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The PET/CT Patient Handling System (PHS) is a system component of CPS ECAT PET/CT tomographic scanner systems, which are combined positron emission tomography (PET) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanners. The PET/CT Patient Handling System is used to support and move a patient through the PET/CT scanner while CT and PET diagnostic image data are being acquired from the patient.

The ECAT PET/CT scanners are intended to be utilized by appropriately trained health care professionals to 1) image and measure the distribution of injected positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals in humans for the purpose of determining various metabolic (molecular) and physiologic functions within the human body; and 2) to produce crosssectional images of the body by computer reconstruction of x-ray transmission data from either the same axial plane taken at different angles or spiral planes* taken at different angles.

The PET and the CT functions of these systems can also be used in combination to provide high resolution, noise free CT attenuation correction maps for PET images and, additionally, utilized to produce fused CT and PET images, providing detailed anatomic and metabolic function information in a single image.

The subject device is the patient handling system (PHS) or patient bed that is used with the currently marketed CPS ECAT PET/CT scanners. The ECAT PET/CT, ECAT LSO PET/CT and ECAT LSO PET/CT 16 systems are combined position tomography (PET) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanners. These three dual modality PET/CT tomographs all utilize the same basic patient handling system (PHS) to support and move the patient through the patient port in the scanner gantry. Currently, vertical positioning of the patient on the bed of these PET/CT scanners is only possible when the PHS bed is fully retracted out of the patient port.

The proposed modification for the PHS used on these three PET/CT scanners, which consists of two added footswitches and revised PHS controller firmware, will enable the system operator to raise or lower the PHS bed a limited distance when the bed and patient are in the scanner field of view (FOV), inside the patient port. This modification will allow the operator to more accurately position the patient in the FOV without having to first retract the bed and patient completely out of the patient port.

The provided document is a 510(k) summary for a PET/CT Patient Handling System (PHS) modification. It describes the device, its intended use, and claims substantial equivalence to previously marketed devices. However, it does not include detailed information about specific acceptance criteria or a dedicated study with the kind of quantitative performance data, ground truth establishment, or expert involvement typically associated with AI/algorithm-based medical devices.

The document states that "The modified PET/CT Patient Positioning System has been tested by CPS and found to meet its predetermined safety and performance requirements." However, it does not provide the specific acceptance criteria or the results of these tests in a detailed manner.

Given the nature of the device (a patient handling system modification, not an AI or image analysis algorithm), many of the requested elements for an AI device study (like sample size for test set, data provenance, number of experts, MRMC studies, standalone performance, training set details) are not applicable or not provided in this regulatory submission.

Here's an attempt to answer the questions based only on the provided text, while acknowledging the limitations for an AI-focused request:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

Based on the provided text, specific quantitative acceptance criteria or detailed device performance metrics (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, AUC) are NOT explicitly stated in the 510(k) summary.

The summary broadly states: "The modified PET/CT Patient Positioning System has been tested by CPS and found to meet its predetermined safety and performance requirements."

The "performance" described relates to the functionality of the modification rather than diagnostic accuracy: "The proposed modification... will enable the system operator to raise or lower the PHS bed a limited distance when the bed and patient are in the scanner field of view (FOV), inside the patient port. This modification will allow the operator to more accurately position the patient in the FOV without having to first retract the bed and patient completely out of the patient port."

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

Not applicable/Not provided. This is a hardware modification to a patient handling system, not an algorithm that processes data. Therefore, there isn't a "test set" of images or data in the context of an AI device. The testing referenced would be engineering and functional testing of the hardware and firmware.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and Their Qualifications

Not applicable. Ground truth for diagnostic performance is not relevant for this device type and modification. The "ground truth" for its functionality would be whether the footswitches successfully operate the bed in the specified manner, which is typically verified through engineering tests.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

Not applicable. No diagnostic test set requiring adjudication is mentioned or relevant.

5. If a Multi Reader Multi Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study Was Done

No, an MRMC comparative effectiveness study was not done, as it's not relevant for this type of device modification. The device is a direct patient handling system, not an AI-assisted diagnostic tool.

6. If a Standalone (i.e., algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) Was Done

Not applicable. This device is a mechanical patient handling system with firmware. The concept of "standalone algorithm performance" does not apply. The performance is inherently linked to human operation.

7. The Type of Ground Truth Used

For the functionality of the device, the ground truth would be the direct observation of the PHS bed raising/lowering as intended with the new footswitch controls, and verification that it operates within specified mechanical and electrical tolerances and safety parameters. This is typically established through direct engineering measurement and functional testing. For safety, compliance with listed standards (IEC 60601-1, UL 187) would be the "ground truth" requirement.

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

Not applicable. This is not an AI device that uses a "training set."

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

Not applicable.

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The ECAT LSO PET/CT 16 tomographic scanner system is a combined positron emission tomography (PET) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner. The ECAT LSO PET/CT 16 scanner is intended to be utilized by appropriately trained health care professionals to 1) image and measure the distribution of injected positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals in humans for the purpose of determining various metabolic (molecular) and physiologic functions within the human body; and 2) to produce cross-sectional images of the body by computer reconstruction of x-ray transmission data from either the same axial plane taken at different angles or spiral planes* taken at different angles.

The PET and the CT functions of this system can also be used in combination to provide high resolution, noise free CT attenuation correction maps for PET images and, additionally, utilized to produce fused CT and PET images, providing detailed anatomic and metabolic function information in a single image.

