APTIMA HCV QUANT DX ASSAY

{0} SUMMARY OF SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS DATA (SSED) I. GENERAL INFORMATION Device Generic Name: HCV RNA quantitative test Device Trade Name: Aptima® HCV Quant Dx Assay Device Procode: MZP Applicant’s Name and Address: Hologic, Inc. 10210 Genetic Center Drive San Diego, CA 92121 Date(s) of Panel Recommendation: None Premarket Approval Application (PMA) Number: P160023 Date of FDA Notice of Approval: February 13, 2017 II. INDICATIONS FOR USE The Aptima HCV Quant Dx assay is a real-time transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) test used for both detection and quantitation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in fresh and frozen human serum and plasma from HCV-infected individuals. Plasma may be prepared in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), anticoagulant citrate dextrose (ACD) solution, and plasma preparation tubes (PPT). Serum may be prepared in serum tubes and serum separator tubes (SST). Specimens are tested using the Panther system for automated specimen processing, amplification, detection, and quantitation. Specimens containing HCV genotypes 1 to 6 are validated for detection and quantitation in the assay. The Aptima HCV Quant Dx assay is indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of active HCV infection in the following populations: individuals with antibody evidence of HCV infection with evidence of liver disease, individuals suspected to be actively infected with HCV antibody evidence, and individuals at risk for HCV infection with antibodies to HCV. Detection of HCV RNA indicates that the virus is replicating and, therefore, is evidence of active infection. Detection of HCV RNA does not discriminate between acute and chronic states of infection. The Aptima HCV Quant Dx assay is also indicated for use as an aid in the management of HCV infected patients undergoing HCV antiviral drug therapy. The assay can be used to measure HCV RNA levels periodically prior to, during, and after treatment to determine sustained virological response (SVR) or nonsustained virological response (NSVR). Assay performance characteristics have been established for individuals PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {1} infected with HCV and treated with certain direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) regimens. No information is available on the assay's predictive value when other therapies are used. The results from the Aptima HCV Quant Dx assay must be interpreted within the context of all relevant clinical and laboratory findings. The Aptima HCV Quant Dx assay is not approved for use as a screening test for the presence of HCV RNA in blood or blood products. ## III. CONTRAINDICATIONS There are no known contraindications. ## IV. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS The warnings and precautions can be found in the Aptima® HCV Quant Dx Assay labeling. ## V. DEVICE DESCRIPTION The Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay involves three main steps, which all take place in a single tube on the Panther system: target capture, target amplification by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), and detection of the amplification products (amplicon) by the fluorescent labeled probes (torches). During target capture, viral RNA is isolated from specimens. The specimen is treated with a detergent to solubilize the viral envelope, denature proteins, and release viral genomic RNA. Capture oligonucleotides hybridize to highly conserved regions of the HCV genome, if present, in the test specimen. The hybridized target is then captured onto magnetic microparticles that are separated from the specimen in a magnetic field. Wash steps remove extraneous components from the reaction tube. Target amplification occurs via TMA, which is a transcription-based nucleic acid amplification method that utilizes two enzymes, MMLV (Moloney murine leukemia virus) reverse transcriptase and T7 RNA polymerase. The reverse transcriptase is used to generate a DNA copy (containing a promoter sequence for T7 RNA polymerase) of the target sequence. T7 RNA polymerase produces multiple copies of RNA amplicons from the DNA copy template. The Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay utilizes the TMA method to amplify the 5' UTR of the HCV genome. Amplification of this region is achieved using specific primers which are designed to amplify HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Detection is achieved using single-stranded nucleic acid torches that are present during the amplification of the target and that hybridize specifically to the amplicon in real-time. Each torch has a fluorophore and a quencher. When the torch is not hybridized to the amplicon, the quencher is in close proximity of the fluorophore and suppresses the fluorescence. When the torch binds to the amplicon, the quencher is moved