(29 days)
No
The description focuses on the hardware components and standard image acquisition software, with no mention of AI or ML capabilities for image processing, analysis, or diagnosis.
No
The device is used for acquiring x-ray images for diagnosis, not for treating any condition.
Yes
Reasoning: The "Intended Use / Indications for Use" section explicitly states that the device is used for "acquiring x-ray images to be used for the diagnosis of diseases of the mouth and for evaluating general dental health." While the device itself acquires data, the purpose of that data is for diagnosis, making it a diagnostic device.
No
The device description clearly states that Aurora is an intraoral digital x-ray system composed of hardware components like a scintillation plate, CMOS detector, and fiber optic plate, which connects to a PC via a cable. While it uses software for image acquisition and processing, it is fundamentally a hardware device with accompanying software.
Based on the provided information, the Aurora device is not an IVD (In Vitro Diagnostic).
Here's why:
- IVD Definition: In Vitro Diagnostics are tests performed on samples taken from the human body, such as blood, urine, or tissue, to detect diseases, conditions, or infections.
- Aurora's Function: The Aurora device is an intra-oral sensor that acquires X-ray images directly from within the patient's mouth. It does not analyze samples taken from the body.
- Intended Use: The intended use is to acquire X-ray images for the diagnosis of diseases of the mouth and evaluating general dental health. This is a form of in vivo imaging, not in vitro testing.
Therefore, the Aurora device falls under the category of a medical imaging device, specifically a dental X-ray sensor, rather than an In Vitro Diagnostic device.
N/A
Intended Use / Indications for Use
Aurora is an intra-oral sensor used by dental professionals for the purpose of acquiring x-ray images to be used for the diagnosis of diseases of the mouth and for evaluating general dental health.
Product codes
MUH
Device Description
Aurora is an intraoral digital x-ray system used to acquire digital x-ray images when used with an external x-ray source.
The sensor is composed of a scintillation plate that converts incident x-ray light into visible light, which is coupled to a CMOS detector via a fiber optic plate (FOP) collimator. It connects to a PC via a 2-meter cable with USB 2.0 interface. A trained dental professional (e.g. Dentist, Dental Assistant, etc.) will operate the sensor by aligning the device inside the mouth using a positioning device, such as ring and bar holder, and then using an external x-ray source (i.e. dental x-ray tube head) to expose the sensor to radiation with the oral tissue of interest between.
A software package will control the acquisition of the x-ray image from the sensor itself and will interpret the data to create an image on a computer screen for the dentist to use for diagnosis. Neither the software package nor the x-ray sensor controls the x-ray generating source in any fashion. The software package used by Sodium Dental is Xray Vision® from Apteryx, Inc (K983111). The Xray Vision® software is a network-based image acquisition and management software used to acquire x-ray/camera images and store them in a patient database.
Aurora is designed to be used at all times with a sensor barrier to prevent any direct contact with the inside of a patient's mouth, an example of which is the product from Trollhatteplast AB.: TrollBag - registration number 3004116514. When used properly with a new sensor barrier for each patient, the unit can be reused without the need to use sterilization equipment that would destroy the sensor. At no point does the sensor itself come in contact with the patient's mouth. Sodium Systems provides thorough instructions for handling and cleaning the sensor.
Mentions image processing
Acquire digital x-ray images. A software package will control the acquisition of the x-ray image from the sensor itself and will interpret the data to create an image on a computer screen for the dentist to use for diagnosis.
Mentions AI, DNN, or ML
Not Found
Input Imaging Modality
X-ray
Anatomical Site
Mouth, oral structures, teeth, jaw
Indicated Patient Age Range
Not Found
Intended User / Care Setting
Dental professionals (e.g. Dentist, Dental Assistant, etc.) / Dental clinics
Description of the training set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Not Found
Description of the test set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Not Found
Summary of Performance Studies (study type, sample size, AUC, MRMC, standalone performance, key results)
Clinical images were provided; these images were not necessary to establish substantial equivalence based on the modifications to the predicate device but they provide further evidence in addition to bench testing data to show that the complete system works as intended.
Clinical images were examined by Dr. Tiffany Danyal, D.D.S., a qualified practitioner of Clarkson Village Dental, Clarkston, MI. The images were determined by Dr. Danyal to be of diagnostic quality and usefulness for evaluation of all relevant oral structures.
