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The KnoxFog Anti-fogging Device is a temporary anti-fog coating and therein inhibits fogging on optical lenses. It is a laparoscopic accessory intended to facilitate intraoperative defogging of laparoscope lenses, thereby maintaining visualization of the surgical site and closed body cavity.

KnoxFog™ is intended for use as an anti-fog solution applied to rigid endoscope lenses prior to insertion into the body to maintain optical clarity during endoscopic procedures.

KnoxFog™ is a semi-sol gel anti-fog coating designed to prevent condensation on endoscopic lenses during surgical procedures. The device is supplied as a sterile solution in single-use containers for application immediately prior to endoscopic procedures. When applied to the endoscope lens, KnoxFog™ forms a transparent hydrophilic coating that prevents fog formation by maintaining optical clarity in high-humidity environments. The product is terminally sterilized using gamma radiation to ensure safety for use in surgical environments.

The provided FDA 510(k) clearance letter for the KnoxFog Anti-fogging Device focuses on the device's technical specifications and substantial equivalence to a predicate device, VitreOx™. However, it does not contain information typically associated with studies proving a device meets acceptance criteria for an AI/ML medical device, which would involve aspects like expert ground truth, multi-reader studies, or large data sets.

The document describes bench testing for an anti-fogging solution, not an AI/ML algorithm. Therefore, many of the requested points regarding AI/ML device studies (e.g., ground truth establishment, training sets, MRMC studies, standalone performance) are not applicable to the information provided.

I can, however, extract the acceptance criteria and performance data for the anti-fogging device based on the provided text.

Acceptance Criteria and Device Performance (KnoxFog Anti-fogging Device)

Based on the provided document, the "acceptance criteria" appear to be implicitly defined by the comparative performance against the predicate device, VitreOx™, specifically in terms of time-to-fog. Other tests (transportation, accelerated aging, biocompatibility) are also performance indicators but without explicit numerical acceptance thresholds provided beyond general "stability," "shelf-life claims," and "biocompatible."

Here's the information that can be extracted:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

Note on "Acceptance Criteria": The document doesn't explicitly state numerical acceptance criteria for "Transportation Stability," "Accelerated Aging," or "Biocompatibility." Instead, it states that the tests verified stability, confirmed shelf-life claims, and demonstrated biocompatibility in accordance with standards. The time-to-fog analysis is the most quantitative comparative criterion mentioned.

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

• Sample Size: Not explicitly stated for any of the tests (Time-to-Fog, Transportation, Accelerated Aging, Biocompatibility). The text just mentions "comparative testing" and "studies."
• Data Provenance: Not specified (e.g., country of origin). The studies appear to be bench testing performed by the manufacturer, UV ONE Hygienics, Inc. The document does not indicate if the data was retrospective or prospective in the medical context, as it's a materials science/engineering evaluation rather than a clinical study.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish Ground Truth for the Test Set and Qualifications of Experts

• Not Applicable. This device is an anti-fogging solution, not an AI/ML diagnostic or image interpretation device. The "ground truth" would be objective measurements of fogging, material stability, and biological reactions, not expert consensus on medical images.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

• Not Applicable. As above, this is for assessment of an anti-fogging solution, not human interpretation of data requiring adjudication.

5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study Was Done

• No. An MRMC study is relevant for evaluating the impact of AI on human reader performance, typically in interpreting medical images. This device is a topical anti-fogging agent. The "Performance Data" section details bench testing comparing the device's technical performance (time-to-fog, stability) to a predicate, not how it affects human readers.

6. If a Standalone (i.e., algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) Was Done

• Not Applicable. This is not an algorithm. The performance data presented (time-to-fog, stability, biocompatibility) are inherently "standalone" in the sense that they measure the physical properties of the device itself.

7. The Type of Ground Truth Used

• Objective Measurements/Material Science:
  • For "Time-to-Fog Analysis": The ground truth is the measurable time until fog formation on the endoscope lens under specific conditions.
  • For "Transportation Testing": The ground truth relates to the physical integrity and continued functionality of the product after simulated transport.
  • For "Accelerated Aging": The ground truth is the product's stability and efficacy over time, extrapolated from accelerated conditions.
  • For "Biocompatibility Testing": The ground truth is established through standardized in vitro and in vivo biological tests (e.g., cytotoxicity, irritation) according to ISO 10993 standards.

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

• Not Applicable. This is not an AI/ML device that requires a training set.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

• Not Applicable. As above, no training set for an AI/ML algorithm is involved.

