(40 days)
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No
The description focuses on automated biochemical and turbidity measurements for identification and susceptibility testing, without mentioning AI/ML algorithms for interpretation or analysis.
No.
The device is intended for in vitro diagnostic use, specifically for rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates, not for direct treatment or diagnosis of patients.
Yes
The device is intended for the rapid identification and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates, which are diagnostic procedures to determine the characteristics of a patient's infection and guide treatment.
No
The device description explicitly lists hardware components such as the "BD Phoenix instrument" and "BD Phoenix panels," in addition to the software.
Yes, this device is an IVD (In Vitro Diagnostic).
Here's why:
- Intended Use: The "Intended Use / Indications for Use" section explicitly states that the system is intended for "in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates from pure culture of most aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria of human origin." and "in vitro quantitative determination of antimicrobial susceptibility". The term "in vitro" is a key indicator of an IVD.
- Device Description: The description details a system that analyzes biological samples (bacterial isolates from pure culture) outside of the human body using reagents and instruments to provide diagnostic information (identification and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents).
- Performance Studies: The performance studies involve testing bacterial isolates and comparing the results to reference methods, which is typical for validating an IVD.
- Key Metrics: The use of metrics like Essential Agreement (EA) and Category Agreement (CA) are standard for evaluating the performance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing IVDs.
- Predicate Devices: The listed predicate devices are also IVDs used for similar purposes (microbiology testing).
All of these points strongly indicate that the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System is an In Vitro Diagnostic device.
N/A
Intended Use / Indications for Use
The BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System is intended for the rapid identification and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates from pure culture of most aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria of human origin.
The BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System is intended for in vitro quantitative determination of antimicrobial susceptibility by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of most gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria isolates from pure culture for Enterobacteriaceae and Non-Enterobacteriaceae and most gram-positive bacteria isolates from pure culture belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus.
This premarket notification is for the antimicrobial agent quinupristin/dalfopristin at concentrations of 0.25-4 ug/mL to Gram Positive ID/AST or AST only Phoenix panels. Quinupristin/dalfopristin has been shown to be active in vitro against most strains of microorganisms listed below, as described in the FDA-approved package insert for this antimicrobial agent.
Active In Vitro and in Clinical Infections Against:
Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms
Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant and multi-drug resistant strains only) Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains only)
Active in Vitro Against:
Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms
Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant strains) Staphylococcus epidermidis (including methicillin-resistant strains)
Synercid is not active against Enterococcus faecalis. Differentiation of enterococcal species is important to avoid misidentification of Enterococcus faecalis as Enterococcus faecium.
Product codes (comma separated list FDA assigned to the subject device)
LON
Device Description
The BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System (Phoenix System) is an automated system for the rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of clinically relevant bacterial isolates. The system includes the following components:
- BD Phoenix instrument and software.
- BD Phoenix panels containing biochemicals for organism ID testing and antimicrobial agents for AST determinations.
- BD Phoenix ID Broth used for performing ID tests and preparing AST Broth inoculum.
- BD Phoenix AST Broth used for performing AST tests only.
- BD Phoenix AST Indicator solution added to the AST broth to aid in bacterial growth determination.
The Phoenix panel is a sealed and self-inoculating molded polystyrene tray with 136 micro-wells containing dried reagents. Organisms for susceptibility testing must be a pure culture and preliminarily identified as a gram-negative or gram-positive isolate. For each isolation equivalent to 0.5 McFarland standard is prepared in Phoenix ID broth.
The Phoenix AST method is a broth based microdilution test. The Phoenix system utilizes a redox indicator for the detection of organism growth in the presence of an antimicrobial agent. Measurements of changes to the indicator as well as bacterial turbidity are used in the determination of bacterial growth. Each AST panel configuration contains several antimicrobial agents with a wide range of two-fold doubling dilution concentrations.
The instrument houses the panels where they are continuously incubated at a nominal temperature of 35°C. The instrument takes readings of the panels every 20 minutes. The readings are interpreted to give an identification of the isolate, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and category interpretations, S, I, or R (sensitive, intermediate, or resistant).
Mentions image processing
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Mentions AI, DNN, or ML
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Input Imaging Modality
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Anatomical Site
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Indicated Patient Age Range
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Intended User / Care Setting
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Description of the training set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
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Description of the test set, sample size, data source, and annotation protocol
Clinical, stock and challenge isolates were tested across multiple geographically diverse sites across the United States to demonstrate the performance of the Phoenix antimicrobial susceptibility test with the Gram-Positive Phoenix Panel format containing quinupristin. Phoenix System results for Challenge set isolates were compared to the expected results. Phoenix System results for clinical isolates were compared to the results obtained from the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method.
