(198 days)
No
The device description and intended use clearly define the device as a physical interbody fusion spacer made of PEEK, designed for structural support and bone graft containment. There is no mention of software, algorithms, image processing, or any other component that would suggest the use of AI or ML. The performance studies focus on mechanical testing and clinical data supporting the physical device's use.
Yes
The device is described as an "interbody fusion device" and is "indicated as an adjunct to fusion in patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD), disc herniation, spondylolisthesis, deformity, spinal stenosis, and failed previous fusion." These are all conditions that would benefit from therapeutic intervention.
No
The device is an interbody fusion device, specifically a spacer, used in spinal fusion surgery to provide structural stability and is an adjunct to fusion, not for diagnosing conditions.
No
The device description clearly describes physical implants (spacers) made of materials like PEEK, with specific shapes, sizes, and features for surgical implantation. The performance studies also focus on mechanical testing of these physical devices.
No, this device is not an IVD (In Vitro Diagnostic).
Here's why:
- Definition of IVD: In Vitro Diagnostic devices are used to examine specimens taken from the human body (like blood, urine, or tissue) to provide information for diagnosis, monitoring, or screening.
- Device Description: The provided text describes surgical implants (spacers) that are inserted into the spine to provide structural stability and promote fusion. They are physical devices used in the body, not for testing samples from the body.
- Intended Use: The intended use is for surgical treatment of various spinal conditions by providing structural support and facilitating bone fusion. This is a therapeutic intervention, not a diagnostic test.
N/A
Intended Use / Indications for Use
PATRIOT® Spacers (including CONSTITUTION®, SIGNATURE®, CONTINENTAL®, TransContinental®, and TransContinental® M) are interbody fusion devices indicated at one or more levels of the thoracic spine (T1-T12), thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1), or lumbosacral spine (L1-S1) as an adjunct to fusion in patients with the following indications: degenerative disc disease (DDD), disc herniation (with myelopathy and/or radiculopathy), spondylolisthesis, deformity (degenerative scoliosis), spinal stenosis, and failed previous fusion (pseudarthrosis). DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc as confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and had at least six (6) months of non-operative treatment. PATRIOT® Spacers are to be filled with autograft bone and/or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous, and/or corticocancellous bone. These devices are intended to be used with supplemental fixation systems that have been cleared for use in the thoracolumbosacral spine (e.g., posterior pedicle screw and rod systems, and anterior screw and rod systems). Hyperlordotic interbody devices (>20° lordosis) must be used with at least anterior supplemental fixation. All PATRIOT® TPS coated spacers are indicated for the same use as non-coated PEEK versions.
When used as thoracolumbar intervertebral body fusion devices, SUSTAIN® Spacers (including SUSTAIN® R. SUSTAIN®-IR, and SUSTAIN®-RT) are indicated at one or more levels of the thoracic spine (T1-T12), thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1), or lumbosacral spine (L1-S1) as an adjunct to fusion in patients with the following indications: degenerative disc disease (DDD), disc hemiation (with myelopathy), soondylolisthesis, deformity (degenerative scoliosis or kyphosis), spinal stenosis, and failed previous fusion (pseudarthrosis). DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and have had at least six (6) months of non-operative treatment. SUSTAIN® Spacers are to be used with autograft and/or allogenic bone graft comprised of cancellous, and/or corticocancellous bone graft. These devices are intended to be used with supplemental fixation systems that have been cleared for use in the thoracolumbosacral spine (e.g., posterior pedicle screw and rod systems, anterior plate systems, and anterior screw and rod systems). All SUSTAIN® TPS coated spacers are indicated for the same use as non-coated PEEK versions.
Product codes
MAX, PHM
Device Description
PATRIOT® (including CONSTITUTION®. SIGNATURE®. Spacers TransContinental®, CONTINENTAL®, TransContinental® and M) are thoracolumbar interbody fusion devices used to provide structural stability in skeletally mature individuals following discectomy. Each of the PATRIOT® spacers provides a different shape to accommodate various surgical approaches to the spine. CONSTITUTION® PLIF Spacers are inserted using a posterior or transforaminal approach. SIGNATURE® TLIF Spacers are inserted using a transforaminal or lateral approach. CONTINENTAL® ALIF Spacers are inserted using an anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approach. TransContinental® and TransContinental® M Spacers are inserted using an anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approach. All approaches may be used in the lumbar spine; only anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approaches may be used in the thoracic spine. The devices are available in various heights and geometric options to fit the anatomical needs of a wide variety of patients. Protrusions on the superior and inferior surfaces of each device grip the endplates of the adjacent vertebrae to resist expulsion. Each spacer has an axial hole to allow grafting material to be packed inside the spacer.
