(255 days)
No
The description focuses on standard CAD/CAM software for orthodontic treatment planning and does not mention AI or ML capabilities. The software is described as having a 510(k) clearance under a standard product code, and the process involves manual review and approval by a dental professional.
Yes
The device, ClearForm Aligners, is designed to align teeth by applying continuous gentle forces, which indicates a therapeutic purpose aimed at correcting malocclusions.
No
The device is an orthodontic appliance used for the alignment of teeth, not for diagnosing a condition or disease. Its function is to reposition teeth based on a treatment plan, not to identify or monitor a medical condition.
No
The device description clearly states that the device consists of "a series of customized removable plastic orthodontic appliances" which are physical objects. While software is used in the planning and manufacturing process, the final medical device delivered to the patient is a physical aligner.
Based on the provided information, this device is not an IVD (In Vitro Diagnostic).
Here's why:
- IVD Definition: In Vitro Diagnostics are devices intended for use in the collection, preparation, and examination of specimens taken from the human body for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease.
- ClearForm Aligners' Intended Use: The intended use of ClearForm Aligners is for the alignment of teeth during orthodontic treatment of malocclusions. This is a physical manipulation of teeth, not an examination of a specimen from the body to provide diagnostic information.
- Device Description: The device description details the process of creating physical aligners based on digital models of the patient's teeth. This is a manufacturing process for a physical appliance, not a diagnostic test.
- Lack of Specimen Analysis: There is no mention of collecting or analyzing any biological specimens (blood, urine, tissue, etc.) from the patient.
- Focus on Physical Alignment: The entire process described is focused on physically moving teeth using a series of custom-made appliances.
While the process involves digital imaging and software, these are tools used to design and manufacture a physical device for treatment, not for in vitro diagnostic testing. The software itself is cleared under a different product code (PNN, regulation 872.5470) which is for orthodontic appliances and accessories, not IVDs.
N/A
Intended Use / Indications for Use
ClearForm Aligners are indicated for the alignment of teeth in patients with permanent dentition (i.e. all second molars) during orthodontic treatment of malocclusions. The aligners position teeth by way of continuous gentle forces.
Product codes (comma separated list FDA assigned to the subject device)
NXC
Device Description
ClearForm Aligners consist of a series of customized removable plastic orthodontic appliances which sequentially reposition teeth by way of continuous gentle force.
A digital or traditional mold impression of the patient's teeth is provided by a dental health professional (e.g. orthodontist or dentist). From the digital data created of the patient's teeth, specialized orthodontic CAD/CAM software is used to develop an orthodontic treatment plan. Using the software dental technicians produce a series of intermediate digital models corresponding to each stage of treatment, gradually aligning the patient's teeth according to the dental health professional's prescriptions.
The specialized orthodontic treatment planning software has a 510k clearance for the intended use under FDA Classification Product Code PNN, regulation 872.5470.
The prescribing doctor reviews and approves the treatment plan before the models/molds are produced.
Once approved, physical models are produced from the digital model files. The aligner trays are formed over the physical models by using thermal forming equipment and a thermoplastic sheet. The aligner trays are sent to the dental health professional who then delivers them to the patient, confirming fit and design. Over a period of time, additional trays are provided sequentially to the dental health professional to gradually move the teeth to the desired position. The dental health professional monitors treatment from the moment the first aligner is delivered to when the final aligner is delivered and treatment complete. The aligners are held in place by pressure and can be removed by the patient at any time.
Mentions image processing
Not Found
Mentions AI, DNN, or ML
Not Found
Input Imaging Modality
digital or traditional mold impression
Anatomical Site
teeth
Indicated Patient Age Range
permanent dentition (i.e. all second molars)
Intended User / Care Setting
dental health professional (e.g. orthodontist or dentist)
Description of the training set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Not Found
Description of the test set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Not Found
Summary of Performance Studies (study type, sample size, AUC, MRMC, standalone performance, key results)
Non-clinical Performance Data:
Due to the difficulty in evaluating this type of dental device in a laboratory environment, no direct performance bench testing of the aligners was performed.