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1. Metastatic tumor (i.e. osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumor or osteoma) where massive resection and transplantation are needed.

2. Severe knee joint damage resulting from trauma where massive resection and transplantation are needed.

3. Non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease such as avascular necrosis, osteoarthritis, or traumatic arthritis.

4. Revision of previously failed total joint arthroplasty, osteotomy, or arthrodesis.

5. Joint instability resulting from excessive bone resection

For Femoral component, Hinged/ Tibial baseplate, Hinged/ Cemented tibial stem/ Cemented Straight stem, RHS, non coated/ Cemented Curved stem, RHS, non coated/ Cemented Straight stem, RHS/ Cemented Curved stem, RHS/ Tibial Augment: These devices are single use implant and intended for cemented use only.

For Distal Femoral Component, RHS/ Proximal Tibial Component, RHS/ Tibial stem/ Segment Part, RHS/ Segment Part, RHS, Bridge: These devices are single use implant and PSC and intended for cementless use only.

"United" USTAR II System is used for patients who present large quantity of bone loss and deformity associated with previous failed arthroplasty, ligament deficiencies, tumor resection, or trauma and may require a further operation or reconstruction. The USTAR II System includes implanted arthroplasty components of both the USTAR II Knee System and USTAR II Hip System.

For the subject device, it's an extension line of 510(K) cleared device USTAR II System (K190100), which introduces two new variations:

1. Cemented curved stem, RHS, non-coated: diameter 17×200 mm
2. Tibial stem: stem length from 30mm to 150 mm by stem diameter from diameter 9 to diameter 24

The compatibility of cemented curved stem, RHS, non-coated and tibial stem is same as that of the 510(k) cleared USTAR II system (K190100).

Cemented Curved Stem, RHS, non-coated is an extension in terms of sizes to 510 (k) cleared device USTAR II system (K190100). Its design, materials, geometrical characteristic, locking mechanism, and manufacturing process are identical to that of the 510(k) cleared Cemented Curved Stem, RHS, non-coated.

Tibial stem's design, materials, geometrical characteristic, locking mechanism, and manufacturing process are identical to that of the 510(k) cleared Tibial Stem while the only difference lies in its specification

Please note: The provided FDA 510(k) clearance letter and summary describe a medical device (Stem Extension Line for the USTAR II System), which is an orthopedic implant. This document does not describe an AI/Software as a Medical Device (SaMD).

Therefore, the requested information about "acceptance criteria and the study that proves the device meets the acceptance criteria" in the context of an AI/SaMD, including details like "number of experts used to establish ground truth," "adjudication method," "MRMC study," "standalone performance," "training set size," and "ground truth establishment for training set," are not applicable to this type of device submission.

The provided text focuses on the mechanical and design equivalence of the new implant variations to a previously cleared predicate device. The "study" mentioned refers to non-clinical mechanical analyses.

Below is an interpretation of the requested points adapted to the context of this orthopedic implant:

Acceptance Criteria and Study for the Stem Extension Line (USTAR II System)

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

For this orthopedic implant, the acceptance criteria are based on established international standards for the mechanical performance of prosthetic components and demonstrate equivalence to the predicate device.

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance

• Sample Size for Test Set: Not explicitly stated as a number of physical implants or test articles in the provided summary. For mechanical testing, typically a defined number of test samples are used per standard, but the specific quantity is not given here.
• Data Provenance: The studies are non-clinical mechanical analyses performed to international standards (ISO, ASTM). The origin of the "data" itself would be the laboratory where these mechanical tests were conducted. It's a prospective design verification process, not a retrospective or prospective clinical study with human data.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts

• Not Applicable. This is a non-clinical, mechanical device clearance. "Ground truth" in the context of clinical interpretation or diagnosis by experts (e.g., radiologists) is not relevant here. Ground truth is established by standardized material properties, engineering specifications, and mechanical test results per the referenced ISO and ASTM standards. Experts involved would be engineers and material scientists responsible for the design, testing, and analysis, ensuring compliance with manufacturing and performance standards.

4. Adjudication method (e.g. 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set

• Not Applicable. Adjudication methods like 2+1 or 3+1 typically refer to consensus readings or evaluations by multiple human experts in studies involving subjective interpretation (e.g., imaging, clinical outcomes). For mechanical testing, the results are quantitative and objective, measured against predefined acceptance criteria from engineering standards.

5. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

• Not Applicable. MRMC studies are specific to evaluating the clinical performance of diagnostic aids, particularly those involving human interpretation, and are commonly used for AI/ML in medical imaging. This submission concerns the mechanical safety and functionality of an orthopedic implant. No human reader involvement or AI assistance is relevant.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

• Not Applicable. "Standalone performance" refers to the performance of an AI algorithm independent of human input. This device is a physical orthopedic implant, not an algorithm or software.

