There are eight individual BI incubation wells in the STERRAD VELOCITY Reader. Its heater system is designed to maintain the biological indicators at 57 ± 2℃ to promote the outgrowth of the indicator organisms. Each well contains an ultraviolet light source that excites fluorescence in the growth medium, and a photodetector to detect that fluorescence.

The STERRAD VELOCITY Reader features a touch screen for an effective user interface. Directly under each well is a well number illuminated by a well status indicator light. Three colors (white, green, and red) and two states (off and solid line) are used for the indicator light on the touch screen to show the status of the BI processing. The Reader has a thermoplastic exterior which makes it easy to clean and maintain. A built-in barcode scanner coupled with network connectivity makes maintaining sterilization records easy.

The STERRAD VELOCITY Reader of the subject device has the same hardware and uses same fundamental scientific technology as the predicate device cleared under K182404. Only the algorithm for fluorescence reading has been modified in the subject device to reduce the fluorescence readout time from 30 minutes to 15 minutes.

Here's a breakdown of the acceptance criteria and study information for the STERRAD VELOCITY Biological Indicator/Process Challenge Device and Reader, based on the provided text:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance:

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance:

The document does not explicitly state the specific sample sizes for the test sets in each study. It mentions that:

• For "Hydrogen Peroxide Dose Response and Sterilization Verification," "Design evaluation and Performance Qualification for Periodic Testing," "Verification of Reduced Incubation Time," and "Verification of BI Holding Time," the device's performance was evaluated by reanalyzing fluorescence results and data collected from previously submitted studies using the modified algorithm. No additional sterilization cycles were performed for these specific re-evaluations. This suggests the data provenance is retrospective, using previously gathered data.
• The original provenance of the data used for the reanalysis (e.g., country of origin) is not specified.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and Their Qualifications:

This information is not provided in the document. The studies primarily involve analytical testing against established biological and chemical indicators, rather than expert interpretation of medical images or other data requiring clinical expertise.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set:

This information is not applicable as the studies are based on analytical measurements (fluorescence readings, growth/no growth, chemical indicator changes) and adherence to set criteria. There is no mention of a human adjudication process for interpreting results.

5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study was done, and the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance:

No, an MRMC comparative effectiveness study was not done. This device is a biological indicator system used for monitoring sterilization, not a diagnostic AI system that assists human readers.

6. If a Standalone (i.e., algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

Yes, the studies described are essentially standalone performance evaluations of the STERRAD VELOCITY BI/PCD and Reader. The modified algorithm's ability to accurately read and interpret the biological indicator's fluorescence (without human intervention in the interpretation process) is the core of the verification. The reader automatically determines and displays the result ("Positive" or "Negative").

7. The type of Ground Truth Used:

The ground truth used in these studies is primarily biological/chemical reference standards and established scientific principles:

• Biological model: For periodic testing, the BI's resistance is compared to a "biological model," which represents the most difficult item routinely processed.
• Sterile BIs (growth and fluorescence): The "growth" outcome of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores (or lack thereof) after incubation, and the corresponding fluorescence, serve as the biological ground truth for assessing sterilization effectiveness.
• Chemical indicator changes: The color change of the chemical indicator (from red/pink to yellow/orange/brown dots) provides a chemical ground truth for exposure to hydrogen peroxide.
• 7-day incubation spore growth results: For verifying reduced incubation time, the rapid fluorescence results are compared against the longer, traditional 7-day visual assessment of spore growth, which is a well-established method for confirming biological indicator results.