Bench tests were performed on the Aurora, in accordance with IEC 60601-1 (Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance), IEC 60601-1-2 (Medical electrical equipment – Part 1-2: General requirements for safety – Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements and tests), IEC 62220-1 (Medical Electrical Equipment – Characteristics of Digital X-ray Imaging Devices – Part 1: Determination of the Detective Quantum Efficiency) and IEC 60529 (Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures - IP Codes).
Key Metrics (Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, etc.)
Resolution: Real >= 20 lp/mm
Grey Levels: 14 bits
Predicate Device(s)
Reference Device(s)
Not Found
Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) - All Relevant Information
Not Found
§ 872.1800 Extraoral source x-ray system.
(a)
Identification. An extraoral source x-ray system is an AC-powered device that produces x-rays and is intended for dental radiographic examination and diagnosis of diseases of the teeth, jaw, and oral structures. The x-ray source (a tube) is located outside the mouth. This generic type of device may include patient and equipment supports and component parts.(b)
Classification. Class II.
0
Image /page/0/Picture/0 description: The image contains two logos. On the left is the Department of Health & Human Services logo, which features a stylized human figure. To the right of that is the FDA logo, which is a blue square with the letters "FDA" in white, followed by the words "U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION" in blue.
July 20, 2018
Sodium Systems, LLC % Brandon Bachler, Ph.D. Chief Technology Officer 1050 Highland Drive, Suite E ANN ARBOR MI 48108
Re: K181636
Trade/Device Name: Aurora Regulation Number: 21 CFR 872.1800 Regulation Name: Extraoral source x-ray system Regulatory Class: II Product Code: MUH Dated: June 18, 2018 Received: June 21, 2018
Dear Dr. Bachler:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820);
1
and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm.
For comprehensive regulatory information about medical devices and radiation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/) and CDRH Learn (http://www.fda.gov/Training/CDRHLearn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (http://www.fda.gov/DICE) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely.
Hole 2. Nild
Robert Ochs, Ph.D. Director Division of Radiological Health Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known) K181636
Device Name Aurora
Indications for Use (Describe)
Aurora is an intra-oral sensor used by dental professionals for the purpose of acquiring x-ray images to be used for the diagnosis of diseases of the mouth and for evaluating general dental health.
| Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable) | |
|---|---|
| ☒ Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) | |
| ☐ Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C) |
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510(k) Summary
Submitter
Sodium Systems, LLC 1050 Highland Drive, Ste. E Ann Arbor, MI 48108 Date: 6/5/2018
Phone: 800-821-8962 Fax: 866-611-0677 Contact Person: Brandon Bachler Contact email: brandon.bachler@sodiumdental.com
Device Name/Classification
Proprietary trade name: Aurora Common name: Intraoral digital x-ray sensor Classification name: Extraoral Source X-ray System Regulatory class: Class II Regulation number: 21 CFR 872.1800 Classification Code: MUH Submission type: 510(k) - Traditional Medical Specialty: Dental
Predicate Device
Company: Denterprise International, Inc. Device name: QuickRay HD 510(k) number: K151926 Regulation number: 21 CFR 872.1800 Regulation name: Extraoral source x-ray system Regulatory class: II Classification code: MUH Clearance date: December 14, 2015
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Product Description
Aurora is an intraoral digital x-ray system used to acquire digital x-ray images when used with an external x-ray source.
The sensor is composed of a scintillation plate that converts incident x-ray light into visible light, which is coupled to a CMOS detector via a fiber optic plate (FOP) collimator. It connects to a PC via a 2-meter cable with USB 2.0 interface. A trained dental professional (e.g. Dentist, Dental Assistant, etc.) will operate the sensor by aligning the device inside the mouth using a positioning device, such as ring and bar holder, and then using an external x-ray source (i.e. dental x-ray tube head) to expose the sensor to radiation with the oral tissue of interest between.
A software package will control the acquisition of the x-ray image from the sensor itself and will interpret the data to create an image on a computer screen for the dentist to use for diagnosis. Neither the software package nor the x-ray sensor controls the x-ray generating source in any fashion. The software package used by Sodium Dental is Xray Vision® from Apteryx, Inc (K983111). The Xray Vision® software is a network-based image acquisition and management software used to acquire x-ray/camera images and store them in a patient database.
Aurora is designed to be used at all times with a sensor barrier to prevent any direct contact with the inside of a patient's mouth, an example of which is the product from Trollhatteplast AB.: TrollBag - registration number 3004116514. When used properly with a new sensor barrier for each patient, the unit can be reused without the need to use sterilization equipment that would destroy the sensor. At no point does the sensor itself come in contact with the patient's mouth. Sodium Systems provides thorough instructions for handling and cleaning the sensor.