7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc)

• The "ground truth" for this type of device is based on engineering standards and specifications. This includes:
  • Material properties: Verifying components meet specified material strengths and compositions.
  • Geometric tolerances: Ensuring dimensions align with design specifications.
  • Mechanical performance: Demonstrating the implant can withstand anticipated loads and stresses as defined by the ISO and ASTM test standards (e.g., fatigue life, static strength).
  • Equivalence to Predicate Device: The primary "ground truth" is that the new variations perform equivalently to or better than the already cleared predicate device under the same test conditions.

8. The sample size for the training set

• Not Applicable. This is not an AI/ML device where a "training set" of data is used to develop an algorithm. The "design" and "manufacturing process" are based on established engineering principles and prior validated designs (the predicate device).

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

• Not Applicable. As there is no "training set" in the context of an AI/ML algorithm for this physical device, there is no method for establishing its "ground truth." The design and manufacturing processes are validated through engineering analyses and quality control processes to meet the required specifications and standards.

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The ACUSON Sequoia and Sequoia Select ultrasound imaging systems are intended to provide images of, or signals from, inside the body by an appropriately trained healthcare professional in a clinical setting for the following applications: Fetal, Abdominal, Pediatric, Neonatal Cephalic, Small Parts, OB/GYN (useful for visualization of the ovaries, follicles, uterus and other pelvic structures), Cardiac, Transesophageal, Pelvic, Vascular, Adult Cephalic, Musculoskeletal and Peripheral Vascular applications.

The system supports the Ultrasonically-Derived Fat Fraction (UDFF) measurement tool to report an index that can be useful as an aid to a physician managing adult and pediatric patients with hepatic steatosis.

The system also provides the ability to measure anatomical structures for fetal, abdominal, pediatric, small organ, cardiac, transrectal, transvaginal, peripheral vessel, musculoskeletal and calculation packages that provide information to the clinician that may be used adjunctively with other medical data obtained by a physician for clinical diagnosis purposes.

The ACUSON Origin and Origin ICE ultrasound imaging systems are intended to provide images of, or signals from, inside the body by an appropriately trained healthcare professional in a clinical setting for the following applications: Fetal, Abdominal, Pediatric, OB/GYN (useful for visualization of the ovaries, follicles, uterus and other pelvic structures), Cardiac, Transesophageal, Intracardiac, Vascular, Adult Cephalic, and Peripheral Vascular applications.

The catheter is intended for intracardiac and intra-luminal visualization of cardiac and great vessel anatomy and physiology as well as visualization of other devices in the heart of adult and pediatric patients. The catheter is intended for imaging guidance only, not treatment delivery, during cardiac interventional percutaneous procedures.

The system also provides the ability to measure anatomical structures for fetal, abdominal, pediatric, cardiac, peripheral vessel, and calculation packages that provide information to the clinician that may be used adjunctively with other medical data obtained by a physician for clinical diagnosis purposes.

The ACUSON Sequoia, Sequoia Select, Origin, and Origin ICE Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems (software version VC10) are multi-purpose, mobile, software-controlled, diagnostic ultrasound systems with an on-screen display of thermal and mechanical indices related to potential bio- effect mechanisms. The function of these ultrasound systems is to transmit, receive, process ultrasound echo data (distance and intensities information about body tissue) in various modes of operation and display it as ultrasound imaging, anatomical and quantitative measurements, calculations, analysis of the human body and fluid flow, etc. These ultrasound systems use a variety of transducers to provide imaging in all standard acquisition modes and also have comprehensive networking and DICOM capabilities.

The provided FDA 510(k) clearance letter and summary discuss the ACUSON Sequoia, Sequoia Select, Origin, and Origin ICE Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems. This document indicates a submission for software feature enhancements and workflow improvements, including an "AI Measure and AI Assist workflow efficiency feature" and "Liver Elastography optimization."

Here's an analysis of the acceptance criteria and the study information provided:

Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

The submission focuses on enhancements to existing cleared devices rather than a de novo AI device. Therefore, the "acceptance criteria" discussed are primarily related to the performance of the Liver Elastography optimization using phantom testing.

Study Details for Liver Elastography Optimization (SWE Performance Testing)

The primary study mentioned in the document for performance evaluation is related to the Liver Elastography optimization.

1. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and the Data Provenance:

   • Test Set: Calibrated elasticity phantoms. The specific number of phantoms used is not stated beyond "calibrated elasticity phantoms."
   • Data Provenance: Not explicitly stated, but implies laboratory testing using commercially available or manufacturer-certified phantoms. Transducers listed were DAX, 5C1, 9C2, 4V1, and 10L4.

2. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and the Qualifications of those Experts:

   • Ground Truth Establishment: The ground truth for the test set (phantom stiffness) was established by the phantom manufacturer, as they were "calibrated elasticity phantoms certified by the phantom manufacturer."
   • Number/Qualifications of Experts: The document does not specify the number or qualifications of experts involved in the phantom's certification process or in the actual testing of the Siemens device. The testing appears to be objective, relying on the calibrated properties of the phantoms.

3. Adjudication Method for the Test Set:

   • Adjudication Method: Not applicable. Phantom testing typically relies on quantitative measurements against known phantom properties, not human adjudication of results.

4. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study was done:

   • MRMC Study: No, an MRMC comparative effectiveness study was not conducted according to this document. The submission focuses on technical enhancements and phantom validation for elastography, and system safety/effectiveness.

5. If a Standalone (i.e., algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

   • Standalone Performance: The "SWE Performance Testing" with phantoms could be considered a form of standalone performance assessment as it evaluates the device's measurement capabilities against a known standard. However, the AI Measure and AI Assist features are described as "workflow efficiency features" where measurements are "automatically launched" after classification, implying an interaction with a human user rather than a fully standalone diagnostic output. No specific standalone performance metrics for the AI Measure/Assist components are provided.

6. The Type of Ground Truth Used:

   • Ground Truth: For the elastography testing, the ground truth was the known stiffness values of the calibrated elasticity phantoms.

7. The Sample Size for the Training Set:

   • Training Set Sample Size: The document does not provide information about a training set size for the AI Measure and AI Assist features or the elastography optimization. This type of 510(k) submission typically focuses on validation and verification of changes to an already cleared product, rather than detailing the initial development or training data for AI algorithms.

8. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established:

   • Training Set Ground Truth: Not applicable, as information on a specific training set is not provided in this document.

Summary regarding AI components:

While the document mentions "AI Measure" and "AI Assist" as workflow efficiency features (e.g., launching relevant measurements after cardiac view classification), it does not provide detailed performance metrics, test set sizes, ground truth establishment, or clinical study information specifically for these AI components. The 510(k) emphasizes that these are "software feature enhancements and workflow improvements" that, along with other changes, do not raise new questions of safety and effectiveness, leading to substantial equivalence with the predicate device. The only detailed "performance testing" described is for the Liver Elastography optimization using phantoms. This suggests that the AI features themselves might have been validated through internal software verification and validation activities that are not detailed in this public summary, or their impact on diagnostic performance was considered incremental and not requiring specific clinical comparative studies for this particular submission.

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WELLlife Flu A&B Home Test:
The WELLlife Flu A&B Home Test is a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay intended for the qualitative detection and differentiation of influenza A and influenza B nucleoprotein antigens directly in anterior nasal swab samples from individuals with signs and symptoms of respiratory tract infection. This test is for non-prescription home use by individuals aged 14 years or older testing themselves, or adults testing other individuals aged 2 years or older.

All negative results are presumptive and should be confirmed with an FDA-cleared molecular assay when determined to be appropriate by a healthcare provider. Negative results do not rule out infection with influenza or other pathogens. Individuals who test negative and experience continued or worsening respiratory symptoms, such as fever, cough and/or shortness of breath, should seek follow-up care from their healthcare provider.

Positive results do not rule out co-infection with other respiratory pathogens, and therefore do not substitute for a visit to a healthcare provider or appropriate follow-up.

WELLlife Influenza A&B Test:
The WELLlife Influenza A&B Test is a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay intended for the qualitative detection and differentiation of influenza A and influenza B nucleoprotein antigens directly in anterior nasal swab samples from individuals with signs and symptoms of respiratory tract infection. This test is for use by individuals aged 14 years or older testing themselves, or adults testing other individuals aged 2 years or older.

All negative results are presumptive and should be confirmed with an FDA-cleared molecular assay when determined to be appropriate by a healthcare provider. Negative results do not rule out infection with influenza or other pathogens. Individuals who test negative and experience continued or worsening respiratory symptoms, such as fever, cough and/or shortness of breath, should seek follow-up care from their healthcare providers.

Positive results do not rule out co-infection with other respiratory pathogens.

Test results should not be used as the sole basis for treatment or other patient management decisions.

