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510(k) Data Aggregation

    K Number
    K241374
    Date Cleared
    2025-02-28

    (289 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    Manual Wheelchair (S002, S004, S005, S006, S007, S008, S009)

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The Manual Wheelchair is to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position.

    Device Description

    The S002, S004, S005, S006, S007, S008, S009 series are mechanical wheelchairs which are a manually operated devices with wheels that are intended for medical purposes to provide mobility to persons restricted to a sitting position. It can be folded for transport by bring the two sides together. The manual wheelchair incorporates a main frame, a seat, two adjustable footrests and four wheels. The larger rear wheels have hand rims of slightly smaller diameter projecting just beyond the tire. These allows the user to manoeuvre the chair by pushing them on without requiring them to grasp the tires. The manual wheelchairs have brakes that bear on the tires of the rear wheels and two push handles at the upper rear of the frame to allow for manual propulsion by an assistant.

    Main Components: Main frame, Backrest, Seat cushion, handgrip, front wheel, rear wheel, hand rim, crossbar, footrests, brake, Anti-tipper, Seat belt.

    The device can be operated indoors, or outdoors on dry, level surfaces composed of concrete, blacktop, or asphalt under normal driving conditions.

    AI/ML Overview

    This FDA 510(k) summary describes a Manual Wheelchair (Models: S002, S004, S005, S006, S007, S008, S009) and its substantial equivalence to a predicate device (K232230). The information provided is for a physical medical device, not an AI/software device. Therefore, many of the requested categories related to AI/software performance criteria (such as sample sizes for test/training sets, data provenance, expert ground truth, adjudication methods, MRMC studies, or standalone algorithm performance) are not applicable to this document.

    However, I can extract the acceptance criteria related to the physical device's performance and the study details that demonstrate it meets those criteria.

    1. Table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance:

    Acceptance Criteria (Standard Compliance)Reported Device Performance
    Mechanical Performance Standards:Compliance Demonstrated:
    ISO 7176-1:2014 (Static stability)Complies
    ISO 7176-3:2012 (Effectiveness of brakes)Complies
    ISO 7176-5:2008 (Overall dimensions, mass and maneuvering space)Complies
    ISO 7176-7:1998 (Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions)Complies
    ISO 7176-8:2014 (Static, impact and fatigue strengths)Complies
    ISO 7176-11:2012 (Test dummies)Complies
    ISO 7176-13:1989 (Coefficient of friction of test surfaces)Complies
    ISO 7176-15:1996 (Information disclosure, documentation and labeling)Complies
    ISO 16840-10:2021 (Resistance to ignition of postural support devices)Complies
    ISO 7176-22:2014 (Set-up procedures)Complies
    Biocompatibility Standards:Compliance Demonstrated:
    ISO 10993-1 (General biological evaluation)Complies
    ISO 10993-5:2009 (Cytotoxicity)Non-cytotoxic
    ISO 10993-10:2021 (Sensitization)Non-sensitizing
    ISO 10993-23:2021 (Irritation)Non-irritating

    2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance:

    • Sample size: Not specified in the document. For physical device performance testing, samples are typically a representative number of units, but specific numbers are not usually detailed in a 510(k) summary unless a specific statistical power is claimed for a particular test.
    • Data provenance: The tests were conducted by the applicant, Anhui JBH Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd, in China (No.116 QiCang Road Industrial District MingGuang Chuzhou,Anhui, China). The data is retrospective in the sense that the tests were performed on finished devices to demonstrate compliance.

    3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts:

    This information is not applicable. For physical device performance, "ground truth" is established through standardized testing procedures and objective measurements as defined by the referenced ISO standards, not through expert consensus on interpretation.

    4. Adjudication method for the test set:

    Not applicable. Physical device performance is determined by meeting objective criteria defined in the ISO standards, not by an adjudication process as used in clinical or imaging studies.

    5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance:

    Not applicable. This is a physical medical device, not an AI/software device.

    6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

    Not applicable. This is a physical medical device, not an AI/software device.

    7. The type of ground truth used:

    The "ground truth" for the device's performance is established by its adherence to the technical specifications and performance limits defined within the cited international ISO standards (e.g., ISO 7176 series for wheelchairs and ISO 10993 series for biocompatibility). This is essentially objective measurement against predefined engineering and biocompatibility standards.

    8. The sample size for the training set:

    Not applicable. This is a physical medical device, not an AI/software device that requires a training set.

    9. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

    Not applicable. This is a physical medical device, not an AI/software device.

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    K Number
    K242722
    Date Cleared
    2024-11-22

    (73 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    Manual Wheelchair (MASY23)

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The Manual Wheelchair is to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position.

