The XR-910 folds into a compact unit (20" W 54.5" L 21" H). The XR-910 is then easily transported by a van or similar vehicle, to a private residence, nursing home, medical clinic, and other such facilities. With the large 15" pneumatic wheels, and 20" wheelbase and a weight of only 78 lbs., the XR-910 can be easily maneuvered through doorways, hallways, and up and down flights of stairs. This can be accomplished by an average person. Due to the large vertical movement of the tubehead and boom arm, and rotational positions of the tubehead, radiographs may be taken with the patient standing, sitting or supine. Radiographs may be taken of the chest and extremities. The XR-910 is a 60 to 90 kVp, 10 mA unit. Using 800 speed film and screens, exposure times for most radiographs are less than 100 milliseconds.

Device Description

The XR-910 Mobile X-Ray unit is a light weight (78 pounds), compact (20" W 54.5" L 21" H), X-Ray System. The system can be easily loaded into a van or similar vehicle for transporting to the site where the unit will be used.

AI/ML Overview

Here's an analysis of the provided text regarding acceptance criteria and the supporting study:

The provided document is a 510(k) Summary for the Imaging Sciences International Inc. XR-910 Mobile X-Ray unit, submitted in 1998. This document primarily focuses on demonstrating substantial equivalence to a predicate device, rather than defining and proving unique acceptance criteria through a formal, quantitative study as might be expected in a modern AI/software device submission.

As such, many of the typical acceptance criteria and study details for an AI-powered device (e.g., sample size for test sets, expert ground truth, MRMC studies, standalone performance) are not present or applicable. The device described is a physical X-ray unit, not an AI algorithm.

However, I can extract the closest equivalent information based on the text provided:

1. Table of Acceptance Criteria (or rather, Performance Claims) and Reported Device Performance

For this device, the "acceptance criteria" are implied by the claims of substantial equivalence and suitability for its intended use, particularly in mobility and image quality comparable to a predicate device.

Acceptance Criteria (Implied)	Reported Device Performance
Mobility & Maneuverability	The unit was "maneuvered through doorways, across concrete floors, carpeted floors and up and down stairways with relative ease" during evaluation. It is lightweight (78 lbs), has large 15" pneumatic wheels, and a 20" wheelbase, enabling an "average person" to maneuver it.
Image Quality (Radiographic Performance)	"radiographs of a step wedge and a phantom that were comparable with the DynaRad unit, and adequate for their intended use."
kVp Range	50 to 90 kVp (adjustable in 1 kVp increments).
mA Current	10 mA.
Exposure Times	Less than 100 milliseconds for most radiographs (using 800 speed film and screens).
Size (Compactness)	Folds into a compact unit (20" W x 54.5" L x 21" H).
Portability (Transport)	"easily transported by a van or similar vehicle."
Positional Flexibility	Radiographs may be taken with the patient standing, sitting, or supine (due to large vertical movement of tubehead/boom arm and rotational positions).
Power Supply	Operates on either 120 VAC or 220 VAC, 50-60 Hz.
mA Accuracy	Monitored to within a 10% accuracy.
Exposure Timer Range	0.01 to 4.0 seconds (in increments of 0.01 seconds).

2. Sample size used for the test set and the data provenance

Sample Size: Not explicitly stated. The "test" involved evaluating the physical unit's mobility and taking radiographs of a "step wedge and a phantom." This implies a very small, controlled set of test cases, not a large patient data set.
Data Provenance: The "evaluation process" appears to have been conducted internally by Imaging Sciences International Inc. at their facility ("throughout various parts of our building"). This is a manufacturer-conducted, non-clinical, prospective evaluation.

3. Number of experts used to establish the ground truth for the test set and the qualifications of those experts

Number of Experts: Not specified. Given the nature of the tests (mobility, phantom image quality), it's highly unlikely that multiple human experts in the sense of clinical reviewers were involved to establish ground truth for a diagnostic outcome. The assessment of "comparable" image quality would likely have been made by the engineers or technical staff conducting the test.
Qualifications of Experts: Not specified.

4. Adjudication method for the test set

Adjudication Method: Not applicable/specified. No formal adjudication process as understood in clinical studies (e.g., 2+1 reading) is mentioned or implied for this type of non-clinical, technical evaluation.

5. If a multi-reader, multi-case (MRMC) comparative effectiveness study was done, If so, what was the effect size of how much human readers improve with AI vs without AI assistance

MRMC Study: No, an MRMC study was not done.
Effect Size of AI Improvement: Not applicable, as this device is a traditional X-ray unit, not an AI-powered diagnostic tool.