SUSTAIN® Spacers (including SUSTAIN® R, SUSTAIN®-IR, and SUSTAIN®-RT) are devices that can be used as intervertebral fusion devices or as vertebral body replacement devices. When used as interbody fusion devices, each of the spacers provides a different shape to accommodate various surgical approaches to the spine. SUSTAIN Small, SUSTAIN-R, and SUSTAIN-RT Spacers are inserted using a posterior or transforaminal approach. SUSTAIN Arch Spacers are inserted using a transforaminal or lateral approach. SUSTAIN Large Spacers are inserted using an anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approach. SUSTAIN Oblique and SUSTAIN G Spacers are inserted using a posterior, transforaminal, or lateral approach. These spacers are available in various heights and geometric options to fit the anatomical needs of a wide variety of patients. Protrusions on the superior and inferior surfaces of each device grip the endplates of the adjacent vertebrae to resist expulsion. Each spacer has an axial hole to allow grafting material to be packed inside the spacer.
These spacers are used to provide structural stability in skeletally mature individuals following discectomy, corpectomy, or vertebrectomy (including partial). All approaches may be used in the lumbar spine; only the anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approach may be used in the thoracic spine.
Mentions image processing
Not Found
Mentions AI, DNN, or ML
Not Found
Input Imaging Modality
Not Found
Anatomical Site
thoracic spine (T1-T12), thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1), or lumbosacral spine (L1-S1)
Indicated Patient Age Range
skeletally mature
Intended User / Care Setting
Not Found
Description of the training set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Not Found
Description of the test set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Not Found
Summary of Performance Studies (study type, sample size, AUC, MRMC, standalone performance, key results)
Mechanical testing was conducted with the additional implants in accordance with the "Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff, Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Intervertebral Fusion Device," June 12, 2007, ASTM F2077 (Dynamic and Static Compression and Compression-Shear) and ASTM F2267 (Subsidence), and expulsion testing was conducted to demonstrate substantial equivalence to the predicate spacers.
Published clinical data for interbody fusion devices is provided in this submission to support the additional indications for multiple levels in the thoracolumbar spine. The clinical data demonstrates that the use of interbody fusion devices to treat patients with disc herniation, spondylolisthesis, deformity (degenerative scoliosis or kyphosis), spinal stenosis or failed previous fusion (pseudarthrosis) does not pose new risks to patients.
Key Metrics (Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, etc.)
Not Found
Predicate Device(s)
K072970, K093242, K102313, K122097, K143578, K152022, K161223, K130478, K143578, K151665, K152022, K123231, K170962, K100865, K171031
Reference Device(s)
Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) - All Relevant Information
Not Found
§ 888.3080 Intervertebral body fusion device.
(a)
Identification. An intervertebral body fusion device is an implanted single or multiple component spinal device made from a variety of materials, including titanium and polymers. The device is inserted into the intervertebral body space of the cervical or lumbosacral spine, and is intended for intervertebral body fusion.(b)
Classification. (1) Class II (special controls) for intervertebral body fusion devices that contain bone grafting material. The special control is the FDA guidance document entitled “Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Intervertebral Body Fusion Device.” See § 888.1(e) for the availability of this guidance document.(2) Class III (premarket approval) for intervertebral body fusion devices that include any therapeutic biologic (e.g., bone morphogenic protein). Intervertebral body fusion devices that contain any therapeutic biologic require premarket approval.
(c)
Date premarket approval application (PMA) or notice of product development protocol (PDP) is required. Devices described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section shall have an approved PMA or a declared completed PDP in effect before being placed in commercial distribution.
0
December 6, 2018
Image /page/0/Picture/1 description: The image contains the logo of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On the left is the Department of Health & Human Services logo. To the right of that is the FDA logo, which is a blue square with the letters "FDA" in white. To the right of the square is the text "U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION" in blue.