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set:

This information is not provided. Given that the modification was an update to an existing algorithm based on reanalysis of previous data, and the device is a biological indicator reader rather than a deep learning AI, a distinct "training set" in the context of machine learning might not be applicable or explicitly documented in this way. The algorithm's development would have likely involved extensive testing and refinement, but the specific size or methodology for a formal "training set" is not detailed here.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set was Established:

As with the training set size, the specific methodology for establishing ground truth for any potential "training set" for algorithm development is not detailed. However, it can be inferred that the ground truth would have been established through controlled experiments involving the exposure of biological indicators to varying levels of hydrogen peroxide and subsequent traditional incubation and growth assessment (e.g., the 7-day incubation method mentioned). The previous K182404 submission would have contained details on the initial algorithm's development and associated ground truth.

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The STERRAD VELOCITY™ Biological Indicator, in conjunction with the STERRAD VELOCITY Reader, is intended to be used as a standard method for frequent monitoring and periodic testing of the following STERRAD Sterilization Systems:

• · STERRAD® 100NX (STANDARD, FLEX, EXPRESS, and DUO Cycles) with and without ALLClear™ Technology
• STERRAD NX® (STANDARD and ADVANCED Cycles) with and without ALLClear™ Technology
  · STERRAD® 100S

The STERRAD VELOCITY Biological Indicator is a self-contained biological indicator, used in conjunction with the STERRAD VELOCITY Reader, that is intended for frequent monitoring and periodic testing of the STERRD Sterilization Cycles, using rapid readout technology that provides a final fluorescence result in 30 minutes at the incubation temperature of 57 ± 2ºC.
The STERRAD VELOCITY BI can also be determined as growth-positive or growth-negative via an optional visual pH-based color change result (using bromocresol purple) if used for frequent monitoring purposes. When using this method, the biological indicator must be cultured in an incubator at 55-60℃ for 5 to 7 days to get a final visual result.
The STERRAD VELOCITY BI consists of a glass fiber disc containing a minimum of 1 x 100 Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 7953) spores and a glass ampoule containing nutrient growth medium and non-fluorescent substrate, as well as a vial, cap, cap label, insert, and chemical indicator. The spore disc, growth media ampoule, and insert are contained in a clear plastic vial with a vented cap. The cap is designed with sterilant ingress openings which allow for penetration of hydrogen peroxide vapor into the vial during the sterilization process. The chemical indicator (CI), placed on the top of the cap, is a Type 1 process indicator that changes color from red/pink to yellow or yellow with some red/orange/brown dots when exposed to hydrogen peroxide.
The STERRAD VELOCITY BI has the same α-glucosidase enzyme system for the fundamental scientific technology as the predicate device cleared under K170039. The a-glucosidase enzyme, which is generated naturally during growth of G. stearothermophilus and released during spore germination, hydrolyzes the bond between the glucose and 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU) moieties of 4-methylumbelliferyl a-D-glucopyranoside (α-MUG). In the combined state, α-MUG is not fluorescent. Once the bond between the glucose and 4-MU is hydrolyzed, the 4-MU component becomes fluorescent when excited with UV light. Therefore, the a-glucosidase enzyme in its active state can be detected by measuring the fluorescence produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of a-MUG.
The resultant fluorescent by-product (4-MU), is detected by the Reader and the fluorescent signal is used to determine the positive or negative result of the biological indicator. The measured enzyme activity is reduced upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide. As the enzyme activity is directly correlated with the spore outgrowth. the reduction of the enzyme activity below a certain level indicates that all spores have been inactivated. The level of the fluorescence response is determined using the algorithm developed for the STERRAD VELOCITY BI and is used to distinguish between the positive and negative responses.

The provided text describes the acceptance criteria and a study proving the device meets the acceptance criteria for the STERRAD VELOCITY™ Biological Indicator.

Here's a breakdown of the requested information:

Acceptance Criteria and Device Performance Study

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

The acceptance criterion for the device, as outlined by the "Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff: Biological Indicator (BI) Premarket Notification [510(k)] Submissions, Section 10, Test Pack, issued on October 4, 2007," appears to be that the resistance of the subject device must be greater than or equal to the biological models for all claimed STERRAD Cycles. Additionally, all fluorescence-negative results during testing must be obtained in triplicate runs.