away from the fluorophore and it will emit a signal at a specific wavelength when excited by a light source. As more torches hybridize to amplicons, a higher fluorescent signal is generated. PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data Page 2 {2} The time taken for the fluorescent signal to reach a specified threshold is inversely proportional to the starting HCV concentration. Each reaction has an internal calibrator/internal control (IC) that controls for variations in specimen processing, amplification, and detection. The level of HCV RNA in a sample is determined by the Panther system software using the HCV and IC signals for each reaction and comparing them to calibration information. # Components of the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay Kit The Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay kit (100 tests) for the Panther system consists of 3 reagent kits: Box 1: Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay kit which contains the following reagents: - Amplification Reagent - Enzyme Reagent - Promoter Reagent - Amplification Reconstitution Reagent - Enzyme Reconstitution Reagent - Promoter Reconstitution Reagent - Target Capture Reagent Box 2: Aptima HCV Quant Dx Controls kit which contains the following reagents: - Negative Control - Low Positive Control - High Positive Control Box 3: Aptima HCV Quant Dx Calibrator kit which contains the following reagent: Positive Calibrator There is one ancillary kit required to perform the assay but available separately: Panther Run Kit for Real Time Assays which contains the following components: - Aptima Assay Fluids kit (also known as Universal Fluids Kit) which contains Aptima Wash Solution, Aptima Buffer for Deactivation Fluid, and Aptima Oil Reagent - Multi-tube units (MTUs) - Panther Waste Bag Kit - Panther Waste Bin Cover There is one optional ancillary kit which can be procured separately, the Aptima Specimen Diluent Kit. The Aptima Specimen Diluent reagent provided in this kit PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {3} is used to dilute plasma specimens that are tested with the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay on the Panther system. ## Interpretation of Results The Panther system automatically determines the concentration of HCV RNA for specimens and controls by comparing the results to a calibration curve. HCV RNA concentrations are reported in IU/mL and log10 IU/mL. The interpretation of results is provided in the table below. If a 1:3 or 1:100 dilution is used for diluted specimens, the Panther system automatically calculates the HCV concentration for the neat specimen by multiplying the diluted concentration by the dilution factor and diluted specimens are flagged as diluted. Note: For diluted specimens, results listed as "Not Detected" or "&lt; 10 Detected" may be generated by diluting a specimen with a concentration above, but close to the LoD (limit of detection) or LLoQ (lower limit of quantitation. It is recommended to collect and test another neat specimen if a quantitative result is not obtained with the diluted specimen. The Panther system does not directly provide a qualitative result (i.e., "Detected" or "Not Detected") for diagnostic use. The operator must interpret the reported HCV RNA concentration into a qualitative result as provided in Table 1. Table 1: Results Interpretation | Reported Aptima HCV Quant Dx | | HCV RNA Concentration Interpretation | Clinical Interpretation | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | IU/mL | Log10 Valueb | | | | Not Detected | Not Detected | HCV RNA not detecteda. Report results as “HCV not detected” | No Current HCV Infection Follow-up testing is recommended as per national HCV guidelines for viral load assessment, and no further testing is | | <10 Detected | <1.00 | HCV RNA is detected but at a level below the Lower Limit of Quantification (LLoQ) of the assay. Report results as “HCV | Follow-up testing is recommended as per national HCV guidelines for viral load assessment, and results must be interpreted within context of all relevant clinical and laboratory findingsd for diagnosis of HCV. | | 10 to 25 | 1.00 to 1.40 | HCV RNA concentration is within linear range of the assay ≥10 IU/mL and <25 IU/mL | Provide guidance for treatment and care based on current national HCV treatment guidelines for diagnosis of HCV and viral load assessment. | | 25 to 100,000,000 | 1.40 to 8.00 | HCV RNA concentration is within the linear range of 25 to 100,000,000 IU/mL. | Current HCV Infection Provide guidance for treatment and care based on current national HCV treatment guidelines for diagnosis and viral load assessment of HCV. | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {4} | >100,000,000 | >8.00 | HCV RNA is detected above the Upper Limit of Quantification (ULoQ). | Current HCV Infection Provide guidance for treatment and care based on current national HCV