The WELLlife Flu A&B Home Test and WELLlife Influenza A&B Test is a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay intended for the qualitative detection and differentiation of influenza A and influenza B protein antigens. The test has two versions, one for over the counter (OTC) use (WELLlife Flu A&B Home Test) and one for professional use (WELLlife Influenza A&B Test). Both versions of the WELLlife Influenza A&B Test that have an identical general design and are intended for the qualitative detection of protein antigens directly in anterior nasal swab specimens from individuals with respiratory signs and symptoms. Results are for the identification and differentiation of nucleoprotein antigen from influenza A virus, and nucleoprotein antigen from influenza B virus. The test cassette in the test kit is assembled with a test strip in a plastic housing that contains a nitrocellulose membrane with three lines: two test lines (Flu A line, Flu B line) and a control line (C line). The device is for in vitro diagnostic use only.

The provided FDA Clearance Letter for the WELLlife Flu A&B Home Test includes details on the device's performance based on non-clinical and clinical studies. Here's a breakdown of the acceptance criteria and the study proving the device meets them, based on the provided text:

Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

The acceptance criteria for performance are generally implicit in these types of submissions, aiming for high agreement with a comparative method. The reported performance is presented through Positive Percent Agreement (PPA) and Negative Percent Agreement (NPA).

Table 1: Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance (Implicit Criteria)

Study Details

1. A table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance

• See Table 1 above. The acceptance criteria are inferred from what is typically expected for a diagnostic device of this type seeking FDA clearance (e.g., high sensitivity and specificity, consistent performance).

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance (e.g. country of origin of the data, retrospective or prospective)

• Test Set Sample Size:
  • Clinical Study: 680 evaluable subjects (from 766 enrolled) were used for clinical performance evaluation.
  • Non-clinical Studies: Sample sizes vary by study:
    • Lot-to-Lot Precision: 180 results per sample type (3 lots x 3 operators x 2 replicates x 2 runs per day x 5 days).
    • Site-to-Site Reproducibility: 135 replicates per sample type (3 sites x 3 operators x 5 days).
    • LoD: 20 replicates for confirmatory testing.
    • Analytical Reactivity: Triplicates for initial range finding, then triplicates for two-fold dilutions.
    • Cross-Reactivity/Microbial Interference: 3 replicates per organism/virus.
    • Endogenous Interfering Substances: 3 replicates per substance.
    • High Dose Hook Effect: 9 replicates (across 3 lots).
    • Competitive Interference: 9 replicates for each combination.
• Data Provenance:
  • Clinical Study: "A prospective study was performed... between January 2025 and March 2025... at six (6) clinical sites." The country of origin is not explicitly stated, but the FDA clearance implies US-based or FDA-accepted international clinical trials. It's a prospective study.
  • Non-clinical Studies: Performed internally at one site (Lot-to-Lot Precision) or at three external sites (Site-to-Site Reproducibility). These are also prospective experimental studies.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts (e.g. radiologist with 10 years of experience)

• The ground truth for the clinical test set was established using an "FDA-cleared molecular comparator method." This is a laboratory-based, highly sensitive, and specific molecular test, which serves as the gold standard for detecting influenza RNA/DNA.
• There is no mention of human experts (e.g., radiologists, pathologists) being used to establish the ground truth for this in vitro diagnostic device. The comparator method itself is the "expert" ground truth.

4. Adjudication method (e.g. 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set

• The document does not describe an adjudication method for conflicting results between the investigational device and the comparator method. Results from the WELLlife Flu A&B Home Test were compared directly to the FDA-cleared molecular comparator method. For an in-vitro diagnostic, typically the molecular comparator is considered the definitive truth.

5. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

• No MRMC study was performed. This device is a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay, a rapid antigen test that produces visible lines interpreted directly by the user (either a lay user at home or a professional user). It does not involve "human readers" interpreting complex images or AI assistance in the interpretation of results in the way an imaging AI device would. Therefore, this question is not applicable to the WELLlife Flu A&B Home Test.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

• This question is primarily relevant for AI/ML-driven software as a medical device (SaMD) where an algorithm provides an output. The WELLlife Flu A&B Home Test is a rapid diagnostic test interpreted visually. Its performance is inherent to the chemical reactions on the test strip, and it's designed for human interpretation (either self-testing or professional use). Therefore, a "standalone algorithm-only" performance study is not applicable in the context of this device's technology. The "device performance" metrics (PPA, NPA) are effectively its standalone performance as interpreted by a human user following instructions.