An internal manufacturing validation was performed to demonstrate the dimensional accuracy of the manufacturing process for ClearForm Aligners. Three critical aspects of the manufacturing process were assessed for accuracy: digital dentition models from treatment planning, 3D printed molds, and the final thermoformed aligners.
Independent 3rd party reverse engineering/inspection software was used to perform point-to-point and critical displacement measurements.
Translational measurements were within 0.150 microns) of the target input value, the predefined tolerance of the manufacturing process. There were no significant differences in the difference in the intended and measured values observed from any of the groups. This test has met the pre-established acceptance criteria to demonstrate dimensional accuracy.
Additional qualitative assessment of device fit was performed meeting the acceptance criteria.
Key Metrics (Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, etc.)
Not Found
Predicate Device(s): If the device was cleared using the 510(k) pathway, identify the Predicate Device(s) K/DEN number used to claim substantial equivalence and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text. List the primary predicate first in the list.
Reference Device(s): Identify the Reference Device(s) K/DEN number and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text.
Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) - All Relevant Information for the subject device only (e.g. presence / absence, what scope was granted / cleared under the PCCP, any restrictions, etc).
Not Found
§ 872.5470 Orthodontic plastic bracket.
(a)
Identification. An orthodontic plastic bracket is a plastic device intended to be bonded to a tooth to apply pressure to a tooth from a flexible orthodontic wire to alter its position.(b)
Classification. Class II.
0
Image /page/0/Picture/0 description: The image shows the logo of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On the left is the Department of Health & Human Services logo. To the right of that is the FDA logo, which is a blue square with the letters "FDA" in white. To the right of the blue square is the text "U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION" in blue.
March 20, 2020
Motor City Lab Works % Chris Brown Manager Aclivi. LLC 6455 Farley Road Pinckney, Michigan 48169
Re: K191838
Trade/Device Name: Clearform Aligners Regulation Number: 21 CFR 872.5470 Regulation Name: Orthodontic Plastic Bracket Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: NXC Dated: February 10, 2020 Received: February 18, 2020
Dear Chris Brown:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's
1
requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/guidance-regulatory-information/postmarketing-safety-reportingcombination-products); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (OS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reportingmdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.
For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance) and CDRH Learn (https://www.fda.gov/training-and-continuing-education/cdrh-learn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (https://www.fda.gov/medical-device-advice-comprehensive-regulatoryassistance/contact-us-division-industry-and-consumer-education-dice) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
for Srinivas "Nandu" Nandkumar, Ph.D. Director DHT1B: Division of Dental Devices OHT1: Office of Ophthalmic, Anesthesia, Respiratory, ENT and Dental Devices Office of Product Evaluation and Quality Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
2
Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K191838
Device Name ClearForm Aligners
Indications for Use (Describe)
ClearForm Aligners are indicated for the alignment of teeth in patients with permanent dentition (i.e. all second molars) during orthodontic treatment of malocclusions. The aligners position teeth by way of continuous gentle forces.
Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
X Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D)
| Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C)
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K191838 510(k) Summary Motor City Lab Works ClearForm Aligners
ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
| Manufacturer Name | Motor City Lab Works
2200 Holland St
Birmingham, Michigan 48009
USA |
|-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| | Telephone: +1 (248) 250-9519
Fax: n/a |
| Official Contact | Dr. Christian Groth, President
Telephone: +1 (248) 250-9519 |
| Email: | Info@motorcitylabworks.com |
| Date Submitted: | 2/10/2020 |
DEVICE NAME AND CLASSIFICATION
| Trade/Proprietary Name: | ClearForm Aligners |
|---|---|
| Common Name: | Aligners, sequential |
| Classification Name: | Orthodontic Plastic Bracket |
| Classification Regulations: | 21 CFR 872.5470 |
| Device Class: | Class II |
| Product Code: | NXC |
| Review Panel: | Dental |
| Reviewing Branch: | Ophthalmic, Anesthesia, Respiratory, ENT and Dental Devices (OHT1) |
| Dental Devices (DHT1B) |
PREDICATE DEVICE INFORMATION
The devices within this submission are substantially equivalent in indications, intended use and design principles to the following predicate device:
| 510(k) | Predicate Device Name | Company Name |
|---|---|---|
| K180241 | Twin Aligner | Ortho Caps GmbH |
| Reference Device Name | ||
| K180941 | Ortho System | 3Shape A/S |
| K062828 | Essix | Dentsply |
DEVICE DESCRIPTION
ClearForm Aligners consist of a series of customized removable plastic orthodontic appliances which sequentially reposition teeth by way of continuous gentle force.
A digital or traditional mold impression of the patient's teeth is provided by a dental health professional (e.g. orthodontist or dentist). From the digital data created of the patient's teeth, specialized
4
orthodontic CAD/CAM software is used to develop an orthodontic treatment plan. Using the software dental technicians produce a series of intermediate digital models corresponding to each stage of treatment, gradually aligning the patient's teeth according to the dental health professional's prescriptions.
The specialized orthodontic treatment planning software has a 510k clearance for the intended use under FDA Classification Product Code PNN, regulation 872.5470.
The prescribing doctor reviews and approves the treatment plan before the models/molds are produced.
Once approved, physical models are produced from the digital model files. The aligner trays are formed over the physical models by using thermal forming equipment and a thermoplastic sheet. The aligner trays are sent to the dental health professional who then delivers them to the patient, confirming fit and design. Over a period of time, additional trays are provided sequentially to the dental health professional to gradually move the teeth to the desired position. The dental health professional monitors treatment from the moment the first aligner is delivered to when the final aligner is delivered and treatment complete. The aligners are held in place by pressure and can be removed by the patient at any time.
INDICATIONS FOR USE
ClearForm Aligners are indicated for the alignment of teeth in patients with permanent dentition (i.e. all second molars) during orthodontic treatment of malocclusions. The aligners position teeth by way of continuous gentle forces.
EQUIVALENCE TO MARKETED DEVICE
The Subject device is highly similar to the Predicate device with respect to Indications for Use and technological principles. Slight differences in the wording of the Indications for Use only changes the intended use of the Subject device to include patients with permanent dentition (i.e all second molars). The Comparison table below compares parameters and characteristics of the subject device and predicate/reference devices.
| Parameter | Subject Device | Predicate Device |
|---|---|---|
| Regulation # | 21 CFR 872.5470 | 21 CFR 872.5470 |
| Device | ||
| Classification | ||
| Name | Orthodontic Plastic | |
| Bracket | Orthodontic Plastic | |
| Bracket | ||
| Product Code | NXC | NXC |
| Classification | Class II | Class II |
| Indications for Use | ClearForm Aligners are indicated for the alignment of teeth in patients with permanent dentition (i.e. all second molars) during orthodontic treatment of malocclusions. The aligners position teeth by way of continuous gentle forces. | The Orthocaps TwinAligner® System is indicated for the alignment of teeth during orthodontic treatment of malocclusions by way of continuous gentle forces. |
| Mode of action | Orthodontic movement occurs through continuous gentle forces applied to the dentition as each tooth follows the programmed displacement based on a doctor's prescription. | Orthodontic movement occurs through continuous gentle forces applied to the dentition as each tooth follows the programmed displacement based on a doctor's prescription. |
