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510(k) Data Aggregation

    K Number
    K221215
    Device Name
    e-motion M25
    Manufacturer
    Date Cleared
    2022-05-24

    (27 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3860
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Applicant Name (Manufacturer) :

    Alber GmbH

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The e-motion M25 DuoDrive is a Power Assist Wheelchair Conversion Kit and suitable for the manual wheelchair users who are limited in their field of activities because of their physical conditions. The device can expand their field of activities by assisting their wheelchair operating force.

    Device Description

    The e-motion-M25 DuoDrive is a medical device for active wheelchair users who are reliant on a wheelchair as a result of their disability. The subject device e-motion is an additional drive for wheelchairs that is attached to a manual wheelchair, converting it into an electrically driven and thus significantly increasing the wheelchair user's mobility and flexibility. To extend functionality an optional remote control (ECS) a smartphone app and a detachable control unit is available. The user interacts with the e-motion M25 DuoDrive via two push-rims that trigger the assistive power drive. The main parts of the drive unit are as follows: Pushrim-wheels including a brushless DC-motor. Control electronic for the motor and wireless interface for communication with ECS remote control and smartphone app. Integrated lithium ion battery pack with battery management system. Magnetic charger socket for the integrated battery (Easy Connect) for connecting the battery charger. Quick-release axle for attaching and detaching the drive unit to wheelchair-frame. The main function of the APP are as follows: Status information (battery, speed). Live display of error messages. Recording of tours. Selection of preset driving profiles. ECS functionality (extra charge, details see below). Wheelchair navigation (extra charge). Enhance maximum speed (extra charge). Cruise mode (extra charge). Activation flight mode. System information. Error logfile (password protected). Setting auto shut-off time (password protected). Individual adjustment of driving parameters (password protected). The main function of the ECS remote control are as follows: Switch between 2 assist level for indooir and outdoor. Selection of learner mode (formerly also called Training mode). Activation of rollback delay (hill holder). Switch the wheels on and off (standby mode). The main parts of the control unit are as follows: Wireless interface for communicating with the drive wheels. Rotary wheel to start and change the cruise speed. Rotary wheel to stop cruise mode (short push on the side). Rotary wheel to switch the drive wheels on and off/standy mode (long push on the side). Integrated Li-ion battery cell including battery management system. USB-C socket for charging via drive unit or other external USB-C charger. Display for operating status and remaining capacity of drive wheels and control unit. To charge the battery of the drive unit a battery charger is available. Main attributes: Multi-range charger 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz. Automatic charging and switch-off mechanism. Indicating status and mains.

    AI/ML Overview

    This document describes the premarket notification (510(k)) for the e-motion M25 DuoDrive, a power assist wheelchair conversion kit. The FDA has determined it is substantially equivalent to legally marketed predicate devices.

    The information provided does not outline specific acceptance criteria or a detailed study proving the device meets those criteria in the typical sense of a clinical or analytical performance study for an AI/ML-driven medical device. Instead, this 510(k) summary focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence to existing predicate devices (e-motion M25 (K192618) and SMOOV O10 (K192016)) by comparing technical specifications, intended use, and addressing potential changes (like the addition of a control unit).

    Therefore, I cannot directly provide the requested table of acceptance criteria and reported device performance related to an AI/ML model's output metrics (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, AUC). This device is a mechanical/electronic medical device, not an AI/ML diagnostic or prognostic tool.

    However, I can extract the relevant information regarding the device's functional and safety characteristics, which serve as its "performance" and "acceptance criteria" in the context of this 510(k):


    Acceptance Criteria and Device Performance (Based on Device Specifications and Safety Considerations)

    Since this is a mechanical/electronic device, "acceptance criteria" here refer to its technical specifications and demonstration of safety/effectiveness compared to predicates.