7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc)

• The ground truth for the clinical study was an FDA-cleared molecular comparator method (e.g., PCR or equivalent), considered the gold standard for influenza detection.

8. The sample size for the training set

• The provided document describes clinical and non-clinical performance evaluation studies. For IVD devices like this one, it's common that the "training set" is not a distinct, formally defined dataset as it would be for a machine learning model. Instead, the device's design, reagent formulation, and manufacturing processes are optimized and validated through iterative development and verification testing (analogue to "training" and "internal validation"). The studies described in this summary are primarily validation studies demonstrating the final product's performance. Therefore, a specific "training set sample size" as one might see for an AI model is not applicable/not explicitly defined in this context.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

• As mentioned above, for a rapid diagnostic test, there isn't a "training set" in the sense of a machine learning model. Instead, the development process involves:
  • Analytical Validation: Establishing LoD, reactivity, specificity (cross-reactivity, interference) using reference strains, cultured microorganisms, and purified substances with known concentrations and characteristics. This essentially acts as the "ground truth" during the development phase.
  • Design Iteration: The test components (antibodies, membrane, buffer) are optimized to achieve desired sensitivity and specificity against known influenza strains and potential interferents. This iterative process, using well-characterized samples, ensures the device learns (is developed) to correctly identify targets.
  • The FDA-cleared molecular comparator assays serve as the ultimate "ground truth" against which the device's overall clinical performance is measured.

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Unimed Reusable SpO2 Sensors are indicated for continuous non-invasive monitoring of functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpO2) and pulse rate (PR) for adult patients weighing greater than 30 kg and pediatric patients weighing 10-50 kg. These devices are for prescription use only.

The subject devices are Unimed Reusable SpO2 Sensors intended for non-invasive measurement of functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpO2) and pulse rate (PR) in clinical settings. The sensors are designed for compatibility with GE B40i, and are supplied non-sterile.

Each sensor consists of a connector, a cable, and a reusable patient-contacting sensor element incorporating a light-emitting diode (LED) and photodetector (PD). The sensors are available in multiple configurations, including finger clip, wrap, and soft-tip types, to accommodate various patient needs and anatomical sites.

The subject devices operate on the same principle and share similar design features, materials, and performance characteristics as the predicate device.

Here's a breakdown of the acceptance criteria and the study details for the Unimed Reusable SpO2 Sensors, based on the provided FDA 510(k) clearance letter:

Acceptance Criteria and Device Performance

Study Information

1. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance:

   • Sample Size: Twelve human adult volunteers were enrolled for the clinical study. The study contains more than the minimum 200 data points.
   • Data Provenance: The study was conducted on human adult volunteers and includes sufficient darkly pigmented subjects (three dark subjects with Fitzpatrick Type 5-6). It is a prospective clinical study. The country of origin is not explicitly stated but implies testing in a controlled clinical environment, likely linked to the manufacturer's location or a designated clinical trial site.

2. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts:

   • The document implies that arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) as determined by co-oximetry was used as the ground truth. This is a direct measurement from blood samples. Therefore, typical "experts" in the sense of human readers adjudicating images are not applicable here. The accuracy of co-oximetry itself is the standard.

3. Adjudication method (e.g., 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set:

   • Not applicable. The ground truth (SaO2 by co-oximetry) is a direct, objective measurement, not subject to human interpretation or adjudication in the same way as an imaging study.

4. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance:

   • Not applicable. This device is a sensor (hardware) for SpO2 and pulse rate measurement, not an AI-assisted diagnostic tool or an imaging system that would involve human reader interpretation. No MRMC study was conducted.

5. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done:

   • Not applicable. The device is a sensor that measures physiological parameters. Its performance is inherent to its design and function, not an algorithm's performance. The "clinical test data" section describes the validation of the sensor's accuracy in vivo.

6. The type of ground truth used:

   • Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) as determined by co-oximetry. This is an objective "gold standard" for blood oxygen measurement.

7. The sample size for the training set:

   • Not applicable. This device is a hardware sensor, not a machine learning model that requires a training set. The clinical study described is for validation/testing, not training.

8. How the ground truth for the training set was established:

   • Not applicable, as there is no training set for this type of device.

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The Unscented Menstrual Tampons are inserted into the vagina to absorb menstrual discharge.

The unscented menstrual tampons consist of a tampon, including an absorbent pledget ("absorbent core") completely surrounded by an overwrap ("security veil") and a removal string ("withdrawal cord"), and an applicator (only for the applicator tampon). The tampon design is cylindrical, bullet-like shape. The applicator has a smooth, rounded tip to ease insertion.