Summary of Performance Studies (study type, sample size, AUC, MRMC, standalone performance, key results)
The BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System demonstrated substantially equivalent performance when compared with the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method. This premarket notification provides data supporting the use of the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System Gram-positive ID/AST or AST only Phoenix panels with quinupristin/dalfopristin.
The BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System has demonstrated substantially equivalent performance when compared to the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method (AST panels prepared according to NCCLS M7). The system has been evaluated as defined in the FDA Draft guidance document, "Guidance on Review Criteria for Assessment of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Devices", March 8, 2000.
Site Reproducibility:
Intra- and inter-site reproducibility of quinupristin/dalfopristin in the BD Phoenix System was evaluated at three sites using a panel of gram-positive isolates. Each site tested the isolates in triplicate on three different days using one lot of Gram Positive Phoenix panels with quinupristin/dalfopristin and associated reagents.
The results of the study demonstrate for the antimicrobial agent quinupristin/dalfopristin an overall intra-site reproducibility greater than 90% and an overall inter-site reproducibility greater than 95% for the gram-positive isolates tested.
Clinical Studies:
Clinical, stock and challenge isolates were tested across multiple geographically diverse sites across the United States to demonstrate the performance of the Phoenix antimicrobial susceptibility test with the Gram-Positive Phoenix Panel format containing quinupristin. Phoenix System results for Challenge set isolates were compared to the expected results. Phoenix System results for clinical isolates were compared to the results obtained from the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method.
The performance of the Phoenix System was assessed by calculating Essential Agreement (EA) and Category Agreement (CA) to expected/reference results for all isolates tested. Essential Agreement (EA) occurs when the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System agrees exactly or within + on two-fold dilution to the reference result. Category Agreement (CA) occurs when the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System agrees with the reference method with respect to the FDA categorical interpretive criteria (susceptible, intermediate, and resistant).
Table 1: Performance of BD Phoenix System for Gram-Positive Organisms with Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Antimicrobial Agent: Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Concentration: 0.25-4 µg/mL
EA (n): 1456
EA (%): 93.8%
CA (n): 1456
CA (%): 96.8%
The data collected from the substantial equivalence studies demonstrate that testing on the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System with quinupristin is substantially equivalent as outlined in the FDA draft guidance document, "Guidance on Review Criteria for Assessment of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Devices", March 8, 2000.
Key Metrics (Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, etc.)
Essential Agreement (EA), Category Agreement (CA)
Predicate Device(s): If the device was cleared using the 510(k) pathway, identify the Predicate Device(s) K/DEN number used to claim substantial equivalence and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text. List the primary predicate first in the list.
VITEK® System (PMA No. N50510), K020321, K020323, K020322
Reference Device(s): Identify the Reference Device(s) K/DEN number and list them here in a comma separated list exactly as they appear in the text.
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Predetermined Change Control Plan (PCCP) - All Relevant Information for the subject device only (e.g. presence / absence, what scope was granted / cleared under the PCCP, any restrictions, etc).
Not Found
§ 866.1645 Fully automated short-term incubation cycle antimicrobial susceptibility system.
(a)
Identification. A fully automated short-term incubation cycle antimicrobial susceptibility system is a device that incorporates concentrations of antimicrobial agents into a system for the purpose of determining in vitro susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical specimens. Test results obtained from short-term (less than 16 hours) incubation are used to determine the antimicrobial agent of choice to treat bacterial diseases.(b)
Classification. Class II (special controls). The special control for this device is FDA's guidance document entitled “Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) Systems; Guidance for Industry and FDA.”
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510(k) SUMMARY
| SUBMITTED BY: | Becton, Dickinson and Company
7 Loveton Circle
Sparks, MD 21152
Phone: 410-316-4778
Fax: 410-316-4499 | | |
|------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|
| CONTACT NAME: | Michelle Bytheway Bandy
Regulatory Affairs Specialist | | |
| DATE PREPARED: | June 24, 2002 | | |
| DEVICE TRADE NAME: | BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System -
Quinupristin/dalfopristin 0.25 - 4 µg/mL | | |
| DEVICE COMMON NAME: | Antimicrobial susceptibility test system-short incubation | | |
| DEVICE CLASSIFICATION: | In accordance with FDA's reclassification order issued
December 28, 2001, Docket # 97P-0313, the BD Phoenix™
Automated Microbiology System has been classified as a Class
II device, Automated Antimicrobial Susceptibility System Test
short incubation (Product Code LON). | | |
| PREDICATE DEVICES: | VITEK® System (PMA No. N50510) and BD Phoenix™
Automated Microbiology System with Gatifloxacin (K020321,
May 23, 2002), Ofloxacin (K020323, April 14, 2002), and
Levofloxacin (K020322, March 27, 2002). | | |
| INTENDED USE: | The BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System is
intended for the rapid identification and in vitro antimicrobial
susceptibility testing of isolates from pure culture of most
aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative and gram-
positive bacteria of human origin. | | |
AUG 1 2 2002
DEVICE DESCRIPTION:
The BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System (Phoenix System) is an automated system for the rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of clinically relevant bacterial isolates. The system includes the following components:
- BD Phoenix instrument and software.