Globus Medical Inc. Kelly Baker, PhD Senior Vice President, Regulatory and Clinical Affairs 2560 General Armistead Ave. Audubon, Pennsylvania 19403
Re: K181357
Trade/Device Name: PATRIOT® Lumbar Spacers, SUSTAIN® Spacers Regulation Number: 21 CFR 888.3080 Regulation Name: Intervertebral Body Fusion Device Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: MAX, PHM Dated: November 2, 2018 Received: November 5, 2018
Dear Dr. Baker:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA). You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. Although this letter refers to your product as a device, please be aware that some cleared products may instead be combination products. The 510(k) Premarket Notification Database located at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm identifies combination product submissions. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. Please note: CDRH does not evaluate information related to contract liability warranties. We remind you, however, that device labeling must be truthful and not misleading.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part
1
801); medical device reporting of medical device-related adverse events) (21 CFR 803) for devices or postmarketing safety reporting (21 CFR 4, Subpart B) for combination products (see https://www.fda.gov/CombinationProducts/GuidanceRegulatoryInformation/ucm597488.htm); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (OS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820) for devices or current good manufacturing practices (21 CFR 4, Subpart A) for combination products; and, if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21 CFR Part 807.97). For questions regarding the reporting of adverse events under the MDR regulation (21 CFR Part 803), please go to http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/ReportaProblem/default.htm.
For comprehensive regulatory information about mediation-emitting products, including information about labeling regulations, please see Device Advice (https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/) and CDRH Learn (http://www.fda.gov/Training/CDRHLearn). Additionally, you may contact the Division of Industry and Consumer Education (DICE) to ask a question about a specific regulatory topic. See the DICE website (http://www.fda.gov/DICE) for more information or contact DICE by email (DICE@fda.hhs.gov) or phone (1-800-638-2041 or 301-796-7100).
Sincerely,
Melissa Hall -S
For Mark N. Melkerson Director Division of Orthopedic Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration
Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known)
K181357
Device Name PATRIOT® Lumbar Spacers
Indications for Use (Describe)
PATRIOT® Spacers (including CONSTITUTION®, SIGNATURE®, CONTINENTAL®, TransContinental®, and TransContinental® M) are interbody fusion devices indicated at one or more levels of the thoracic spine (T1-T12), thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1), or lumbosacral spine (L1-S1) as an adjunct to fusion in patients with the following indications: degenerative disc disease (DDD), disc herniation (with myelopathy and/or radiculopathy), spondylolisthesis, deformity (degenerative scoliosis), spinal stenosis, and failed previous fusion (pseudarthrosis). DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc as confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and had at least six (6) months of non-operative treatment. PATRIOT® Spacers are to be filled with autograft bone and/or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous, and/or corticocancellous bone. These devices are intended to be used with supplemental fixation systems that have been cleared for use in the thoracolumbosacral spine (e.g., posterior pedicle screw and rod systems, and anterior screw and rod systems). Hyperlordotic interbody devices (>20° lordosis) must be used with at least anterior supplemental fixation. All PATRIOT® TPS coated spacers are indicated for the same use as non-coated PEEK versions,
Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
| ☑ Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) | ☐ Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C) |
|---|---|
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
CONTINUE ON A SEPARATE PAGE IF NEEDED.### This section applies only to requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
DO NOT SEND YOUR COMPLETED FORM TO THE PRA STAFF EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW.
The burden time for this collection of information is estimated to average 79 hours per response, including the time to review instructions, search existing data sources, gather and maintain the data needed and comblete and review the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this information collection, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to:
Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Office of Chief Information Officer Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) Staff PRAStaff@fda.hhs.gov
"An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB number."