    Device Description

    The MASY23 manual wheelchair is a mechanical wheelchair which is a manually operated, attendant and self-propelled transport device in a health care environment such as a hospital, nursing home or extended care facility. It is intended for medical purpose to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position. It can be folded for transport by bring two sides together.

    The MASY23 Manual Wheelchair incorporates a main frame, a seat, two hand rims and four wheels. The wheelchair is designed with two small rear wheels and two gearing with hand rim, it can be manually moved forward and in reverse. The wheelchair can support users of up to 136 kg.

    AI/ML Overview

    The provided text is a 510(k) Premarket Notification from the FDA regarding a Manual Wheelchair (MASY23). It does not describe a study, acceptance criteria, or performance data for an AI/ML-driven medical device.

    Therefore, I cannot extract the requested information regarding acceptance criteria, study details, sample sizes, expert ground truth, adjudication methods, MRMC studies, standalone performance, training set details, or how ground truth was established, as these concepts are not applicable to the clearance of a manual wheelchair.

    The document focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence of the manual wheelchair to a predicate device through non-clinical performance and biocompatibility testing, primarily against ISO standards.

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    K Number
    K242560
    Date Cleared
    2024-10-24

    (57 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    N/A
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    Manual Wheelchair (SYIV100-CA9221)

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The SYIV100-CA9221 manual wheelchair is to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position

    Device Description

    Not Found

    AI/ML Overview

    I am sorry, but the provided text from the FDA 510(k) clearance letter for the "Manual Wheelchair (SYIV100-CA9221)" does not contain any information about acceptance criteria or a study that proves the device meets specific performance criteria.

    The 510(k) process for a mechanical wheelchair, as is the case here (Regulation Number: 21 CFR 890.3850, Product Code: IOR), focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence to a predicate device. This typically involves comparing features, specifications, and sometimes basic functional tests to ensure the new device performs as safely and effectively as a legally marketed predicate.

    The document is a standard FDA clearance letter and discusses:

    • The determination of substantial equivalence.
    • General controls and regulations applicable to the device (e.g., annual registration, listing, GMP, labeling, UDI).
    • Contact information for various FDA departments.
    • The indications for use of the wheelchair: "to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position."

    It does not contain the type of AI/algorithm performance study information you are asking for, which would be typical for a software as a medical device (SaMD) or AI-powered medical device clearance.

    Therefore, I cannot populate the requested table or answer your specific questions about acceptance criteria, study design, expert consensus, ground truth, or MRMC studies based on the provided text. This document is for a simple mechanical device, not an AI or algorithm-driven one.

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    K Number
    K241460
    Date Cleared
    2024-07-11

    (49 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    Manual Wheelchair

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The Manual Wheelchair is to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position.

    Device Description

    MW18 manual wheelchair is a mechanical which is a manually operated device with wheels that is intended for medical purposes to provide mobility to persons restricted to a sitting position. It can be folded for transport by bring the two sides together. The manual wheelchair incorporates a foldable frame, a seat, two footrests and four wheels. The larger rear wheels have push-rims of slightly smaller diameter projecting just beyond the user to manoeuvre the chair by pushing them on without requiring them to grasp the tyres. The manual wheelchairs have brakes that bear on the tyres of there are two push handles at the upper rear of the frame to allow for manual propulsion by a second person, e.g. caregiver. The wheelchair can support users of up to 120kg.

    Main Components:

    Main frame, back upholstery, seat upholstery, handgrip, armrest, front wheel, hand rim, crossbar, footrest, skirt guard, brake, anti-tipper (optional)

    The device can be operated indoors, or outdoors on dry, level surfaces composed of concrete, blacktop, or asphalt under normal driving conditions.

    AI/ML Overview

    The provided FDA 510(k) summary is for a Manual Wheelchair (MW18), a Class I, reserved medical device. This type of device does not typically involve AI components or require the complex statistical studies, multi-reader multi-case studies, and expert ground truth establishment that are common for AI/ML-driven diagnostic devices.

    Instead, the acceptance criteria for a manual wheelchair primarily focus on functional performance, safety, and compliance with established industry standards. The study proving the device meets these criteria is a series of non-clinical performance tests conducted in accordance with international standards for wheelchairs.

    Here's the breakdown of the information requested, based on the provided document:


    1. A table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance

    The document lists the ISO standards that the device complies with, which effectively serve as the acceptance criteria. The "reported device performance" is the statement of compliance with these standards.