(*spiral planes: the axial planes resulted from the continuous rotation of detectors and x-ray tube and the simultaneous translation of the patient.)

The ECAT LSO PET/CT 16 is a combined positron emission tomography (PET) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner. This dual modality tomograph is a modified version of the ECAT LSO PET/CT (K013504) and will utilize the same PET component as the ECAT LSO PET/CT scanner. However, in place of the Siemens P10 SOMATOM EMOTION CT component that uses a single or dual row of X-Ray detectors, the ECAT LSO PET/CT 16 will be configured with the Siemens P30 SOMATOM SENSATION CT, utilizing 24 rows of X-Ray detectors and having the capability to acquire 16 slices of X-Ray data simultaneously. As with the unmodified system, 2D PET acquisition septa and the PET transmission sources are not incorporated in the modified ECAT LSO PET/CT. PET emission data is acquired only in 3D mode and PET attenuation correction map data are obtained from the CT. The PET and CT components are contained within a unified housing similar to the original ECAT LSO PET/CT to create an integrated, PET, CT, and combined PET/CT, tomographic imaging system.

The ECAT LSO PET/CT 16 gantry structure, patient handling system (PHS), advanced computational system (ACS 3), workstation and software will be similar to the ECAT LSO PET/CT with only minor modifications. The gantry's unified housing has been modified cosmetically and enlarged to accommodate the increased size of the SOMATOM P30 CT gantry. In addition, the patient handling system (PHS) has been modified to ensure adequate dual scan coverage for PET and CT patient scanning, with the increased axial depth of the new SOMATOM P30 CT gantry. The high performance Siemens P30 SOMATOM SENSATION CT with 16 slice capability provides for faster and higher quality CT acquisitions but does not otherwise affect performance of the ECAT LSO PET/CT 16.

The ECAT LSO PET/CT 16 scanner is intended for use primarily as a clinical, whole-body oncology machine with high-end spiral CT performance and fast patient-throughput clinical PET performance. As on the original system, the CT component will also enhance PET scans by allowing fast, essentially noise-free, attenuation correction for PET studies and by providing precise anatomical reference through fused PET and CT images. In addition, the ECAT LSO PET/CT 16 will retain mechanical isolation and independent functionality of the PET and CT scanning systems, thereby allowing for most standard CT and PET clinical diagnostic protocols to be available on the PET/CT system.

The purpose of introducing this modified ECAT LSO PET/CT 16 system is to offer a combined PET and CT tomograph having very high CT performance with the fast throughput of the ECAT ACCEL PET, as a higher performance alternative to the presently distributed ECAT LSO PET/CT system.

This document is a 510(k) summary for a medical device (ECAT LSO PET/CT 16), which primarily focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence to a predicate device. It does not contain the detailed study information typically found in a clinical trial report or a performance validation study.

Therefore, many of the requested elements about acceptance criteria and study particulars cannot be fully extracted from the provided text. The document asserts that the combined PET/CT system "has been tested by CPS and found to meet its predetermined performance requirements" but does not detail what those requirements are or the specifics of the testing.

Here's an analysis of what can be inferred or explicitly stated:

Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

The document states that the device was found to meet "predetermined performance requirements." However, specific numerical acceptance criteria or performance metrics (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, image resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, diagnostic accuracy improvements) are NOT provided in the text. The primary focus of this 510(k) is to demonstrate substantial equivalence based on technological similarity and safety/effectiveness, not detailed performance metrics against specific criteria.

• CT component meets 21CFR 1020.30 and 1020.33. |
  | - Functionality for whole-body oncology, fast patient-throughput PET, fast and high-quality CT acquisition, precise anatomical reference. | - Intended for clinical, whole-body oncology.
• High-end spiral CT performance and fast patient-throughput clinical PET performance are maintained/enhanced.
• Provides fast, noise-free attenuation correction and precise anatomical reference through fused images. |

Study Details

1. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance (e.g. country of origin of the data, retrospective or prospective):

   • Not specified. The document states "The combined PET/CT system has been tested by CPS," but gives no details about the test set (number of patients, number of images, type of data, provenance).

2. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts (e.g. radiologist with 10 years of experience):

   • Not specified. The document makes no mention of expert review or ground truth establishment for a test set. This type of detail is typically part of a clinical performance study, which is not fully described here.

3. Adjudication method (e.g. 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set:

   • Not applicable/Not specified. The document does not describe a test set or an adjudication process for diagnostic performance.

4. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance:

   • No, an MRMC study was NOT done. This document describes a hardware modification to an existing device (upgrading the CT component). It is not evaluating an AI algorithm or human-AI interaction.

5. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

   • Not applicable/Not specified. This pertains to a medical imaging device (a PET/CT scanner), not an algorithm that operates in a standalone mode. The device itself is the "standalone" imaging system.

6. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc.):

   • Not specified. Given the nature of a 510(k) for a hardware upgrade, the "testing" likely focused on engineering performance, safety, and imaging characteristics rather than diagnostic accuracy against pathological ground truth for clinical cases.

7. The sample size for the training set:

   • Not applicable/Not specified. This device is a PET/CT scanner, not an AI or machine learning algorithm that typically requires a "training set."

8. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

   • Not applicable/Not specified. As there is no mentioned training set, there's no ground truth establishment for it.

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