According to different composition materials and design styles, the unscented menstrual tampons of this submission are divided into 3 categories (Unscented menstrual long applicator tampon, Unscented menstrual Cardboard Applicator Tampon, Unscented menstrual Digital Tampons) and 6 sub-categories (Organic cotton + Two Plastic tube, Cotton + cardboard tube, Organic cotton + cardboard tube, Cotton (digital style), Organic cotton(digital style), viscose(digital style).

The tampons are provided in 4 absorbencies: Light(L) (≤6g), Regular(R) (6-9g), Super (S)(9-12g) and Super Plus (SP)(12-15g). Only some sub-categories of tampons contain all absorbencies. Each device is individually wrapped and then packaged in sealed multi-unit containers for retail sale. All tampons and applicators are provided non-sterile and for single use only.

The provided FDA 510(k) clearance letter and summary for K251033 pertains to unscented menstrual tampons, which are medical devices designed for absorbing menstrual discharge. This documentation focuses on demonstrating the substantial equivalence of the new tampons to a predicate device (K232598) primarily through material composition, design, and physical performance characteristics, rather than performance metrics related to diagnostic accuracy or clinical outcomes that would typically involve AI/ML models or human reader studies.

Therefore, many of the requested points regarding acceptance criteria and study details for AI/ML device performance (like sensitivity, specificity, MRMC studies, ground truth establishment by experts, etc.) are not applicable to this type of device submission. The "acceptance criteria" here relate to meeting established safety and performance standards for tampons.

Here's an analysis based on the provided document:

Device Type: Unscented Menstrual Tampons (medical device, not AI/ML driven)

Purpose of the Study (as described): To demonstrate substantial equivalence of the subject device (new tampons) to a legally marketed predicate device (existing tampons) by showing that differences in material composition and design do not raise new questions of safety or effectiveness.

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

Given this is a tampon submission, the "performance" relates to physical and biocompatibility characteristics, not diagnostic accuracy. The acceptance criteria are implicit in the standards followed and the successful completion of the tests.

• Pledget length (Dry): 37±3.0--50±3.0 mm
• Pledget diameter (Dry): 11.5±1.0--15.2±1.0 mm
• Total length of product: 118.0±2.0 mm
• Length of push rod: 70±1 mm
• Outside diameter (outer tube): 14.5±0.2--16.2±0.2 mm
• Weights: L: 3.90-4.40g; R: 4.45-5.15g; S: 5.65-6.45g; SP: 6.45-7.35g
  These differ from the predicate's specific values but are deemed "not raise different questions of safety and effectiveness." |
  | Functionality (Absorbency) | Meet industry standards for relevant absorbency ratings (e.g., Light (≤6g), Regular (6-9g), Super (9-12g), Super Plus (12-15g)). | Absorbency categories are listed, aligning with standard ranges. Performance data showing the specific absorbency achieved for each tampon type would be in the full submission, but the table indicates these categories are used. |
  | General Safety/Effectiveness | Overall safety and effectiveness comparable to predicate. | "The nonclinical tests demonstrate that the subject device, Unscented Menstrual Tampon, is as safe and effective as the legally marketed predicate device (K232598). Therefore, the subject device is substantially equivalent to the predicate device." |

2. Sample Size Used for the Test Set and Data Provenance

• Sample Size for Test Set: Not explicitly stated in the provided summary for any of the biocompatibility, microbiology, or chemical residue tests. These tests are typically performed on a representative sample of units to demonstrate compliance with standards.
• Data Provenance: The manufacturing company is Unibeauty (Hubei) Technology Co.,Ltd. in Xiantao City, Hubei Province, China. The document does not specify the country of origin for the data itself (e.g., where the lab testing was performed) beyond the company's location. The studies described are "nonclinical performance testing." implicitly prospective, as they were conducted to support the 510(k) submission.

3. Number of Experts Used to Establish the Ground Truth for the Test Set and Their Qualifications

Not applicable. This submission is for a physical medical device (tampons), not an AI/ML diagnostic device that requires expert human interpretation to establish ground truth for testing. The "ground truth" here is established by standardized laboratory testing methods (e.g., chemical analysis, microbiological assays, physical measurements) interpreted by qualified laboratory personnel, not by medical experts forming a consensus on image interpretation.

4. Adjudication Method for the Test Set

Not applicable. As this is not a study involving human readers or interpretation, there is no adjudication method in the sense of resolving discrepancies between expert opinions. Laboratory results are typically verified through standard lab practices and quality control processes.