    Acceptance Criteria (ISO Standard & Description)Reported Device Performance
    ISO 7176-1:2014: Wheelchairs - Part 1: Determination of static stabilityComplies with the standard
    ISO 7176-3:2012: Wheelchairs - Part 3: Determination of effectiveness of brakesComplies with the standard
    ISO 7176-5:2008: Wheelchairs - Part 5: Determination of dimensions, mass and maneuvering spaceComplies with the standard
    ISO 7176-7:1998: Wheelchairs - Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensionsComplies with the standard
    ISO 7176-8:2014: Wheelchairs - Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengthComplies with the standard
    ISO 7176-11:2012: Wheelchairs -- Part 11: Test dummiesComplies with the standard (used for testing)
    ISO 7176-13:1989: Wheelchairs - Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces.Complies with the standard
    ISO 7176-15:1996: Wheelchairs - Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labeling.Complies with the standard
    ISO 16840-10:2021: Wheelchair seating - Part 10: Resistance to ignition of postural support devicesComplies with the standard
    ISO 7176-22: 2014: Wheelchairs - Part 22: Set-up proceduresComplies with the standard (used for testing)
    ISO 10993-5: Biological evaluations of medical devices -- Part 5: Tests for In Vitro cytotoxicityComplies with the standard (for biocompatibility)
    ISO 10993-10: Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 10: Tests for irritation and skin sensitizationComplies with the standard (for biocompatibility)
    ISO 10993-23: Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 23: Tests for irritationComplies with the standard (for biocompatibility, though noted "not applicable" seemingly by mistake for this standard as well as others in the provided text as the biocompatibility tests were conducted)

    2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance

    The document does not specify a "test set" in the context of patient data, as this is a mechanical device. The "test set" refers to the physical units of the Manual Wheelchair (MW18) that were subjected to the non-clinical tests. The document does not explicitly state the number of sample units used for these tests. Data provenance is not applicable in the context of patient data as it's not an AI/ML device.


    3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts

    This information is not applicable to this device. "Ground truth" in the context of AI/ML performance is not relevant for a mechanical manual wheelchair. The "truth" is established by the ability of the device to meet the defined performance specifications and safety standards through physical testing.


    4. Adjudication method for the test set

    This information is not applicable. Adjudication methods like 2+1 or 3+1 are typically used for establishing ground truth in clinical image interpretation, not for mechanical device testing. Compliance with standards is typically assessed by conformity to predefined pass/fail criteria for each test.


    5. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

    This is not applicable. An MRMC study is designed for evaluating the performance of diagnostic algorithms, often with human readers in the loop. This device is a manual wheelchair, not a diagnostic AI tool.


    6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

    This is not applicable. This is a mechanical device, not an algorithm.


    7. The type of ground truth used

    The "ground truth" for this device is the compliance with established international performance and safety standards (ISO standards) for manual wheelchairs. This is determined through objective, quantifiable physical tests, rather than expert consensus, pathology, or outcomes data in the way it's understood for diagnostic devices.


    8. The sample size for the training set

    This is not applicable. There is no "training set" for a mechanical device like a manual wheelchair.


    9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

    This is not applicable. There is no "training set" or "ground truth for a training set" for this type of device.

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    K Number
    K240120
    Date Cleared
    2024-07-05

    (171 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    N/A
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    Merlexi Craft Bariatric series of manual wheelchairs

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The Merlexi Craft Bariatric series of manual wheelchairs are intended for use to empower physically challenged persons by providing a means of mobility. This includes temporary and permanent conditions for which manual wheelchairs are generally prescribed for use. In particular, the Merlexi Craft Bariatric wheelchairs are intended for users up to 425 pounds. They are not for MRI environment use.

    Device Description

    Not Found

    AI/ML Overview

    Due to the nature of the provided document, which is a letter from the FDA regarding a 510(k) premarket notification for a medical device (manual wheelchairs), the requested information about acceptance criteria and a study proving those criteria are met is not present in the document.

    This document is primarily concerned with confirming that the Merlexi Craft Bariatric series of manual wheelchairs is substantially equivalent to legally marketed predicate devices, and it outlines regulatory requirements and general controls for marketing such a device.

    Here's why the requested information is not found:

    • Acceptance Criteria and Device Performance: The letter states the device is "substantially equivalent" to predicate devices. This means it has similar technological characteristics and is intended for the same use as a device already on the market. It does not provide specific performance metrics or acceptance criteria for the new device itself. Information like wheelchair weight capacity (up to 425 pounds) is an "indication for use" rather than a performance criterion for a study.
    • Study Details: A 510(k) submission generally relies on comparisons to predicate devices or on non-clinical (bench) testing to demonstrate substantial equivalence, rather than a clinical study with human subjects, especially for a Class I device like a manual wheelchair. The letter itself does not describe any specific study, sample sizes, ground truth, or expert involvement as typically would be found for AI/software devices requiring detailed performance evaluation.
    • AI/Software-Specific Information: Questions 5, 6, 8, and 9 are highly specific to AI/software performance studies (MRMC, standalone algorithm, training set size, etc.). The Merlexi Craft Bariatric series of manual wheelchairs is a mechanical device, and these types of studies are not applicable.