    1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

    Acceptance Criteria CategorySpecific Criteria (Derived from device specifications & safety info)Reported Device Performance / Specification
    Functional PerformanceMaximum User Weight150 kg (Subject device & predicate e-motion M25)
    System Weight15.85 kg (Subject device)
    Nominal Power2x80W (Subject device & predicate e-motion M25)
    Max. Assisted Speed6...8.5 km/h (Subject device & predicate e-motion M25)
    Nominal Range25 km (Subject device & predicate e-motion M25)
    Power Wheel Rangeup to 25 km (as per ISO 7176-4)
    Nominal Gradient16% [9°]
    Operating Temperature-25° C to +50° C
    Battery Type (Drive Unit)Lithium-ion 10ICR19/66-2
    Rated Operating Capacity (Drive Unit)36.5 V
    Rated Capacity (Drive Unit)Ah (Value not specified beyond unit)
    Rated Energy (Drive Unit)Wh (Value not specified beyond unit)
    Control Unit Battery TypeLithium-ion 18650
    Control Unit Rated Voltage3.6 VDC
    Control Unit Rated Capacity2.6 Ah
    Control Unit Rated Energy9.36W
    Wireless CommunicationWireless Technology (Power Unit)IEEE 802.15.4 (BLE & Classic)
    RF Freq Range (Power Unit, ECS, Control Unit)2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz
    Max Output Power (Power Unit)1.5dBm
    Max Output Power (ECS, Control Unit)5dBm
    Wireless Operating Range10m / class 2
    Wireless Coexistence ComplianceANSI C63.27-2017, separation distance >0.25m (Power Unit, ECS, Control Unit)
    EMC ComplianceISO 7176-21:2009 (Power Unit, ECS, Control Unit)
    Safety - CybersecuritySweynTooth Vulnerability MitigationAll wireless communication encrypted.
    Response to successful attack (Normal drive mode)No influence on driving behavior; device acts independently.
    Response to successful attack (Cruise Mode, Remote Mode)Motor driving support stops to enter safe state (no auxiliary power); unintended movements impossible.
    Safety - GeneralUser InteractionVia two push-rims; optional remote control (ECS), smartphone app, detachable control unit.
    Compliance with wheelchair manufacturer limitsUser must observe wheelchair manufacturer's limits (gradeability, obstacles, user weight, etc.).

    Regarding the other requested information, which is more applicable to AI/ML software as a medical device (SaMD) performance studies:

    This 510(k) pertains to a mechanical/electronic power assist device, not an AI/ML algorithm that requires a test set, ground truth experts, or MRMC studies for its core function. Therefore, the following points are not applicable to this specific submission.

    2. Sample sized used for the test set and the data provenance: Not applicable for this type of device. Testing would involve engineering performance tests (e.g., battery life, speed, durability) and safety testing for electrical and mechanical hazards, not a "test set" of data for an AI algorithm.

    3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts: Not applicable. Ground truth for this device would be established through engineering specifications, standards compliance, and physical testing, not expert interpretation of data.

    4. Adjudication method (e.g., 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set: Not applicable.

    5. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance: Not applicable. This device does not involve "human readers" or AI assistance in diagnostic interpretation.

    6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done: Not applicable. There is no standalone AI algorithm in the context of device performance outlined here. The device itself is a "human-in-the-loop" system, assisting a human wheelchair user.

    7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc.): Ground truth for this device is based on engineering specifications, international performance and safety standards (e.g., ISO 7176-4, ISO 7176-21), and physical testing (e.g., speed, range, weight capacity, electrical safety, EMC). The "change information" notes that the changes were made under their "design control process," which would involve verifying that the updated design still meets these established specifications and safety requirements.

    8. The sample size for the training set: Not applicable. This is not an AI/ML device that requires a "training set" in the computational sense.

    9. How the ground truth for the training set was established: Not applicable.

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    K Number
    K192618
    Device Name
    e-Motion M25
    Manufacturer
    Date Cleared
    2020-11-02

    (406 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3860
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Applicant Name (Manufacturer) :

    Alber GmbH

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The e-motion M25 is a Power Assist Wheelchair Conversion Kit and suitable for the manual wheelchair users who are limited in their field of activities because of their physical conditions. The device can expand their field of activities by assisting their wheelchair operating force.

    Device Description

    The e-motion-M25 is a medical device for active wheelchair users who are reliant on a wheelchair as a result of their disability. The subject device e-motion is an additional drive for wheelchairs that is attached to a manual wheelchair, converting it into an electrically driven and thus significantly increasing the wheelchair user's mobility and flexibility.