| Method of use | Each preformed plastic tray is worn in sequence by the patient as prescribed by the dental practitioner. | Each preformed plastic tray is worn in sequence by the patient as prescribed by the dental practitioner. |
Predicate Device Comparison Table
5
| Parameter | Subject Device | Predicate Device |
|---|---|---|
| Function of the software | ClearForm Aligner | |
| Standard dental software for tooth alignment uses | ||
| digital scan (untreated state) to generate the image | ||
| of a final, provisional treated state and then | ||
| interprets a series of images that represent | ||
| intermediate teeth states. The dental practitioner | ||
| then reviews these images and has the option to | ||
| reject or request modifications to the set-up prior to | ||
| approving it for aligner fabrication. Once the dental | ||
| practitioner approves the treatment plan, the | ||
| software converts the files to produce the series of | ||
| 3D models used to produce thermoformed aligners. | Ortho Caps Twin Aligner | |
| K180241 | ||
| Standard dental software for tooth alignment uses | ||
| digital scan (untreated state) to generate the image | ||
| of a final, provisional treated state and then | ||
| interprets a series of images that represent | ||
| intermediate teeth states. The dental practitioner | ||
| then reviews these images and has the option to | ||
| reject or request modifications to the set-up prior to | ||
| approving it for aligner fabrication. Once the dental | ||
| practitioner approves the treatment plan, the | ||
| software converts the files to produce the series of | ||
| 3D models used to produce thermoformed aligners. | ||
| Material | Essix thermoplastic | Thermoplastic |
| Material | ||
| Properties | Demonstrates sufficient tensile strength, elasticity, | |
| ductility, chemical resistance, and clarity for use as a | ||
| clear tray aligner | Demonstrates sufficient tensile strength, elasticity, | |
| ductility, chemical resistance, and clarity for use as a | ||
| clear tray aligner. | ||
| Design | Image: clear aligner | Image: clear aligner |
| Biocompatible | Yes | Yes |
| OTC or Rx | Rx | Rx |
| Sterile | Non-sterile | Non-sterile |
TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The Subject device mechanism of action is identical to the Predicate device and supports a determination of substantial equivalence. The Subject device use of Software is identical to the Predicate device and supports a determination of substantial equivalence. The Subject and Predicate devices are both fabricated of a non-sterile, biocompatible thermoplastic material which supports a determination of substantial equivalence. The Subject device is fabricated of the Reference device material which is indicated for the intended use.
Non-clinical Performance Data
Due to the difficulty in evaluating this type of dental device in a laboratory environment, no direct performance bench testing of the aligners was performed. The use of thermoplastic materials for sequential aligners intended to treat malocclusions have been well documented in scientific literature regarding incremental tooth moving forces.
Software used for treatment planning and creation of models/casts for ClearForm Aligners is manufactured by 3Shape A/S under the name Ortho System. It has a 510(k) clearance (K180941) under the PNN product code and is indicated for the intended use.
An internal manufacturing validation was performed to demonstrate the dimensional accuracy of the manufacturing process for ClearForm Aligners. Three critical aspects of the manufacturing process were assessed for accuracy: digital dentition models from treatment planning, 3D printed molds, and the final thermoformed aligners.
Independent 3rd party reverse engineering/inspection software was used to perform point-to-point and critical displacement measurements.
Translational measurements were within 0.150 microns) of the target input value, the predefined tolerance of the manufacturing process. There were no significant differences in the
6
difference in the intended and measured values observed from any of the groups. This test has met the pre-established acceptance criteria to demonstrate dimensional accuracy.
An additional qualitative assessment of device fit was performed meeting the acceptance criteria.
The material used for ClearForm Aligners has a 510(k) clearance (K062828) for use as an aligner material. Biocompatibility testing for the aligner material, the only patient contacting material, has been conducted by the 510(k) holder in accordance with International Standard ISO 10993-1, "Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management process".
Additional cytotoxicity testing according to ISO 10993-5:2009 was performed on the final, finished Subject device.
CLINICAL TESTING
Clinical performance data was not provided for ClearForm Aligners.
CONCLUSION
Based on similarities in Indications for Use and technology, as well as non-clinical performance testing, we believe that ClearForm Aligners are substantially equivalent to the Orthocaps TwinAligner® System.