    Therefore, I cannot populate the table or answer the specific questions based on the provided text. The document serves a different regulatory purpose than detailing performance study results.

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    K Number
    K231110
    Date Cleared
    2023-06-16

    (58 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    Manual Wheelchair (A006)

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The A006 Manual Wheelchair is to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position.

    Device Description

    The subject device is a mechanical wheelchair which is a manually operated device with wheels that is intended for medical purposes to provide mobility to persons restricted to a sitting position. It can be folded for transport by bringing the two sides together. The manual wheelchair incorporates a main frame, a seat, two adjustable footrests and four wheels. The larger rear wheels have hand rims of slightly smaller diameter projecting just beyond the tire. These allows the user to maneuver the chair by pushing them on without requiring them to grasp the tires. The manual wheelchairs have brakes that bear on the tires of the rear wheels and two push handles at the upper rear of the frame to allow for manual propulsion by an assistant.

    AI/ML Overview

    This document describes the FDA's clearance of a Manual Wheelchair (Model A006) and is a 510(k) Premarket Notification. The purpose of a 510(k) submission is to demonstrate that a new device is "substantially equivalent" to a legally marketed predicate device. This process differs significantly from studies that prove a medical device, especially AI/ML-driven software, meets specific performance acceptance criteria through clinical or non-clinical trials.

    Therefore, the provided text does not contain the information required to answer the prompt. It is a regulatory clearance document for a mechanical device, not a study evaluating the performance of an AI/ML device against acceptance criteria.

    Here's why the prompt cannot be answered with this document:

    • No AI/ML device: The device in question is a manual wheelchair, a physical, mechanical product. There is no software, AI, or algorithm involved.
    • No "acceptance criteria" in the AI/ML performance sense: The "acceptance criteria" here refer to meeting regulatory standards for safety and effectiveness in comparison to a predicate mechanical device (another wheelchair), not to the performance metrics (like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUC) typically established for AI/ML devices.
    • No "study" in the AI/ML performance sense: The document describes non-clinical performance testing against established ISO standards for wheelchairs (e.g., static stability, brake effectiveness, dimensions, strength). It explicitly states, "No clinical study is included in this submission." There are no human readers, ground truth establishment, training sets, test sets, or MRMC studies as would be relevant for an AI/ML device.

    To answer the prompt, a document describing the development and validation of an AI/ML-driven medical device, including performance data from a clinical or non-clinical study, would be necessary.

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    K Number
    K220671
    Date Cleared
    2022-07-21

    (136 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    Manual Wheelchair

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The Manual Wheelchair is intended for medical purposes to provide mobility to persons restricted to a sitting position.

    Device Description

    The Manual Wheelchair is a wheeled personal mobility device that incorporates a seat-support system for a person with a disability or a person without the full capacity to walk designed to be manually propelled by the user while seated in the device or by an attendant. The occupant moves the wheelchair by rotating two handrims protruding from rear wheels. An attendant moves the device by pushing or pulling handles on the device. The device can be folded for transport. The device can be operated indoor or outdoor on dry, smooth surfaces composed of concrete, blacktop or asphalt under normal driving conditions. The subject manual wheelchair is a mechanical wheelchair with four wheels, including two front casters and two rear wheels, a frame made of carbon steel, a seat and a backrest made of oxford fabric, which is soft and water-resistant, two handles, armrests, handrims, foot pedals, legrest strap and seat belt. The subject manual wheelchair has a physical dimension of 1085mm × 700mm ×935mm (length × width × height). The device has a weight capacity of 100 kilograms, and its total mass is 17.3kg. The color is black.

    AI/ML Overview

    This document describes the premarket notification (510(k)) for a Manual Wheelchair (Model: SYIV100-RLD-G01) seeking clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

    It's important to note that this is a Class I medical device (Mechanical Wheelchair, Product Code: IOR), which are generally considered low risk and do not require extensive clinical trials or complex AI performance criteria as seen with higher-class devices. The primary method for proving substantial equivalence for such devices is often through non-clinical performance testing and comparison to an existing predicate device.

    Therefore, many of the typical "AI device" specific questions (like MRMC studies, training set details, or expert consensus for ground truth) are not applicable to this specific submission, as the device is not an AI-powered diagnostic or therapeutic tool. The "acceptance criteria" here refer to the device meeting established performance standards for manual wheelchairs, rather than AI performance metrics.