    To extend functionality an optional remote control (ECS) and a Smartphone App is available.

    The user interacts with the e-motion M25 via push-rim that triggers the assistive power drive.

    The main parts of the drive unit are as follows:

    • Pushrim-wheels including a brushless DC-motor .
    • Control Electronic for the motor and wireless interface for communication with ECS and . smartphone App
    • . Integrated lithium ion battery pack with battery management system
    • Magnetic charger socket for the integrated battery (Easy Connect) for connecting the battery charger
    • Quick-release axle for attaching and detaching the drive unit to wheelchair-frame .

    The main function of the APP are as follows:

    • Status information (Battery, Speed)
    • Live display of error messages ●
    • Recording of tours
    • Selection of preset driving profiles ●
    • ECS-Funtionality (extra charge , details see below) ●
    • Wheelchair navigation (extra charge)
    • Enhance maximum speed (extra charge) ●
    • . Cruise Mode (extra charge)
    • Activation flight mode ●
    • System information ●
    • Error logfile (password protected)
    • Setting auto shut-off time (password protected) ●
    • Inidivial adjustment of driving parameters (password protected) ●

    The main function of the ECS are as follows:

    • Drive-Mode
    • Settings ●
    • Diagnostics ●

    To charge the battery of the drive unit a battery charger is available. Main attributes:

    • . Multi-range charger 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz
    • . Automatic charging and switch-off mechanism
    • Indicating status and mains ●
    AI/ML Overview

    The provided text is a 510(k) Summary for the e-motion M25, a power assist wheelchair conversion kit. It describes the device, its intended use, comparison to predicate devices, and conformity with recognized standards. However, it explicitly states:

    "Clinical tests were not conducted."

    This means that the document does not contain information about a study that proves the device meets specific acceptance criteria based on clinical performance. The focus of this 510(k) submission is on demonstrating substantial equivalence to predicate devices through non-clinical testing and adherence to recognized standards.

    Therefore, I cannot provide the requested information regarding:

    1. A table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance: This would be based on clinical study outcomes, which are absent.
    2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance: No clinical test set data is available.
    3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts: Not applicable as no clinical test set with ground truth was established from expert consensus.
    4. Adjudication method (e.g. 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set: Not applicable.
    5. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance: This is a medical imaging-specific study type and not relevant to a powered wheelchair accessory.
    6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done: Not applicable, as this is hardware, not an AI algorithm.
    7. The type of ground truth used (expert concensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc): Not applicable.
    8. The sample size for the training set: Not applicable, as this is hardware, not an AI algorithm requiring a training set.
    9. How the ground truth for the training set was established: Not applicable.

    The document emphasizes non-clinical tests to demonstrate safety and efficiency, including mechanical, electrical, and biological safety, as well as performance aspects, all in conformity with recognized standards (e.g., ISO 7176 series for wheelchairs). The "acceptance criteria" here would be meeting the specifications outlined in those standards and demonstrating substantial equivalence to the predicate devices.

    In summary, the provided document does not describe a clinical study or a study directly proving the device meets acceptance criteria through clinical performance data.

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    K Number
    K192016
    Device Name
    SMOOV O10
    Manufacturer
    Date Cleared
    2020-05-19

    (295 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3860
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Applicant Name (Manufacturer) :

    Alber GmbH

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The SMOOV O10 add-on drive for wheelchairs is intended to provide auxiliary power to manual wheelchairs to reduce the pushing power needed by their users. It is designed to provide support to active wheelchair users who are physically and mentally able to safely control a manual wheelchair in typical situations, including inclines, even manually.

    Device Description

    The SMOOV O10 drive unit is attached and detached to rigid wheelchairs via a bracket or alternatively to a foldable wheelchair with an optional adapter. The SMOOV 010 converts the user´s manual wheelchair, when needed, in a partly motorized wheelchair to extend the mobility and flexibility of the wheelchair user. To extend functionality an optional Smartphone App is available. The user interacts with the SMOOV 010 via control unit mounted to the wheelchair for wireless interfacing with the drive unit. The control unit is used to switch on and off the power assistance and adjust the speed of the drive unit via the turnwheel.