6. If a standalone (i.e. algorithm only without human-in-the-loop performance) was done

Standalone Performance: Not applicable, as this is a physical X-ray device, not an algorithm.

7. The type of ground truth used

Ground Truth: For the mobility assessment, the "ground truth" was the direct observation of the unit's ability to be maneuvered through various environments by an "average person." For radiographic performance, the "ground truth" was a comparison of images from a "step wedge and a phantom" to those produced by the predicate DynaRad unit, and a qualitative assessment of whether they were "adequate for their intended use." This is essentially expert judgment based on internal technical evaluation using standard test objects.

8. The sample size for the training set

Training Set Sample Size: Not applicable. This is a hardware device, not an AI algorithm that undergoes "training." Its design and engineering are based on established X-ray technology (specifically, the Keystone X-Ray Intrex VSK, K931486) and general engineering principles.

9. How the ground truth for the training set was established

Training Set Ground Truth: Not applicable for a hardware device. Its performance is validated through physical testing and comparison to established medical device standards and predicate device performance.

Summary for this specific document:

The provided document describes a traditional mobile X-ray unit and its 510(k) submission from 1998. The "studies" conducted were non-clinical performance assessments focusing on mechanical, electrical, and radiographic equivalence to a predicate device ("DynaRad Corporation Phantom Portable X-Ray system"). The assessment criteria were suitability for its intended use, mobility, and image quality on phantoms/step wedges, not AI performance metrics. Therefore, most of the requested information pertaining to AI algorithm evaluation (sample sizes for training/test sets, expert adjudication, MRMC studies, standalone performance, etc.) is not present and not applicable to this device.

Summary

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JUL 1 4 1998

510 (k) Summary

Submitters Information

Name:

Address:

Phone Number:

Fax Number:

Person To Contact:

Date Of Summary:

Imaging Sciences International Inc.

♥

941 Hamilton Ave. Roebling NJ, 08554

609-499-3700

609-499-8833

Robert E. Hay Radiation Safety Officer

。

『

April 17, 1998

Trade Name Of The Device:

Common Or Usual Name: .

Classification Name:

XR-910

Mobile X-Ray Unit

X-Ray, Mobile

{1}------------------------------------------------

Substantial Equivalence Claim: The Imaging Sciences International Inc. XR-910 Mobile X-Ray unit is substantially equivalent to the DynaRad Corporation Phantom Portable X-Ray system.

Description Of The Device: The XR-910 Mobile X-Ray unit is a light weight (78 pounds), compact (20" W 54.5" L 21" H), X-Ray System. The system can be easily loaded into a van or similar vehicle for transporting to the site where the unit will be used.

Intended Use Of The Device: The XR-910 is easily transported by a van or similar vehicle, to a private residence, nursing home, medical clinic, and other such facilities. With the large 15" pneumatic wheels, and 20" wheelbase and a weight of only 78 lbs., the XR-910 can be easily maneuvered through doorways, hallways, and up and down flights of stairs. This can be accomplished by an average person. Due to the large vertical movement of the tubehead and boom arm, and rotational positions of the tubehead, radiographs mav be taken with the patient standing, sitting or supine. Radiographs may be taken of the chest and extremities. The XR-910 is a 50 to 90 kVp, 10 mA unit. Using 800 speed film and screens, exposure times for most radiographs are less than 100 milliseconds.

Technological Characteristics Of The Device: The XR-910 technology is based on the Keystone X-Ray Intrex VSK, 510 (k) Number K931486.

The basic power supply consists of a full wave bridge rectifier, so connected that it may be operated on either 120 VAC or 220 VAC, 50 - 60 Hz power lines. This accomplished by changing jumpers in the power supply.

At the output of the bridge rectifier, two very high capacity 250V filter capacitors smooth the rectified power, which is then presented to a voltage requlator, consisting of five transistors, amplifiers and a reference diode. This requlator requlates the voltage applied to a four diode transistor inverter chopper.

Another low voltage power supply, with its step down transformer, bridge rectifier, and associated filters, supply power to another requlator and a logic board, so connected as to control the technique factors and the "on - off" exposure of the X-Ray System.

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The inverter is supplied by a 20 KHz signal that is developed on the logic board. This 20KHz alternately turns on and off the inverter to chop the DC power that has been generated in the power supply.