- BD Phoenix panels containing biochemicals for organism ID testing and antimicrobial . agents for AST determinations.
- . BD Phoenix ID Broth used for performing ID tests and preparing AST Broth inoculum.
- BD Phoenix AST Broth used for performing AST tests only.
- BD Phoenix AST Indicator solution added to the AST broth to aid in bacterial growth ● determination.
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The Phoenix panel is a sealed and self-inoculating molded polystyrene tray with 136 micro-wells containing dried reagents. Organisms for susceptibility testing must be a pure culture and preliminarily identified as a gram-negative or gram-positive isolate. For each isolation equivalent to 0.5 McFarland standard is prepared in Phoenix ID broth.
The Phoenix AST method is a broth based microdilution test. The Phoenix system utilizes a redox indicator for the detection of organism growth in the presence of an antimicrobial agent. Measurements of changes to the indicator as well as bacterial turbidity are used in the determination of bacterial growth. Each AST panel configuration contains several antimicrobial agents with a wide range of two-fold doubling dilution concentrations.
The instrument houses the panels where they are continuously incubated at a nominal temperature of 35°C. The instrument takes readings of the panels every 20 minutes. The readings are interpreted to give an identification of the isolate, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and category interpretations, S, I, or R (sensitive, intermediate, or resistant).
DEVICE COMPARISON:
The BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System demonstrated substantially equivalent performance when compared with the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method. This premarket notification provides data supporting the use of the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System Gram-positive ID/AST or AST only Phoenix panels with quinupristin/dalfopristin.
SUMMARY OF SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE TESTING:
The BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System has demonstrated substantially equivalent performance when compared to the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method (AST panels prepared according to NCCLS M7). The system has been evaluated as defined in the FDA Draft guidance document, "Guidance on Review Criteria for Assessment of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Devices", March 8, 2000.
Site Reproducibility
Intra- and inter-site reproducibility of quinupristin/dalfopristin in the BD Phoenix System was evaluated at three sites using a panel of gram-positive isolates. Each site tested the isolates in triplicate on three different days using one lot of Gram Positive Phoenix panels with quinupristin/dalfopristin and associated reagents.
The results of the study demonstrate for the antimicrobial agent quinupristin/dalfopristin an overall intra-site reproducibility greater than 90% and an overall inter-site reproducibility greater than 95% for the gram-positive isolates tested.
Clinical Studies
Clinical, stock and challenge isolates were tested across multiple geographically diverse sites across the United States to demonstrate the performance of the Phoenix antimicrobial susceptibility test with the Gram-Positive Phoenix Panel format containing quinupristin . Phoenix System results for Challenge set isolates were compared to the expected results. Phoenix System results for clinical
2
isolates were compared to the results obtained from the NCCLS reference broth microdilution method.
The performance of the Phoenix System was assessed by calculating Essential Agreement (EA) and Category Agreement (CA) to expected/reference results for all isolates tested. Essential Agreement (EA) occurs when the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System agrees exactly or within + on two-fold dilution to the reference result. Category Agreement (CA) occurs when the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System agrees with the reference method with respect to the FDA categorical interpretive criteria (susceptible, intermediate, and resistant).
Table 1 summarizes the performance for the isolates tested in this study.
Table 1: Performance of BD Phoenix System for Gram-Positive Organisms with Quinupristin/dalfopristin
| Antimicrobial Agent | Concentration | EA (n) | EA (%) | CA (n) | CA (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quinupristin/dalfopristin | 0.25-4 µg/mL | 1456 | 93.8% | 1456 | 96.8% |
Conclusions Drawn from Substantial Equivalence Studies
The data collected from the substantial equivalence studies demonstrate that testing on the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System with quinupristin is substantially equivalent as outlined in the FDA draft guidance document, "Guidance on Review Criteria for Assessment of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Devices", March 8, 2000. Technological characteristics of this system are substantially equivalent to those used in both the VITEK® system, which received approval by the FDA under PMA number N50510 and the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System with Gatifloxacin (K020321, May 23, 2002), Ofloxacin (K020323, April 14, 2002), and Levofloxacin (K020322, March 27, 2002).