    AI/ML Overview

    This document describes the 510(k) Summary for the SMOOV O10 add-on drive for wheelchairs (K192016). This is a premarket notification to the FDA to demonstrate substantial equivalence to a legally marketed predicate device. Therefore, the information provided focuses on comparative performance and compliance with relevant standards, rather than a standalone clinical study with acceptance criteria and reported device performance in the format typically seen for novel diagnostics or treatments.

    Here's an attempt to structure the available information based on your request, acknowledging the limitations of a 510(k) summary in providing all requested details:

    1. Table of Acceptance Criteria and Reported Device Performance

    The document does not present a formal table of "acceptance criteria" and "reported device performance" in the traditional sense of a clinical trial for a diagnostic device. Instead, substantial equivalence is demonstrated by comparing the subject device (SMOOV O10) to a predicate device (SmartDrive MX2+ K151199) across various technical specifications and intended uses, and by demonstrating conformity to recognized international standards for safety and performance in powered wheelchairs.

    The "acceptance criteria" are implied by compliance with these standards and comparable specifications to the predicate device. The "reported device performance" is largely presented through these specifications and the claim of meeting the standards.

    Feature / Standard ComplianceAcceptance Criterion (Implied by Standard/Predicate)Reported Device Performance (SMOOV O10)
    Intended UseAuxiliary power to manual wheelchairs to reduce pushing power for active users physically and mentally able to safely control a manual wheelchair.Matches predicate, provides auxiliary power to manual wheelchairs to reduce pushing power for active users who are physically and mentally able to safely control a manual wheelchair.
    User WeightUp to 150 kg (Predicate)Up to 140 kg
    Nominal Power of Engine250 W (Predicate)250 W
    Max. Assisted Speed6-8.9 km/h (Predicate)6 km/h (Standard), 10 km/h (Optional)
    Nominal Range19.8 km (Predicate)Up to 20 km (as per ISO 7176-4)
    System Weight6 kg (Predicate)7.2 kg (Drive unit only)
    Wireless Communication EncryptionEffective mitigation of SweynTooth vulnerabilities (Implied)All wireless communication is encrypted. Firmware updates performed on affected devices to address vulnerabilities.
    Safety in case of successful attack (SweynTooth)Device enters safe state, no unintended movements.Motor stops, driving support stops (auxiliary power provision ceases). Unintended movements are impossible.
    General Safety and PerformanceConforms to recognized standards (e.g., ISO 7176 series for wheelchairs, IEC for batteries, ISO 14971 for risk management, biological evaluation standards).Declared conformity with all listed standards (refer to full list in document).

    2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance

    The document does not describe a "test set" in the context of a clinical performance study with human subjects. The evaluation for this 510(k) relies on:

    • Comparison to a predicate device: MaxMobility GmbH SmartDrive (MX2+) (K151199).
    • Conformity to recognized international standards: A comprehensive list of ISO and IEC standards related to wheelchairs, batteries, biological evaluation, electromagnetic compatibility, and risk management is provided.
    • Engineering bench testing: Implied by conformity to standards, but specific sample sizes for these tests are not detailed in this summary.

    Data Provenance: Not applicable in the context of a "test set" from a clinical study. The data is largely derived from the technical specifications, design documents, and test reports supporting compliance with the listed standards.

    3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts

    This is not applicable as there was no "test set" requiring expert ground truth in the clinical sense. The "ground truth" for the device's acceptable performance is established by its adherence to internationally recognized consensus standards and its substantial equivalence to a legally marketed predicate device, as assessed by the manufacturer and reviewed by the FDA.

    4. Adjudication method for the test set

    Not applicable, as no external clinical test set requiring expert adjudication is described in this 510(k) summary.

    5. If a multi reader multi case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

    Not applicable. The SMOOV O10 is an assistive powered wheelchair attachment, not a diagnostic or AI-assisted image analysis tool. Therefore, an MRMC study or evaluation of human reader improvement with AI assistance is not relevant to this device.

    6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

    Not applicable. The SMOOV O10 is a physical medical device (an add-on drive for wheelchairs) with a human user always "in-the-loop" for control and operation. It is not an algorithm-only device.

    7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc.)