treatment guidelines for diagnosis of HCV and viral load | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Invalid^{c} | Invalid^{c} | Error indicated in generation of the result. Specimens should be retested. | N/A | a A diagnostic interpretation may not be made from a “Not Detected” result for serum or plasma specimens that have been diluted. Obtain a new undiluted specimen and retest. b Value is truncated two decimal places. c Invalid results are displayed in blue-colored font. d As per CDC HCV treatment guidelines, repeat HCV RNA testing is recommended after three months for patients recently exposed to HCV infection (within 6 months) or patients with clinical evidence of HCV infection. e Serum and plasma specimens intended for viral load assessment with value above the ULoQ may be diluted and retested to determine a quantitative result within the linear range. ## VI. ALTERNATIVE PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES There are currently several FDA approved in vitro diagnostic tests for the quantitation of HCV RNA. The patient’s medical history and thorough clinical examination, in addition to serology, PCR or nucleic acid testing (NAT), determination of liver enzyme levels, and biopsy of the liver, will provide further information on the status of an HCV infection. Each alternative has its own advantages and disadvantages. A patient should fully discuss these alternatives with his/her physician to select the method that best meets expectations and lifestyle. ## VII. MARKETING HISTORY The Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay, accessory kits, and Aptima Specimen Diluent are marketed in multiple countries. The device has not been withdrawn from marketing for any reasons related to its safety or effectiveness. The following is list of countries where the product is distributed: - Austria - Belgium - Bulgaria - Croatia - Cyprus - Czech Republic - Denmark - Estonia - Finland - France - Germany - Greece - Hungary - Ireland - Italy - Latvia - Lithuania - Luxembourg - Malta - The Netherlands - Poland - Portugal - Romania - Slovakia - Slovenia - Sweden - United Kingdom - Norway - Spain - Switzerland PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {5} PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data Page 6 # VIII. POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE DEVICE ON HEALTH When used according to the instructions in the package insert, there are no known direct potential direct adverse effects to health. Failure of the test to perform as indicated or human error during performance of the test may lead to improper diagnosis of patient HCV infection status or improper patient management. The diagnosis of HCV infection requires the evaluation of the patient’s blood for anti-HCV antibodies where a positive result is followed up with nucleic acid testing for HCV RNA. An erroneous “Not Detected” (false negative) result may lead to an HCV infected patient not being identified and not admitted into care. A false negative result is considered a public health concern because of the increased likelihood of HCV transmission from an unidentified HCV infected patient. According to current testing guidelines, HCV RNA testing is repeated within a certain timeframe for patients with symptoms indicative of an HCV infection and patients at high risk of HCV infection. For HCV infected patients undergoing direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, a false negative result is not significant because the treatment regimens are currently of fixed duration. An erroneous “HCV Detected” (false positive) result is not considered to be a public health concern because HCV RNA testing is used to confirm serology positive results. In addition, repeat HCV RNA testing and consideration of other clinical evidence of an active HCV infection is recommended prior to initiating HCV DAA therapy. # IX. SUMMARY OF NONCLINICAL STUDIES ## A. Laboratory Studies **Limit of Detection (LoD):** WHO International Standard: The LoD of the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay was determined by testing dilutions of the WHO 2nd International Standard for Hepatitis C Virus RNA (NIBSC 96/798, genotype 1a) in HCV negative human plasma and serum. A total of 10 panel members were tested over 3 days on 3 Panther systems with 3 reagent lots. Probit analysis was used to determine the LoD. The LoD for the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay using the WHO 2nd standard was 3.9 IU/mL for plasma and 3.4 IU/mL for serum. **LoD by HCV Genotype:** The LoD across genotypes was determined by testing dilutions of HCV positive clinical specimens for genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in HCV negative human plasma and serum. Each panel was tested on multiple Panther systems over multiple days with multiple reagent lots. Probit analysis was used to determine the LoD. The LoD for each genotype is shown in Table 2. {6} Table 2: HCV RNA genotype LoD in Plasma and Serum | Genotype | Plasma IU/mL | Serum IU/mL | | --- | --- | --- | | 1a | 4.0 | 5.2 | | 2 | 2.8 | 4.0 | | 3 | 4.3 | 3.4 | | 4 | 4.8 | 2.3 | | 5 | 2.1 | 3.3 | | 6 | 4.1 | 3.9 | Linear Range Genotype 1: The linear range was established by testing panels of HCV armored RNA (aRNA) for HCV genotype 1a diluted in HCV negative human plasma and serum according to CLSI EP06-A. Panels ranged in concentration from $1.0\log 10$ IU/mL to $8.2\log 10$ IU/mL. The Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay demonstrated linearity across the range tested with an upper limit of quantitation (ULoQ) of $8.0\log 10$ IU/mL as shown in Figure 1.  