5. If a Multi-Reader Multi-Case (MRMC) Comparative Effectiveness Study Was Done

No. An MRMC study is relevant for AI/ML diagnostic tools to assess the impact of AI assistance on human reader performance. This submission is for a physical device, so no such study was conducted or is relevant.

6. If a Standalone (Algorithm Only Without Human-in-the-Loop Performance) Was Done

Not applicable. This device does not involve an algorithm.

7. The Type of Ground Truth Used

The "ground truth" for this type of device is established through:

• Standardized Laboratory Testing Results: Biocompatibility (cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation), microbiology (growth of bacteria, toxin production), chemical residue analysis, and physical property measurements (dimensions, weight, absorbency).
• Compliance with Recognized Standards: The tests were conducted according to international standards like ISO 10993 series and FDA guidance documents specific to menstrual tampons.

8. The Sample Size for the Training Set

Not applicable. This device does not involve an AI/ML model that requires a training set.

9. How the Ground Truth for the Training Set Was Established

Not applicable. As there is no AI/ML model, there is no training set and therefore no ground truth establishment for a training set.

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UE BRONCHO Single-Use Bronchoscope: The UE BRONCHO Single-Use Bronchoscopes has been designed to be used with the UE Display, endotherapy accessories and other ancillary equipment for endoscopy within the airways and tracheobronchial tree. The UE BRONCHO Single-Use Bronchoscopes is for use in a hospital environment. The UE BRONCHO Single-Use Bronchoscopes is single-use device designed for use in adults.

UE Display: The UE Display is reusable digital monitor, intended to display live imaging data from UE Medical visualization devices.

The bronchoscope system consists of UE BRONCHO Single-Use Bronchoscopes and UE Display. The UE BRONCHO Single-Use Bronchoscopes (the bronchoscopes) are sterile, single-use flexible video bronchoscopes available in three sizes (Slim, Regular, Large). The bronchoscopes have been designed to be used with the UE Display (reusable, non-sterile), endotherapy accessories and other ancillary equipment for endoscopy within the airways and tracheobronchial tree. The bronchoscope system is designed for use by adults in a hospital environment.

The provided FDA 510(k) clearance letter details the clearance of the UE BRONCHO Single-Use Bronchoscopes and UE Display. However, it does not contain specific acceptance criteria or details of a clinical study that demonstrates the device's performance against such criteria. The document explicitly states "Clinical study: Not applicable."

The clearance is based on non-clinical data, specifically performance testing and compliance with voluntary standards, which demonstrates substantial equivalence to a predicate device (Ambu® aScope™ 4 Broncho, Ambu® aView™ Monitor - K173727).

Therefore, I cannot populate the requested table and answer questions 2-9 with the provided text. The document refers to "bench performance testing" which includes optical performance, color reproduction, geometric distortion, resolution, depth of field, image intensity uniformity, noise, dynamic range, and frame rate, comparing these aspects with the predicate device. However, it does not specify quantitative acceptance criteria for these tests nor provide the reported device performance against such criteria in the detail requested.

Here's an attempt to populate the table and address the questions based only on the information available in the provided text. Where information is missing, it will be stated as "Not provided in the text."

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance

Not provided in the text. The document refers to "bench performance testing" which typically uses a limited number of physical units or simulated conditions, rather than a "test set" of patient data as might be relevant for AI/ML devices. No human patient data was used for testing.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts

Not applicable, as no clinical study or expert-based ground truth establishment for a test set is mentioned. The testing was non-clinical bench testing.

4. Adjudication method for the test set

Not applicable, as no clinical study involving expert interpretation or adjudication is mentioned.

5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

No. The document explicitly states "Clinical study: Not applicable." Therefore, an MRMC study was not performed. This device is a bronchoscope system, not an AI-assisted diagnostic tool.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

Not applicable. This device is a bronchoscope system. While it has software and display capabilities, it is not an algorithm that performs a diagnostic or analytical function independently of a human operator, and no standalone performance study in this context was mentioned.

7. The type of ground truth used

For the non-clinical bench tests (e.g., optical performance, physical dimensions, electrical safety), the "ground truth" would be established by direct physical measurements, adherence to engineering specifications, and compliance with recognized international standards (e.g., ISO 8600, IEC 60601 series, ISO 10993 series). There is no "ground truth" in the clinical sense (e.g., pathology, outcomes data, expert consensus) as no clinical studies were performed.

8. The sample size for the training set

Not applicable. This device is a bronchoscope system and not an AI/ML device that requires a training set of data for model development.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

Not applicable, as no training set was used.

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