• Performance Study in STERRAD 100NX (STANDARD and FLEX Cycles, with/without ALLClear Technology): Pass
• Performance Study in STERRAD 100NX (EXPRESS Cycle, with/without ALLClear Technology): Pass
• Performance Study in STERRAD 100NX (DUO Cycle): Pass
• Performance Study in STERRAD NX (STANDARD and ADVANCED Cycles, with/without ALLClear Technology): Pass
• Performance Study in STERRAD 100S Cycle: Pass |

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

• Sample Size: The document states that "all fluorescence-negative results were obtained in triplicate runs." This implies that for each performance study listed, testing was conducted in triplicate. The exact number of biological indicators (BIs) or runs per condition is not explicitly stated beyond "triplicate runs."
• Data Provenance: The data is from non-clinical performance testing conducted by Advanced Sterilization Products (ASP). There is no explicit mention of the country of origin of the data, but given ASP is based in Irvine, California, it's highly likely the testing was conducted in the United States. The study is inherently prospective as it involves new performance testing of the device for expanded indications.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and Their Qualifications

This information is not provided in the document. For a biological indicator, the ground truth is typically established by the growth or non-growth of the microbial spores after exposure to a sterilization process, which is an objective measurement. It does not typically involve expert interpretation in the same way as, for example, reading medical images.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

This information is not applicable in the context of biological indicator testing as described. The results (fluorescence-negative or positive, and spore growth/non-growth) are objective measurements based on the device's functionality and the viability of the spores. It does not involve human interpretation that would require an adjudication method.

5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study Was Done, and Its Effect Size

No, a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was not done. This type of study is typically performed for AI-powered diagnostic devices where human readers interpret medical images or data, and their performance with and without AI assistance is compared. The STERRAD VELOCITY™ Biological Indicator is a standalone device for monitoring sterilization processes and its performance is assessed directly, not in conjunction with human interpretation in an MRMC setting.

6. If a Standalone (i.e., Algorithm Only Without Human-in-the-Loop Performance) Was Done

Yes, the performance study described is essentially a standalone (algorithm only) performance evaluation of the STERRAD VELOCITY™ Biological Indicator. The device, in conjunction with the STERRAD VELOCITY Reader, determines a "positive or negative result" based on the detected fluorescent signal, which is determined using an "algorithm developed for the STERRAD VELOCITY BI." The results presented ("Pass" or "Fail" for the performance studies and the resistance being "greater than" the biological model, and "fluorescence-negative results were obtained in triplicate runs") are indicative of the algorithm's direct performance in identifying effective sterilization.

7. The Type of Ground Truth Used

The ground truth for the biological indicator testing is based on the viability (growth or non-growth) of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 7953) spores after exposure to sterilization cycles, as well as the expected D-value (decimal reduction time) and and absence of growth in fully processed units. This is a biological/microbiological ground truth, directly tied to the primary function of a biological indicator. The "fluorescence-negative" result detected by the reader is directly correlated to the inactivation of spores. The document also mentions the optional visual pH-based color change result after 5-7 days of culture, which further confirms spore viability (or lack thereof).

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

The document does not specify a training set sample size. This device is a biochemical indicator with an enzymatic detection system, rather than a machine learning or AI model that typically requires a large training dataset for learning patterns from data. The "algorithm developed for the STERRAD VELOCITY BI" likely refers to a pre-defined threshold or logic based on the biochemical reaction, rather than a machine-learned algorithm.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

As no specific "training set" in the context of machine learning is indicated, the method of establishing ground truth for a training set is not applicable as described in the document. The foundational principles for the device's operation (α-glucosidase enzyme system, spore viability detection) are based on established microbiological and biochemical science. The development of the algorithm would have relied on understanding the relationship between enzyme activity, fluorescence, and spore inactivation, established through scientific studies and threshold determination rather than a traditional machine learning training process with a distinct training set.

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