The 20KHz square wave is now transformed into 200 volt positive and negative pulses, this signal is then sent to the tubehead. In the tubehead the signal is supplied to a power output transformer, which raises the 200 volts to 6,000 volts. This 6,000 volts is now applied to a plus and minus multiplier PC boards. With its associated diodes and capacitors, the multiplier boards raise the 6,000 volt square wave to plus 35,000 and minus 35,000 volts. An X-Ray tube is placed between the two multiplier board outputs creating a potential across the X-Ray of 70,000 volts. The 20 KHz, 200 volt square wave may be adjusted upward and downward to create a kVp range from 50 kVp to 90 kVp in 1 kVp increments.

The filament of the X-Ray tube is also heated by the 20 KHz signal taken directly from the oscillator on the logic board. A rheostat is placed in series with the filament transformer, so it may be shunted out for fast heating of the filament, and switched back in during the exposure.

A voltage divider in the multiplier circuit of the tubehead allows the monitoring of the kVp. A current sample obtained from the primary of the power transformer allows the mA to be proportionately monitored within a 10% accuracy.

Two timers are included on the Timer PC board. One of the timers delays the exposure turn on until the filament has reached sufficient operating temperature. The second timer times the length of the desired exposure. The exposure time is can be programmed from 0.01 to 4.0 seconds in increments of 0.01 seconds. The clock for these timers operates at 1,000 KHz, and is divided down on the logic PC board:

In operation when, the exposure switch push button is depressed, the delay timer starts counting down a preprogrammed time that allows the filament to heat up to its proper temperature. When the delay timer has timed out the countdown of the exposure timer starts. At the end of the exposure, the exposure timer signals the inverter logic to cease operation, thereby shutting down both the high voltage anode and filament supplies, terminating the exposure.

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Assessment of Non-Clinical Performance: During the evaluation process, the XR-910 Mobile X-Ray System was transported throughout various parts of our building. With the large 15" pneumatic wheels, a narrow 20" wheelbase and a weight of only 78 lbs., the unit was maneuvered through doorways, across concrete floors, carpeted floors and up and down stairways with relative ease.

During the evaluation, the 90 kVp Constant Potential and 10 mA of the XR-910 produced radiographs of a step wedge and a phantom that were comparable with the DynaRad unit, and adequate for their intended use.

Conclusions of Non-Clinical Performance: The performance of the XR-910 during the non-clinical evaluation would indicate that the system is substantially equivalent mechanically, electrically and radiographically to the DynaRad Phantom Portable X-Ray system.

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Food and Drug Administration 9200 Corporate Boulevard Rockville MD 20850

JUL 1 4 1998

Robert E. Hay Radiation Safety Officer Imaging Sciences International Inc. 941 Hamilton Avenue Roebling, NJ 08554-0117

Re:

K981466 XR-910 (Mobile X-Ray Unit) Dated: April 17, 1998 Received: April 23, 1998 Regulatory class: II 21 CFR 892.1720/Procode: 90 IZL

Dear Mr. Hay:

We have reviewed your Section 510(k) notification of intent to market the device referenced above and we have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.

If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (Premarket Approval), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 895. A substantially equivalent determination assumes compliance with the Current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements, as set forth in the Quality System Regulation (QS) for Medical Devices: General regulation (21 CFR Part 820) and that, through periodic OS inspections, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will verify such assumptions. Failure to comply with the GMP regulation may result in regulatory action. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register. Please note: this response to your premarket notification submission does not affect any obligation you might have under sections 542 of the Act for devices under the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions, or other Federal laws or regulations.

This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your 510%) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.

If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801 and additionally 809.10 for in vitro diagnostic devices), please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4613. Additionally, for questions on the promotion and advertising of your device, please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4639. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR 807.97). Other general information on your responsibilities under the Act may be obtained from the Division of Small Manufacturers Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597 or at its Internet address "http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/dsmaldsmamain.html".

Sincerely yours,

Kilian Yi

Lillian Yin, Ph.D. Director, Division of Reproductive Abdominal, Ear, Nose and Throat and Radiological Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health

Enclosure

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510(k) Number (if known): •

Device Name:

Indications For Use:

XR-910 Mobile X-Rav Unit Indications for Use

(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE - CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)

Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)

Elvin G. Seymour
(Division Sign-Off)

Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, ENT, and Radiological Devices

510(k) Number K981466

Prescription Use (Per 21 CFR 801.109)

Over-The-Counter Use

(Optional Format 1-2-96)

Regulation Number and Section

§ 892.1720 Mobile x-ray system.

(a)
Identification. A mobile x-ray system is a transportable device system intended to be used to generate and control x-ray for diagnostic procedures. This generic type of device may include signal analysis and display equipment, patient and equipment supports, component parts, and accessories.(b)
Classification. Class II.