    Here is the information based on the provided document:


    1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

    For this manual wheelchair, the acceptance criteria are based on compliance with recognized performance and safety standards, and demonstrating that the proposed device performs "as well as" a legally marketed predicate device. The document does not present a formal "table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance" as one might see for an AI algorithm with metrics like sensitivity/specificity. Instead, it demonstrates compliance through adherence to ISO standards and a comparative analysis.

    Acceptance Criteria (Implicit: Compliance with Standards and Predicate Equivalence)

    Criteria CategorySpecific Standards/TestsReported Device Performance
    Mechanical PerformanceISO 7176-1: Determination of static stabilityComplies with ISO 7176-1 (Static stability: longitudinal forward tilt ≥ 10°, longitudinal backward tilt ≥ 10°, flank tilt ≥ 15°)
    ISO 7176-3: Determination of effectiveness of brakesComplies with ISO 7176-3 (Hill-holding performance: ≥8°)
    ISO 7176-5: Determination of overall dimensions, mass and manoeuvring spaceComplies with ISO 7176-5 (Overall dimensions, weight, min. turning radius, min. reversing width as specified: Length: 1085mm, Width: 700mm, Height: 935mm, Weight: 17.3kg, Min. Turning Radius: ≤850mm, Min. Reversing Width: ≤1500mm, Sliding offset: ≤350mm)
    ISO 7176-7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensionsComplies with ISO 7176-7 (Seat width: 420mm, Seat depth: 410mm, Seat height from floor: 505mm, Backrest height: 405mm, etc. as specified)
    ISO 7176-8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengthsComplies with ISO 7176-8 (Load capacity: 100kg)
    ISO 7176-11: Test dummiesComplies with ISO 7176-11 (Used for relevant tests)
    ISO 7176-13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfacesComplies with ISO 7176-13 (Used for relevant tests)
    ISO 7176-15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelingComplies with ISO 7176-15
    ISO 7176-16: Resistance to ignition of postural support devicesComplies with ISO 7176-16
    ISO 7676-22: Set-up proceduresComplies with ISO 7176-22
    BiocompatibilityISO 10993-1: Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management processComplies with ISO 10993-1
    ISO 10993-5: Biological evaluation of medical devices Part 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicityComplies with ISO 10993-5 (for PP material)
    ISO 10993-10: Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 10: Tests for irritation and skin sensitizationComplies with ISO 10993-10 (for handrim and PP armrest material)
    LabelingConforms to FDA Regulatory RequirementsConforms to FDA Regulatory Requirements (Table 3)
    Substantial EquivalenceDevice performs "as well as" legally marketed predicate device (K180852) despite minor differences in dimensions or material choices.All differences analyzed and demonstrated not to affect safety or effectiveness, with performance confirmed through compliance with relevant ISO standards. Conclusion: "as safe, as effective, and performs as well as the legally marketed predicate device."

    2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance

    • Test Set Sample Size: Not explicitly stated as a "sample size" in terms of number of patients or images, because this is a physical medical device. The "test set" here refers to the physical units of the manual wheelchair subjected to various engineering and biocompatibility tests. Typically, a small number of units (e.g., 1-3) are tested to demonstrate compliance with standards for Class I devices like this.
    • Data Provenance: The tests are non-clinical (laboratory and engineering tests) conducted on the manufactured device. The geographic origin of the testing is not specified, but the manufacturer is based in China. The data would be considered prospective in the sense that the tests were performed specifically for this 510(k) submission.

    3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts

    • This is not applicable to this type of device submission. There is no "ground truth" established by human experts in the context of diagnostic or AI performance for a manual wheelchair. The "ground truth" for this device's performance is objective measurements against established engineering and biocompatibility standards.

    4. Adjudication method for the test set

    • This is not applicable. No adjudication method (like 2+1, 3+1 consensus) is relevant for non-clinical engineering and biocompatibility testing of a physical product like a manual wheelchair.

    5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

    • This is not applicable. This is not an AI device or an imaging device requiring human reader studies.

    6. If a standalone (i.e., algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

    • This is not applicable. This is not an AI algorithm.

    7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc.)

    • The "ground truth" for this device's performance is based on objective measurements and results from standardized non-clinical engineering tests (ISO 7176 series) and biocompatibility tests (ISO 10993 series). For example, a wheelchair either passes the static stability test at a certain angle or it doesn't; this is a measured outcome against a defined specification, not an expert opinion.

    8. The sample size for the training set

    • This is not applicable. This device is a physical product and does not involve AI/machine learning models that require training sets.