EF
PSC Publishing Scrvices (301) 443-6740
3
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration
Indications for Use
510(k) Number (if known)
K181357
Device Name SUSTAIN® Spacers
Indications for Use (Describe)
When used as thoracolumbar intervertebral body fusion devices, SUSTAIN® Spacers (including SUSTAIN® R. SUSTAIN®-IR, and SUSTAIN®-RT) are indicated at one or more levels of the thoracic spine (T1-T12), thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1), or lumbosacral spine (L1-S1) as an adjunct to fusion in patients with the following indications: degenerative disc disease (DDD), disc hemiation (with myelopathy), soondylolisthesis, deformity (degenerative scoliosis or kyphosis), spinal stenosis, and failed previous fusion (pseudarthrosis). DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and have had at least six (6) months of non-operative treatment. SUSTAIN® Spacers are to be used with autograft and/or allogenic bone graft comprised of cancellous, and/or corticocancellous bone graft. These devices are intended to be used with supplemental fixation systems that have been cleared for use in the thoracolumbosacral spine (e.g., posterior pedicle screw and rod systems, anterior plate systems, and anterior screw and rod systems). All SUSTAIN® TPS coated spacers are indicated for the same use as non-coated PEEK versions.
Type of Use (Select one or both, as applicable)
| ☑ Prescription Use (Part 21 CFR 801 Subpart D) | ☐ Over-The-Counter Use (21 CFR 801 Subpart C) |
|---|---|
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
CONTINUE ON A SEPARATE PAGE IF NEEDED.
This section applies only to requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995.
DO NOT SEND YOUR COMPLETED FORM TO THE PRA STAFF EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW.
The burden time for this collection of information is estimated to average 79 hours per response, including the time to review instructions, search existing data sources, gather and maintain the data needed and complete and review the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this information collection, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to:
Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Office of Chief Information Officer Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) Staff PRAStaff(@fda.hhs.gov
"An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB number."
4
510(k) Summary: PATRIOT® Lumbar Spacers and SUSTAIN® Spacers
- Company: Globus Medical Inc. 2560 General Armistead Ave. Audubon, PA 19403 610-930-1800
- Contact: Kelly Baker, Ph.D. Senior Vice President, Regulatory and Clinical Affairs
- Date Prepared: December 4, 2018
Device Name: PATRIOT® Lumbar Spacers SUSTAIN® Spacers
- Common Name: Intervertebral Body Fusion Device
- Classification: Per 21 CFR as follows: §888.3080 Intervertebral Body Fusion Device Product Code(s): MAX, PHM Regulatory Class: II, Panel Code: 87
- Primary Predicate: PATRIOT® Spacers (Lumbar) (K072970)
Additional
- Predicates: PATRIOT® Spacers (Lumbar) (K093242, K102313, K122097, K143578, K152022, K161223) SUSTAIN® R Spacers (K130478, K143578, K151665, K152022) CALIBER® Spacers (K123231) NuVasive CoRoent Thoracolumbar System (K170962) Stryker Spine AVS Navigation PEEK Spacer (K100865) Medtronic CRESCENT Spinal System (K171031)
Reference Device: DePuy Synthes SYNFIX Lateral (K131276)
Purpose:
The purpose of this submission is to request clearance for additional implants and indications for the PATRIOT and SUSTAIN spacers.
Device Description:
PATRIOT® Spacers
PATRIOT® (including CONSTITUTION®. SIGNATURE®. Spacers TransContinental®, CONTINENTAL®, TransContinental® and M) are thoracolumbar interbody fusion devices used to provide structural stability in
5
skeletally mature individuals following discectomy. Each of the PATRIOT® spacers provides a different shape to accommodate various surgical approaches to the spine. CONSTITUTION® PLIF Spacers are inserted using a posterior or transforaminal approach. SIGNATURE® TLIF Spacers are inserted using a transforaminal or lateral approach. CONTINENTAL® ALIF Spacers are inserted using an anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approach. TransContinental® and TransContinental® M Spacers are inserted using an anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approach. All approaches may be used in the lumbar spine; only anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approaches may be used in the thoracic spine. The devices are available in various heights and geometric options to fit the anatomical needs of a wide variety of patients. Protrusions on the superior and inferior surfaces of each device grip the endplates of the adjacent vertebrae to resist expulsion. Each spacer has an axial hole to allow grafting material to be packed inside the spacer.