    The "ground truth" for demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of the SMOOV O10 for this 510(k) is primarily established through:

    • Compliance with recognized international standards: These standards define measurable performance and safety criteria accepted by experts in the field of medical devices and assistive technology.
    • Comparison to a legally marketed predicate device: Demonstrating that the subject device's design, materials, intended use, and performance are substantially equivalent to a device already deemed safe and effective.

    8. The sample size for the training set

    Not applicable. The SMOOV O10 is a physical device, not an AI/ML algorithm that requires a "training set" of data.

    9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

    Not applicable, as there is no "training set" for this type of device.

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    K Number
    K161241
    Device Name
    e-fix E35/E36
    Manufacturer
    Date Cleared
    2016-10-05

    (156 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3860
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Applicant Name (Manufacturer) :

    Alber GmbH

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The e-fix is an add-on drive for wheelchairs. The e-fix E35/E36 turns a manually propelled wheelchair into a powered wheelchair. It is intended for medical purposes to provide a means for a disabled person to take over the propulsion of the wheelchair and increase mobility and flexibility.

    Device Description

    The subject device e-fix E35/E36 is an add-on drive, which converts a manual wheelchair into an electrical wheelchair.

    The drive system e-fix E35/E36 includes two power wheels, a battery mount, a battery pack, a control unit, a power supply and optional devices. The wheelchair is not part of the drive system and is provided by the customer. For initial use mounting brackets are required. If the mounting brackets are fitted to the wheelchair, the power wheels, the control unit and the battery pack can be adapted. The main principle of the power wheel is that the motor unit is fixed against turning and the wheel hub is rotating. The fixing of the motor unit to the mounting brackets is realized with the wheel receiver. The wheel receiver supports the torque which the motor applies and is the interface to the wheel chair.

    There are different variants of the e-fix E35 is the conventional version of the e-fix. The e-fix E36 provides a more robust drive with a higher torque. The battery pack has more capacity than the normal one. The e-fix E36 is mainly intended for heavy-weighted persons. The e-fix E35 and E36 are available with 22" or 24" wheels. The control unit is the steering device of the system. It allows a safe and comfortable ride with the wheelchair.The battery pack is easily removable and rechargeable.

    AI/ML Overview

    The provided document is a 510(k) summary for a medical device called e-fix E35/E36, which is an add-on drive for wheelchairs. It outlines the device's technical specifications, indications for use, comparison to a predicate device, and conformity with standards.

    However, the document does not contain the specific information requested regarding the acceptance criteria and a study proving the device meets those criteria, particularly in the context of AI/ML performance metrics, sample sizes for test/training sets, expert ground truth establishment, or multi-reader multi-case studies. This device is a powered wheelchair accessory, and the FDA submission focuses on its mechanical, electrical, and performance characteristics as a physical medical device, not an AI/ML-driven diagnostic or analytical tool.

    Therefore, I cannot extract the requested information from the provided text. The document describes conformity to ISO standards for wheelchair performance and safety, but these are not the "acceptance criteria" in the sense of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, etc., typically associated with AI/ML device evaluations. There is no mention of a "study" in the context of evaluating an AI algorithm's performance against a ground truth.

    If you have a document pertaining to an AI/ML medical device, please provide that.

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    K Number
    K151717
    Device Name
    twion
    Manufacturer
    Date Cleared
    2016-02-23

    (243 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3860
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Applicant Name (Manufacturer) :

    Alber GmbH

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    The twion is a Power Assist Wheelchair Conversion Kit and suitable for the manual wheelchair users who are limited in their field of activities because of their physical conditions. The device can expand their field of activities by assisting their wheelchair operating force.

    Device Description

    The twion is a power assist drive system. Its basic functionality can be compared to a power steering of a car. By pushing the push rim attached to the wheel, a motor assists in turning the wheel - like a power steering does when turning the steering wheel.

    The intent of the twion device is to expand the field of activities for those wheelchair drivers who are limited in their physical condition.

    The twion is designed to fit most standard manual wheelchairs available on the market. It is lightweight and with motors and batteries designed inside the wheelhubs it does not compromise the usability and safety of such wheelchairs. The twion can be driven without power assist very close to a manual wheelchair.