    9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

    • This is not applicable. As it's not an AI device, there is no training set or associated ground truth establishment process.
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    K Number
    K200715
    Date Cleared
    2022-06-24

    (828 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    RoughRider Aurora Manual Wheelchair

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The RoughRider America™ RoughRider Aurora™ Manual Wheelchair is indicated to provide mobility to persons restricted to a seated position up to a weight capacity of up to 250 lb / 114 kg.

    Device Description

    The RoughRider America™ RoughRider Aurora™ Manual Wheelchair (Aurora) is a user propelled, manually operated folding wheelchair. The Aurora is designed for everyday use and to help its rider move around easily, safely, and without the restrictions imposed by much of the terrain encounter in daily life. The Aurora is expected to perform well:

    • Indoors and outdoors; ●
    • Over smooth, rough, and uneven ground; ●
    • Over soft and hard surfaces; ●
    • Over small obstacles, like door jams; and ●
    • Up, down and across slopes. ●
      The Aurora utilizes primarily aluminum tubing that is bent, fastened, and/or welded to create a frame. The frame is comprised primarily of side frame, X-brace, foot rest, and caster fork subassemblies. Upholstery is made from fire-resistance fabric. The rear wheels of the Aurora can be removed making the wheelchair lighter for lifting or carrying.
      The side frames have three axle holes that allow the rear wheel position to be adjusted forward and backward. Wheel position affects the rider's forward and backward stability by changing wheel axle position relative to the person's center of gravity. The position of the rear wheel relative to the rider's center of gravity also affects the amount of the rider's weight that is distributed onto the front casters, and allows the rider to maximize maneuverability and control.
      The Aurora side frame fenders act as fixed arm rests and enable transferring in and out of the wheelchair. The side frame also includes the backrest tubes and push handles. The backrest tubes can be adjusted up and down to meet basic support requirements of the rider and/or their companion. Wheel locks attach to the side frame and prevent the rear wheels from turning. The locks keep the wheels from moving during transfers or when a stationary position is necessary.
      An X-Brace connects the side frames of the wheelchair together, determines the chair width, and allows the frame to fold. With the X-Brace in the unfolded position, the chair performs much like a typical X-Brace folding wheelchair. The Aurora can be easily folded for stowage or storage and fits easily into the cargo carrying areas of most vehicles.
      The seat upholstery fastens to the top surface of each X-brace seat tube and provides support for the rider to sit. The angled, sling-style seat and tension-adjustable back fabric offers seating suitable for many different riders. The tilted seat helps keep the rider slightly reclined to reduce the chances of tipping forward and out of the chair. The back fabric can be adjusted to increase or reduce back fabric tension. The seat width of the Aurora is determined by the size of the x
      brace and the seat fabric and fixed at the point of fabrication, based on the customer order. The seat can be used with a range of wheelchair and flotation (pressure relief) cushions.
      The footrests are not easily removable and support the rider's lower legs or feet. The footrests are independently adjustable up and down to position the rider's legs appropriately. The footrests are hinged and can be folded up to enable easier transfers into and out of the Aurora. When the Aurora is unfolded, and the rider is sitting in the chair, the footrest design can give the rider added protection for their toes from doors or other obstacles.
      The casters include the caster wheels (hubs and tires) and a caster fork. The caster is mounted to the front of the side frame using the caster barrel. The casters can turn freely 360°. The casters of the Aurora are positioned approximately five inches further forward than most hospital- or boxstyle wheelchair designs. This additional distance gives the rider of the Aurora a stable ride, in terms of forward stability.
      To prevent unintended changes to the chair configuration and reduce risk to the rider, most adjustment (footrest and backrest height) require access to basic tools.
      The maximum weight capacity of the chair is 250 lb (114kg).
      The Aurora is based on and substantially equivalent to the established and tested design, of the Whirlwind RoughRider. This design has been refined with input from thousands of wheelchair riders around the world after over 15 years of use. The Aurora is easy to clean and uses a range of standardized components that are easy to maintain and replace.
    AI/ML Overview

    The provided text is a 510(k) Summary for a manual wheelchair, the "RoughRider America™ RoughRider Aurora™ Manual Wheelchair." It primarily focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence to a predicate device, the "Whirlwind RoughRider Wheelchair," by comparing technological characteristics and presenting performance data based on recognized consensus standards.

    This document does not describe a study involving an AI/algorithmic device or its acceptance criteria based on human-in-the-loop performance, expert ground truth establishment, training sets, or adjudication methods. The "device" in question is a physical manual wheelchair.

    Therefore, for the specific questions related to AI/algorithmic device validation (acceptance criteria, test set details, expert ground truth, adjudication, MRMC studies, standalone performance, training set details, etc.), the provided text does not contain the information needed to answer them.