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Image /page/3/Picture/1 description: The image is a black and white logo for the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The logo features a stylized image of three human profiles facing right, stacked on top of each other, with flowing lines suggesting movement or connection. The profiles are enclosed within a circular border, with the text "DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES USA" arranged around the upper half of the circle.
Food and Drug Administration 2098 Gaither Road Rockville MD 20850
AUG 1 2 2002
Ms. Michelle Bytheway Bandy Regulatory Affairs Specialist Becton, Dickinson and Company 7 Loveton Circle Sparks. MD 21152
Re: K022172
Trade/Device Name: BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System Regulation Number: 21 CFR 866. 1645 Regulation Name: Automated Short-Term Incubation AST Regulatory Class: Class II Product Code: LON Dated: July 2, 2002 Received: July 3, 2002
Dear Ms. Bandy:
We have reviewed your Section 510(k) premarket notification of intent to market the device referenced above and have determined the device is substantially equivalent (for the indications for use stated in the enclosure) to legally marketed predicate devices marketed in interstate commerce prior to May 28, 1976, the enactment date of the Medical Device Amendments, or to devices that have been reclassified in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Act) that do not require approval of a premarket approval application (PMA), You may, therefore, market the device, subject to the general controls provisions of the Act. The general controls provisions of the Act include requirements for annual registration, listing of devices, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.
If your device is classified (see above) into either class II (Special Controls) or class III (PMA), it may be subject to such additional controls. Existing major regulations affecting your device can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 800 to 898. In addition, FDA may publish further announcements concerning your device in the Federal Register.
Please be advised that FDA's issuance of a substantial equivalence determination does not mean that FDA has made a determination that your device complies with other requirements of the Act or any Federal statutes and regulations administered by other Federal agencies. You must comply with all the Act's requirements, including, but not limited to: registration and listing (21 CFR Part 807); labeling (21 CFR Part 801); good manufacturing practice requirements as set forth in the quality systems (QS) regulation (21 CFR Part 820); and if applicable, the electronic product radiation control provisions (Sections 531-542 of the Act); 21 CFR 1000-1050.
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Page 2 -
This letter will allow you to begin marketing your device as described in your 510(k) premarket notification. The FDA finding of substantial equivalence of your device to a legally marketed predicate device results in a classification for your device and thus, permits your device to proceed to the market.
If you desire specific advice for your device on our labeling regulation (21 CFR Part 801 and i additionally 809.10 for in vitro diagnostic devices), please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4588. Additionally, for questions on the promotion and advertising of your device, please contact the Office of Compliance at (301) 594-4639. Also, please note the regulation entitled, "Misbranding by reference to premarket notification" (21CFR 807.97). Other general information on your responsibilities under the Act may be obtained from the Division of Small Manufacturers International and Consumer Assistance at its toll-free number (800) 638-2041 or (301) 443-6597 or at its internet address "http://www.fda.gov/cdrb/dsmaldsmamain.html".
Sincerely yours,
Steven Butman
Steven I. Gutman, M.D., M.B.A. Director Division of Clinical Laboratory-Devices Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Enclosure
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510(k) Number: K022172
Device Name: BD PhoenixTM Automated Microbiology System for use with the antimicrobial agent Quinupristin/dalfopristin (0.25-4 µg/mL) - Gram positive ID/AST or AST only Phoenix panels.
Indications for Use:
The BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System is intended for in vitro quantitative determination of antimicrobial susceptibility by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of most gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria isolates from pure culture for Enterobacteriaceae and Non-Enterobacteriaceae and most gram-positive bacteria isolates from pure culture belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus.
This premarket notification is for the antimicrobial agent quinupristin/dalfopristin at concentrations of 0.25-4 ug/mL to Gram Positive ID/AST or AST only Phoenix panels. Quinupristin/dalfopristin has been shown to be active in vitro against most strains of microorganisms listed below, as described in the FDA-approved package insert for this antimicrobial agent.
Active In Vitro and in Clinical Infections Against:
Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms
Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant and multi-drug resistant strains only) Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains only)
Active In Vitro Against:
Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms
Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant strains) Staphylococcus epidermidis (including methicillin-resistant strains)
Synercid is not active against Enterococcus faecalis. Differentiation of enterococcal species is important to avoid misidentification of Enterococcus faecalis as Enterococcus faecium.
(PLEASE DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE-CONTINUE ON ANOTHER PAGE IF NEEDED)
Concurrence of CDRH, Office of Device Evaluation (ODE)
Division Sign-
510(k) Number K022172
- Prescription Device
(Optional Format 3-10-98)