    Each hub motor is equipped with a DC motor and an integrated battery. A push rim sensor detects the force applied by the wheelchair driver. An integrated microcontroller converts this signal into a proportional motor output which generates an additional torque to the wheel. This torque by itself is very low but enables the driver to drive the wheelchair manually.

    The benefit for the wheelchair driver is such that he can keep driving in his manual wheelchair. Without a device like the twion, the patient would have to use a fully electrical wheelchair (with joystick).

    AI/ML Overview

    The provided text is related to a 510(k) premarket notification for a medical device called "twion," a power-assist wheelchair conversion kit. Based on the document, this device is a mechanical one and performs its functions through mechanical means rather than artificial intelligence or an algorithm. Therefore, the questions related to AI/algorithm performance, such as acceptance criteria for AI, sample sizes for test and training sets for algorithms, expert ground truth establishment, MRMC studies, or standalone algorithm performance, are not applicable here.

    The document focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence to a predicate device (Yamaha JWX-2) through a comparison of physical characteristics and adherence to performance standards for wheelchairs.

    However, I can extract information related to the device's performance based on the established safety and performance standards it was tested against.

    Here's a breakdown of the relevant information:

    1. A table of acceptance criteria and the reported device performance

    The document does not explicitly present a table of "acceptance criteria" in terms of specific performance metrics with target values that the device must achieve and then reports the device's measured performance against those targets. Instead, it states that the device was tested against a series of national and international performance standards. The "acceptance criteria" are implied to be compliance with these standards, and the "reported device performance" is that it met all relevant requirements of these standards.

    Acceptance Criteria (Implied)Reported Device Performance
    Compliance with ISO 7176-21 (EMC of electric wheelchairs)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with ISO 7176-15 (Information disclosure/labeling)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with ISO 7176-14 (Power & control systems)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with ISO 7176-8 (Static, Impact, Fatigue Strength)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with ISO 7176-9 (Climatic tests)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with ISO 7176-1 (Static stability)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with ISO 7176-2 (Dynamic stability)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with ISO 10993-5 (In vitro cytotoxicity)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with ISO 10993-10 (Irritation and skin sensitization)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with EN 12184:2009 (Electrically powered wheelchairs)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with IEC 62133:2002 (Secondary cells and batteries)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with IEC 62304:2006 (Medical device software)Met all relevant requirements of the standard.
    Compliance with ANSI/AAMI ES60601-1:2005 (General safety)Battery charger was tested to this standard and met requirements.
    Compliance with FDA 1993 Draft "Reviewer Guidance" (Electrical, Mechanical, Environmental, Performance Requirements)Testing demonstrated safety and effectiveness and met all relevant requirements, with no design characteristics violating requirements or resulting in safety hazards.

    2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance (e.g. country of origin of the data, retrospective or prospective)

    The document mentions "testing" and "non-clinical tests" but does not specify a "sample size" in the context of a test set of data. The testing refers to the device itself being subjected to various physical and electrical tests according to the listed standards. There is no mention of "data" in the sense of patient data or clinical images. The data provenance is also not applicable in this context; the tests were performed on the device by the manufacturer (Alber GmbH, based in Germany).

    3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts (e.g. radiologist with 10 years of experience)

    Not applicable, as this is a mechanical device subject to engineering and performance standards, not an AI/algorithmic device requiring expert review of generated outputs or interpretations.

    4. Adjudication method (e.g. 2+1, 3+1, none) for the test set

    Not applicable, for the same reasons as above.

    5. If a multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

    Not applicable. This device is not an AI-assisted diagnostic or interpretive tool that would involve human "readers."

    6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the loop performance) was done

    Not applicable. The "twion" is a power-assist conversion kit for manual wheelchairs, a mechanical device. It is not an algorithm or AI system.

    7. The type of ground truth used (expert consensus, pathology, outcomes data, etc)

    Not applicable. The "ground truth" for this device's performance is its direct compliance with established international and national engineering, safety, and performance standards for wheelchairs and electrical components.

    8. The sample size for the training set

    Not applicable, as there is no mention of a training set for an algorithm.

    9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

    Not applicable, as there is no mention of a training set for an algorithm.