    The document does discuss performance data for the wheelchair in terms of meeting specific ISO standards. If the intent was to understand the "acceptance criteria" and "study" for a physical device based on this document, here's an interpretation:

    Acceptance Criteria and Supporting Study for a Manual Wheelchair (Physical Device)

    1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

    The acceptance criteria for the RoughRider America™ RoughRider Aurora™ Manual Wheelchair are primarily framed in terms of meeting the requirements and passing the tests outlined in a set of FDA-Recognized Consensus Standards (ISO standards). While specific numerical acceptance thresholds within each ISO standard are not detailed in this summary, the general criterion is "The applicable tests described in these standards were passed."

    Acceptance Criteria (Implicit from ISO Standards Met)Reported Device Performance (as stated in the document)
    Static Stability (uphill, downhill, sideways) - conforms to ISO 7176-1:2014Passed applicable tests. Specific reported values: Downhill: 31°, Uphill: 9°-21°, Sideways: 20°
    Effectiveness of Brakes - conforms to ISO 7176-3:2012Passed applicable tests.
    Overall Dimensions, Mass, and Maneuvering Space - conforms to ISO 7176-5:2008Passed applicable tests. Specific reported values for dimensions and mass are provided in the comparison table.
    Measurement of Seating and Wheel Dimensions - conforms to ISO 7176-7:1998Passed applicable tests. Specific reported values for seating/wheel dimensions are provided.
    Static, Impact, and Fatigue Strengths - conforms to ISO 7176-8:2014Passed applicable tests. The document specifically notes that "Testing to recognized consensus standards has demonstrated the durability of the aluminum frame" and "greater load capacity."
    Test Dummy Requirements - conforms to ISO 7176-11:2012Passed applicable tests.
    Coefficient of Friction of Test Surfaces - conforms to ISO 7176-13:1989Passed applicable tests.
    Information Disclosure, Documentation, and Labeling - conforms to ISO 7176-15:1996Passed applicable tests.
    Resistance to Ignition of Postural Support Devices - conforms to ISO 7176-16:2012Passed applicable tests.
    Set-Up Procedures - conforms to ISO 7176-22:2014Passed applicable tests.
    Weight CapacityMeets 250 lb (114 kg) capacity. (Predicate device had 220 lb)
    Durability of Aluminum Frame"Demonstrated the durability"
    Durability of Adjustable Backrest and Push Handles"Demonstrated the durability"

    2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and the Data Provenance

    For a physical device like a wheelchair, "test set" typically refers to the number of physical units subjected to testing, rather than a dataset of clinical images. The document does not specify the number of wheelchair units tested. The data provenance is implied to be from laboratory testing conducted by the manufacturer or a contracted testing facility, as per the mentioned ISO standards. It is not clinical data (retrospective or prospective).

    3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and the Qualifications of Those Experts

    This question is not applicable to the validation of a physical manual wheelchair. "Ground truth" in this context would be derived from physical measurements and mechanical stress tests according to standardized protocols, not expert clinical interpretation.

    4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

    This question is not applicable. The "tests" here are standardized engineering and mechanical performance tests, not subjective interpretations requiring adjudication.

    5. If a Multi Reader Multi Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

    This question is not applicable. The device is a manual wheelchair, not an AI or imaging diagnostic tool.

    6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

    This question is not applicable as the device is not an algorithm. The "standalone performance" of the wheelchair refers to its ability to meet the stated ISO standards and functional specifications independently.

    7. The Type of Ground Truth Used

    For this medical device, the "ground truth" is established by:

    • Standardized Test Protocols: The specific methodologies and measurements defined within the cited ISO 7176 series standards.
    • Physical Measurements and Mechanical Performance: Quantitative outcomes from these standardized tests, such as stability angles, dimensions, mass, and resistance to force (fatigue, impact).
    • Material Properties: Verification that the aluminum frame meets material strength and durability specifications to support increased weight capacity.

    8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

    This question is not applicable. There is no "training set" in the context of validating a physical manual wheelchair. The design refinements over 15 years, informed by "thousands of wheelchair riders around the world," represent an iterative design and improvement process, but not an algorithmic training set.

    9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set was Established

    Not applicable, as there is no training set as defined for an AI device. The design evolution was based on real-world use and feedback, leading to refinements in features like the adjustable backrest and material choice (aluminum for lighter weight and higher capacity).

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    K Number
    K200466
    Date Cleared
    2021-06-14

    (474 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    Manual Wheelchair (Model W28)

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The W28 Manual Wheelchair is to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position.