Indications for use
Aurora is an intra-oral x-ray sensor used by dental professionals for the purpose of acquiring xray images to be used for the diagnosis of diseases of the mouth and for evaluating general dental health.
Intended use
The Aurora sensor is recommended for use with a ring and bar style holder for alignment, although the use of such a device is not critical to the function of the sensor. The sensor comes in two sizes, Size 1 and Size 2, designed to accommodate the acquisition of images in different locations (e.g. horizontal bite wings, vertical bite wings, anterior periapical, etc.) and different patient mouth sizes.
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Comparison with Predicate Device
Aurora is an identical device to the predicate device, the QuickRay HD (K151926) by Denterprise International, Inc. The predicate device is the same hardware device from the same hardware manufacturer, Hamamatsu. The device differs from Aurora by labeling only – no functional differences between the predicate sensor and Aurora exist.
As with our device, the predicate device comes in two sizes, size 1 and size 2. In each case, the manufacturing number from Hamamatsu is identical.
A comparison table between our sensor and the predicate device is provided below, although it should be noted that since it is identical hardware from the same manufacturer, all values in the table are necessarily the same. All values provided are for size 2 sensors. Size 1 devices are also identical to all predicate values.
| | Aurora sensor
(subject) | QuickRay HD
(predicate) | Differences |
|--------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|
| 510(k) | Not assigned yet | K151926 | N/A |
| Applicant/510(k)
owner | Sodium Systems, LLC. | Denterprise
International, Inc. | N/A |
| Manufacturer -
Software Component | Apteryx, Inc. | Apteryx, Inc. | None |
| Classification &
Product Code | 872.1800; MUH | 872.1800; MUH | None |
| Common Name | Intraoral Digital X-ray
Sensor | Intraoral Digital X-ray
Sensor | None |
| Indications for use | Acquisition of x-ray
images to be used for
the diagnosis of
diseases of the mouth
and for evaluating
general dental health. | Radiographic
examination and
diagnosis of diseases of
the teeth, jaw, and oral
structure. | Equivalent |
| Principles of Operation | X-ray (radiation) →
scintillator (convert to
visible light) → fiber
optic plate (filtering) →
CMOS (convert to
digital image) →
electronics → PC
(capture and display
image) | X-ray (radiation) →
scintillator (convert to
visible light) → fiber
optic plate (filtering) →
CMOS (convert to
digital image) →
electronics → PC
(capture and display
image) | None |
| Software - Firmware | Firmware combined on
sensor electronic board | Firmware combined on
sensor electronic board | None |
| Software - Image Management | XRayVision (Apteryx, Inc.) | XRayVision (Apteryx, Inc.) | None |
| Sensor Technology | CMOS chip + fiber optic plate + Csl scintillator | CMOS chip + fiber optic plate + Csl scintillator | None |
| Matrix Dimensions (mm²) | Active area: 600 mm² (Size 1); 884 mm² (Size 2) | Active area: 600 mm² (Size 1); 884 mm² (Size 2) | None |
| Matrix Dimensions (pixels) | 1000 lines x 1500 lines (Size 1); 1300 lines x 1700 lines (Size 2) | 1000 lines x 1500 lines (Size 1); 1300 lines x 1700 lines (Size 2) | None |
| CMOS Lifespan | Min. 100,000 cycles | Min. 100,000 cycles | None |
| Resolution | Real ≥ 20 lp/mm | Real ≥ 20 lp/mm | None |
| Pixel Size | 20 x 20 μm | 20 x 20 μm | None |
| Grey Levels | 14 bits | 14 bits | None |
| Sensor Board | All control electronics integrated directly on CMOS sensor chip | All control electronics integrated directly on CMOS sensor chip | None |
| Sensor Shell | Material is ABS and the flammability is HB if YK-94 (UL File No. 49895) | Material is ABS and the flammability is HB if YK-94 (UL File No. 49895) | None |
| Cable Material and Design | Cable consists of PVC, ETFE, copper, plug connector and sensor connector, diameter ⌀ 3.7 ± 0.3 mm and cable length 2 meters. | Cable consists of PVC, ETFE, copper, plug connector and sensor connector, diameter ⌀ 3.7 ± 0.3 mm and cable length 2 meters. | None |
| Connection to Imaging Practice PC | USB 2.0 High-speed | USB 2.0 High-speed | None |
| Operating Temperature | 0° C to 35° C | 0° C to 35° C | None |
| Sensor Input Voltage and Current | 5V (via USB connection); 0.15 A Max | 5V (via USB connection); 0.15 A Max | None |
| Standards of Conformity | IEC 60601-1 (Electrical) IEC 60601-1-2 (EMC) 62220-1 (Performance) 60529 (IP Code) | IEC 60601-1 (Electrical) IEC 60601-1-2 (EMC) 62220-1 (Performance) 60529 (IP Code) | None |
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| Input | Calculation software*1 | Output |
|---|---|---|
| MTF | ||
| NNPS | ||
| $\Phi$ | $DQE = \frac{MTF^2}{\Phi \cdot NNPS}$ | DQE |
*1: The calculation procedure is the same as that in IEC62220-1.