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    K Number
    K042535
    Device Name
    ADVENTURE A10
    Manufacturer
    Date Cleared
    2004-10-05

    (15 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3860
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    Why did this record match?
    Applicant Name (Manufacturer) :

    ULRICH ALBER GMBH

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use

    A wheelchair can be provided as a result of medical indication where walking is no longer possible or the ability to walk is severely restricted through:

    • paralysis ●
    • . loss of a limb or limbs
    • . defects/deformation of a limb or limbs
    • . contractures of the joints
    • . other illnesses

    The intended use of the wheelchair is to provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position, that have the capability of operating a powered wheelchair

    Device Description

    The Adventure A10 wheelchair is a lightweight wheelchair with full spring suspension and extremely good outdoor driving characteristics which can also be used indoors without any problems, due to its maneuverability.

    All components are made of non-corrosive materials or have an anti-corrosive surface.

    The housing for electronic components and all plug connections fulfill the IPX4 degree of protection. The permitted operating temperature lies between -25°C and +50°C.

    In addition to the comfort offered on normal asphalted streets, roads and paths, the A10 also offers a high degree of driving comfort on cobbled streets and, in particular, on field and forest paths and on level meadows. This is realized through its chassis with full spring suspension, longitudinal steering wheels and individual wheel suspension elements. Spring travel is 52 mm.

    Obstacles up to a height of 120 mm can be negotiated with the aid of a curb climber included in the accessories.

    The tires are designed to achieve good rolling characteristics and noise-free operation on smooth surfaces, both indoors and outdoors. The integrated cleat tread provides the required traction in off-road use.

    The tilt supports secure the vehicle against tilting backwards when negotiating obstacles and slopes. The Adventure can be raised on the drive wheels with the integrated jack-up mechanism to facilitate their removable and refitting.

    The Adventure can be rapidly and simply dismantled into 8 individual components without tools or aids, thanks to the modular construction. Contact is established automatically during this with the drives and battery packs.

    The modular construction of the Adventure means it can also be transported easily in smaller vehicles. Defective components can be replaced quickly in the event of a breakdown, meaning that long periods of disuse are avoided and there is no longer any need to send the entire wheelchair in for repairs.

    The logical lightweight construction means that the max, empty weight is 96.7 kg (without accessories). The weight of individual removable components is derived as follows:

    The image shows an exploded view of a wheelchair and its components. The seat unit weighs 14.3 kg, the chassis weighs 26.2 kg, and each wheel weighs 11.2 kg. The steering wheel weighs 2.3 kg each, and each battery pack weighs 14.6 kg.

    The max. permissible occupant weight is 140 kg. The permissible overall weight is 255 kq. Slopes and gradients up to 18% and sloping ground up to 12% can be safely traversed, thanks to the optimally positioned center of gravity of the Adventure.

    The compact dimensions of the Adventure, with an overall length of 1100 - 1300 mm (depending on the setting of the seat angle and leg supports), a max. width of 680 mm and a turning radius of 950mm enable its easily handling, even indoors. An option exists for switching the control on the control panel to indoor mode, enabling better control of the vehicle in confined spaces.

    The removable seat is available in standard and function seat versions. The standard seat is equipped with washable, non-removable seat padding and has limited adjustment functions.

    The function seat version is available with standard or comfort padding, each of which is removable and washable.

    In contrast to the standard seat, the function seat has continuous adjusting options for both the back and leg supports. The seat width, depth and back height can also be varied.

    The armrests are removable or can be simply pivoted to the rear (to facilitate movement of the occupant).

    The Adventure is equipped with a parking brake which can be actuated by the driver. The Adventure can be pushed by an accompanying person when the parking brake is released and the system deactivated.

    The various driving parameters which can be adapted to suit the occupant's disability can be edited directly on the control panel without an additional external programming unit.

    AI/ML Overview

    The provided document is a 510(k) summary for a powered wheelchair, the "Adventure A10". This type of document is for medical device regulatory submissions and typically focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence to a predicate device based on technological characteristics and intended use, rather than presenting detailed studies on acceptance criteria and performance metrics in the way one might find for a diagnostic AI device.