    Device Description

    A mechanical wheelchair is a chair with wheels, designed to be a replacement for walking, where it is propelled by the seated occupant turning the rear wheels by hand. There are also handles behind the seat for someone else to do the pushing. Wheelchairs are used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness, injury, or disability. The device is intended for adults only.

    W28 is a mechanical wheelchair including four wheels, a steel frame cover black paint and a textilene upholstery that is flame resistant. W28 has a physical dimension of 1100mm × 908mm (depth × width × height) with the seat itself has a dimension of 415mm × 500mm × 475mm (depth × height). The device has a weight capacity of 136 kilograms, and weighs about 20.5 kilograms. The color is dark black.

    Occupant mass group of the manual wheelchair belongs to III. Armrest is non flip back/non height adjustable. Rear axle is offset axle, quick release axle.

    The components include frame, back upholstery, seat upholstery, handgrip, armrest, armrest pad, side panel, rear wheel, handrim, wheel lock, caster, caster fork, footrest, footplate.

    Main materials: Steel (frame, armrest, wheel lock, caster fork, footrest, footplate), PVC (handgrip, side panel, handrim, caster, back upholstery, seat upholstery, armrest pad, rear wheel)

    AI/ML Overview

    The provided text describes the regulatory clearance for the "Manual Wheelchair (Model W28)" and its substantial equivalence to a predicate device. It does not describe an AI/ML powered medical device, an acceptance criteria table related to AI model performance, or a study to prove an AI model meets acceptance criteria.

    Therefore, I cannot provide the requested information regarding acceptance criteria and a study proving an AI device meets those criteria based on the provided document. The document details the physical characteristics, performance standards, and biocompatibility of a manual wheelchair.

    However, I can extract the acceptance criteria and study information related to the manual wheelchair's physical and performance aspects if that is what you intended. Please clarify if you are interested in the acceptance criteria and performance study for the manual wheelchair itself, rather than an AI/ML device.

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    K Number
    K201461
    Date Cleared
    2021-05-21

    (353 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3850
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Device Name :

    Manual Wheelchair, Model A011

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The A011 Manual Wheelchair is to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position.

    Device Description

    A mechanical wheelchair is a chair with wheels, designed to be a replacement for walking, where it is propelled by the seated occupant turning the rear wheels by hand. There are also handles behind the seat for someone else to do the pushing. Wheelchairs are used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness, injury, or disability. Manual Wheelchair A011 is a mechanical wheelchair including four wheels, a Aluminum alloy frame and a textilene upholstery that is flame resistant. A011 has a physical dimension of 1100mm × 660mm × width × height) with the seat itself has a dimension of 480mm × 430mm (depth × width × height). The device has a weight capacity of 136 kilograms, and weighs about 16 kilograms. The color is yellow and black.

    AI/ML Overview

    This document describes the premarket notification for the Manual Wheelchair, Model A011. The information provided is for a physical medical device (a manual wheelchair) and not a software/AI-based medical device. Therefore, many of the requested criteria, such as "number of experts used to establish ground truth," "adjudication method," "MRMC comparative effectiveness study," and details about training/test sets for an algorithm, are not applicable to this submission.

    The acceptance criteria for this device are based on performance standards for manual wheelchairs and comparisons to a predicate device, focusing on physical characteristics and safety.

    Here's an analysis of the provided text in relation to your request, highlighting what is present and what is not applicable:


    1. A table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance

    The acceptance criteria are generally "Meets [ISO Standard]" or "Comply with [ISO Standard]," implying that the device's performance reached the thresholds defined by these international standards. The reported device performance is explicitly stated as meeting these standards.

    Acceptance Criteria (ISO Standard)Reported Device Performance
    Static stability (ISO 7176-1:2014)Meets ISO 7176-1:2014
    Effectiveness of brakes (ISO 7176-3:2012)Meets ISO 7176-3:2012
    Dimensions, mass and maneuvering space (ISO 7176-5:2008)Meets ISO 7176-5:2008
    Seating and wheel dimensions (ISO 7176-7:1998)Meets ISO 7176-7:1998
    Static, impact, and fatigue strengths (ISO 7176-8:2014)Meets ISO 7176-8:2014
    Information disclosure, documentation and labeling (ISO 7176-15:1996)Meets ISO 7176-15:1996
    Resistance to ignition (ISO 7176-16:2012)Meets ISO 7176-16:2012
    Biocompatibility: Cytotoxicity (ISO 10993-5)Not cytotoxicity effect.
    Biocompatibility: Irritation (ISO 10993-10)Not an irritant.
    Biocompatibility: Sensitization (ISO 10993-10)Not a sensitizer.
    Wheel landing performanceAll wheels except the lifting wheels must land smoothly
    Hill-holding performance>8°
    Sliding offset
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