Image /page/7/Figure/2 description: The image contains two line plots that show the relationship between spatial frequency and two different metrics: DQE (Detective Quantum Efficiency) and MTF (Modulation Transfer Function). Both plots have spatial frequency on the x-axis, ranging from 0 to 25 cycles/mm. The DQE plot shows a curve that starts at approximately 0.45 and decreases to nearly 0 as spatial frequency increases, while the MTF plot starts at 1.0 and decreases to nearly 0 as spatial frequency increases.
8
Image /page/8/Figure/0 description: The figure is a plot of NNPS [mm^2] vs Spatial Frequency [cycles/mm]. The x-axis is the spatial frequency, ranging from 0 to 30 cycles/mm. The y-axis is the NNPS, ranging from 1.E-08 to 1.E-04 mm^2. The plot shows a decreasing trend, with the NNPS decreasing as the spatial frequency increases.
Performance Data
Clinical images were provided; these images were not necessary to establish substantial equivalence based on the modifications to the predicate device but they provide further evidence in addition to bench testing data to show that the complete system works as intended.
Clinical images were examined by Dr. Tiffany Danyal, D.D.S., a qualified practitioner of Clarkson Village Dental, Clarkston, MI. The images were determined by Dr. Danyal to be of diagnostic quality and usefulness for evaluation of all relevant oral structures.
Biocompatibility
Because Aurora is intended to be used with a sensor barrier shield, such as the product from Dentsply, Inc.: Universal Digital Sensor Cover (SKU 550500), there is no contact between the sensor and patient. As a result, biocompatibility testing is not necessary or pertinent for this device. Nonetheless, a biomedical conformity test report is included in this submission.
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Safety
Aurora has been tested for full compliance to electrical and safety standard IEC 60601-1 -Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance, just as the predicate device has. Similarly, Aurora has been tested for full compliance to electrical and safety standard IEC 60601-1-2 - Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance – Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic Compatibility.
9
Guidance Documents
The following device specific guidance documents were used in the development of the Aurora sensor:
-
- Guidance for the Submission of 510(k)s for Solid State Imaging Devices, issued on September 1, 2016
-
- Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Software Contained in Medical Devices, issued on May 11, 2005
- Pediatric Information for X-ray Imaging Device Premarket Notifications, issued 3. November 28, 2017
-
- Guidance for the Content of Premarket Submissions for Management of Cybersecurity in Medical Devices, issued on October 2, 2014
Software Verification and Validation Testing
The Aurora sensor contains firmware and driver software, both provided by Hamamatsu. The Aurora sensor also uses imaging software - previously cleared by the FDA - provided by Apteryx, lnc. (Xray Vision®, K983111). Firmware and driver documentation for the subject device are included in this petition, along with the 510(k) summary for the Apteryx Xray Vision® companion software. Firmware and driver software were both cleared previously with the predicate device. The previously cleared Apteryx XRay Vision Imaging Software has not been modified for use with Aurora.
Bench Testing
Bench tests were performed on the Aurora, in accordance with IEC 60601-1 (Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance), IEC 60601-1-2 (Medical electrical equipment – Part 1-2: General requirements for safety – Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements and tests), IEC 62220-1 (Medical Electrical Equipment – Characteristics of Digital X-ray Imaging Devices – Part 1: Determination of the Detective Quantum Efficiency) and IEC 60529 (Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures - IP Codes).
Conclusion
Aurora is a sensor which is identical in hardware and uses identical software to the predicate device. The only differences between our device and the predicate device are marketing in nature - the name of the sensor and branding. No new technology, safety risks, or software are introduced in our device. Therefore, we feel that the device is substantially equivalent to the predicate device.