    Therefore, the requested information regarding acceptance criteria, study details (sample sizes, data provenance, expert consensus, MRMC studies, standalone performance, training sets), and ground truth establishment is not available in the provided text.

    The document details the physical characteristics, maneuverability, and component breakdown of the Adventure A10 wheelchair, and identifies two predicate devices (Invacare Ranger RWD and Permobil Trax) that it is substantially equivalent to. It also includes the FDA's clearance letter.

    Based on the provided text, I cannot complete the table or answer the specific questions about acceptance criteria and associated studies. The 510(k) summary for a wheelchair does not contain the kind of performance study data you've requested for an AI/diagnostic device.

    However, I can extract information related to the device description and intended use:


    Device Description (Adventure A10 Wheelchair):

    • Type: Lightweight powered wheelchair with full spring suspension.
    • Outdoor/Indoor Use: Extremely good outdoor driving characteristics, but also maneuverable indoors.
    • Materials: Non-corrosive materials or anti-corrosive surface.
    • Electronic Protection: IPX4 degree of protection for electronic components and plug connections.
    • Operating Temperature: -25°C to +50°C.
    • Suspension: Chassis with full spring suspension, longitudinal steering wheels, individual wheel suspension. Spring travel: 52 mm. Offers comfort on various surfaces (asphalt, cobbled, field/forest paths, meadows).
    • Obstacle Negotiation: Can negotiate obstacles up to 120 mm with a curb climber.
    • Tires: Designed for good rolling characteristics and noise-free operation on smooth surfaces (indoor/outdoor), integrated cleat tread for off-road traction.
    • Tilt Supports: Secure against backward tilting on obstacles and slopes.
    • Maintenance: Integrated jack-up mechanism to raise drive wheels for easy removal/refitting.
    • Dismantling: Rapidly and simply dismantles into 8 individual components without tools (modular construction). Automatic contact established with drives and battery packs.
    • Transport: Modular construction allows transport in smaller vehicles.
    • Repair: Defective components can be replaced quickly to avoid long disuse.
    • Weight (empty): Max. 96.7 kg (without accessories).
      • Seat unit: 14.3 kg
      • Chassis: 26.2 kg
      • Wheel: 11.2 kg each
      • Steering wheel: 2.3 kg each
      • Battery pack: 14.6 kg each
    • Max. Permissible Occupant Weight: 140 kg.
    • Permissible Overall Weight: 255 kg.
    • Slopes/Gradients: Can safely traverse slopes/gradients up to 18%, and sloping ground up to 12% (due to optimally positioned center of gravity).
    • Dimensions: Overall length 1100-1300 mm, max. width 680 mm, turning radius 950 mm.
    • Control Panel: Option for indoor mode for better control in confined spaces. Various driving parameters can be adapted to occupant's disability and edited directly on the control panel.
    • Seat:
      • Removable, available in standard and function seat versions.
      • Standard seat: Washable, non-removable padding, limited adjustment.
      • Function seat: Standard or comfort padding (removable, washable), continuous adjusting options for back and leg supports, variable seat width, depth, and back height.
    • Armrests: Removable or pivotable to the rear.
    • Brakes: Parking brake actuated by driver. Can be pushed by accompanying person when parking brake is released and system deactivated.

    Intended Use Statement (and Indications for Use):

    • To provide mobility to persons limited to a sitting position who have the capability of operating a powered wheelchair.
    • Medical Indications for provision of a wheelchair include:
      • Paralysis
      • Loss of a limb or limbs
      • Defects/deformation of a limb or limbs
      • Contractures of the joints
      • Other illnesses where walking is no longer possible or severely restricted.

    This information describes the device itself and its purpose, but not performance metrics or acceptance criteria as typically defined for a diagnostic study.

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    K Number
    K003449
    Date Cleared
    2001-03-16

    (129 days)

    Product Code
    Regulation Number
    890.3860
    Reference & Predicate Devices
    N/A
    Why did this record match?
    Applicant Name (Manufacturer) :

    ULRICH ALBER GMBH & CO.

    AI/MLSaMDIVD (In Vitro Diagnostic)TherapeuticDiagnosticis PCCP AuthorizedThirdpartyExpeditedreview
    Intended Use
    Device Description
    AI/ML Overview
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