SUSTAIN® Spacers
SUSTAIN® Spacers (including SUSTAIN® R, SUSTAIN®-IR, and SUSTAIN®-RT) are devices that can be used as intervertebral fusion devices or as vertebral body replacement devices. When used as interbody fusion devices, each of the spacers provides a different shape to accommodate various surgical approaches to the spine. SUSTAIN Small, SUSTAIN-R, and SUSTAIN-RT Spacers are inserted using a posterior or transforaminal approach. SUSTAIN Arch Spacers are inserted using a transforaminal or lateral approach. SUSTAIN Large Spacers are inserted using an anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approach. SUSTAIN Oblique and SUSTAIN G Spacers are inserted using a posterior, transforaminal, or lateral approach. These spacers are available in various heights and geometric options to fit the anatomical needs of a wide variety of patients. Protrusions on the superior and inferior surfaces of each device grip the endplates of the adjacent vertebrae to resist expulsion. Each spacer has an axial hole to allow grafting material to be packed inside the spacer.
These spacers are used to provide structural stability in skeletally mature individuals following discectomy, corpectomy, or vertebrectomy (including partial). All approaches may be used in the lumbar spine; only the anterior, anterolateral, or lateral approach may be used in the thoracic spine.
Indications for Use:
PATRIOT® Spacers
PATRIOT® Spacers (including CONSTITUTION®, SIGNATURE®, CONTINENTAL®, TransContinental®, and TransContinental® M) are interbody fusion devices indicated at one or more levels of the thoracic spine (T1-T12), thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1), or lumbosacral spine (L1-S1) as an adjunct to fusion in patients with the following indications: degenerative disc disease (DDD), disc herniation (with myelopathy and/or radiculopathy), spondylolisthesis, deformity (degenerative scoliosis or kyphosis), spinal stenosis, and failed previous fusion (pseudarthrosis). DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration
6
of the disc as confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and have had at least six (6) months of non-operative treatment. PATRIOT® Spacers are to be filled with autograft bone and/or allogenic bone graft composed of cancellous and/or corticocancellous bone. These devices are intended to be used with supplemental fixation systems that have been cleared for use in the thoracolumbosacral spine (e.g., posterior pedicle screw and rod systems, anterior plate systems, and anterior screw and rod systems). Hyperlordotic interbody devices (≥20° lordosis) must be used with at least anterior supplemental fixation. All PATRIOT® TPS coated spacers are indicated for the same use as non-coated PEEK versions.
SUSTAIN® Spacers
When used as thoracolumbar intervertebral body fusion devices. SUSTAIN® Spacers (including SUSTAIN® R, SUSTAIN®-IR, and SUSTAIN®-RT) are indicated at one or more levels of the thoracic spine (T1-T12), thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1), or lumbosacral spine (L1-S1) as an adjunct to fusion in patients with the following indications: deqenerative disc disease (DDD), disc herniation (with myelopathy and/or radiculopathy), spondylolisthesis, deformity (degenerative scoliosis or kyphosis), spinal stenosis, and failed previous fusion (pseudarthrosis). DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies. These patients should be skeletally mature and have had at least six (6) months of non-operative treatment. SUSTAIN® Spacers are to be used with autograft and/or allogenic bone graft comprised of cancellous and/or corticocancellous bone graft. These devices are intended to be used with supplemental fixation systems that have been cleared for use in the thoracolumbosacral spine (e.g., posterior pedicle screw and rod systems, anterior plate systems, and anterior screw and rod systems). All SUSTAIN® TPS coated spacers are indicated for the same use as non-coated PEEK versions.
Performance Data:
Mechanical testing was conducted with the additional implants in accordance with the "Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff, Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Intervertebral Fusion Device," June 12, 2007, ASTM F2077 (Dynamic and Static Compression and Compression-Shear) and ASTM F2267 (Subsidence), and expulsion testing was conducted to demonstrate substantial equivalence to the predicate spacers.
Clinical Literature:
Published clinical data for interbody fusion devices is provided in this submission to support the additional indications for multiple levels in the thoracolumbar spine. The clinical data demonstrates that the use of interbody fusion devices to treat patients with disc herniation, spondylolisthesis, deformity (degenerative scoliosis or kyphosis), spinal stenosis or failed previous fusion (pseudarthrosis) does not pose new risks to patients.
7
Technological Characteristics:
Subject implants have the same technological characteristics as the predicate devices including design, intended use, material composition, and range of sizes.
Basis of Substantial Equivalence:
Subject spacers have been found to be substantially equivalent to the predicate devices with respect to technical characteristics, performance, and intended use. The information provided within this premarket notification supports substantial equivalence of the subject spacers to the predicate devices.