Figure 1: Linearity in Plasma and Serum PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {7} The conversion factor between Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay results in RNA copies/mL and the WHO $2^{\text{nd}}$ HCV International Units/mL (IU/mL) was determined using dilutions of the WHO standard in negative plasma. The conversion factor between HCV RNA copies/mL and HCV International Units/mL (IU/mL) is 4.4 copies/IU. Linearity Across HCV Genotypes: The linearity and linear range of HCV genotypes 1 (1a for Plasma and 1b for Serum) through 6 was established by testing diluted individual clinical positives, one for each HCV genotype for the lower range of the assay combined with aRNA for the higher range of the assay (above 100,000 IU/mL). Dilutions in both negative human plasma and serum were tested for all genotypes. Linearity was demonstrated for all six genotypes across the range tested as shown in Figure 2 for plasma and  Figure 3 for serum. The Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay on the Panther system demonstrated linearity across genotypes and serum and plasma with a dynamic range of $1.0\log \mathrm{IU / mL}$ to $8.0\log \mathrm{IU / mL}$ . Figure 2: Linearity Across HCV Genotypes (Plasma) PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {8}  Figure 3: Linearity Across HCV Genotypes (Serum) Table 3: Linear Fit Equations Across Genotypes (Plasma and Serum) | Genotype | Plasma | | Serum | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | Linear Equation | Maximum Non-linearity (log IU/mL) | Linear Equation | Maximum Non-linearity (log IU/mL) | | 1 | y=1.05x - 0.04 | 0.06 | y=1.05x + 0 | -0.12 | | 2 | y=0.99x + 0.17 | 0.07 | y=1.06x = 0.12 | -0.13 | | 3 | y=1.02x - 0.02 | 0.03 | y=1.02x + 0.05 | 0.05 | | 4 | y=1.04x - 0.07 | 0.16 | y=0.99x + 0.09 | 0.15 | | 5 | y=1.01x - 0.04 | 0.15 | y=1.00x + 0.04 | 0.26 | | 6 | y=1.03x - 0.02 | 0.08 | y=1.05x - 0.11 | -0.08 | Lower Limit of Quantitation (LLoQ) Using WHO $2^{\text{nd}}$ International Standard: The LLoQ is defined as the lowest concentration at which HCV RNA is reliably quantitated within a total error, according to CLSI EP17-A2. Total error was estimated by two methods: Total Analytical Error (TAE) = |bias| + 2SD, and Total Error (TE) = SQRT(2) x 2SD. To ensure accuracy and precision of measurements, PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {9} the total error of the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay was set at $1\log_{10}\mathrm{IU / mL}$ (i.e., at the LLoQ, the difference between two measurements of more than $1\log_{10}$ IU/mL is statistically significant). The LLoQ was determined by testing panels of the WHO $2^{\text{nd}}$ International Standard for Hepatitis C Virus RNA (NIBSC 96/798, genotype 1a) diluted in HCV negative human plasma and serum. A total of 36 replicates of each dilution were tested with each of three reagent lots for a minimum of 108 replicates per dilution. The results from the reagent lot with the highest concentration equal to or greater than the LoD and meeting the TE and TAE requirements was chosen as the LLoQ. The LLoQ for the WHO $2^{\text{nd}}$ International Standard is 7 IU/mL (0.82 log $_{10}$ IU/mL) for plasma and 8 IU/mL (0.93 log $_{10}$ IU/mL) for serum. The LLoQ was established across genotypes (see next section "Determination of the Lower Limit of Quantitation (LLoQ) Across HCV Genotypes"). These genotype data establishes the overall LLoQ for the assay as 10 IU/mL. Determination of LLoQ Across HCV Genotypes: The LLoQ across genotypes was determined by testing dilutions of HCV positive clinical specimens for genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in HCV negative human plasma and serum. Assignment of the concentration for clinical specimens was determined using an FDA approved assay. A total of 36 replicates of each panel member was tested with each of three reagent lots for a minimum of 108 replicates per panel member. The results from the reagent lot with the highest concentration equal to or greater than the LoD and meeting the TE and TAE, calculated according to CLSI EP 17-A2, requirements was chosen as the LLoQ. The LLoQ for genotypes 1 to 6 in plasma and serum are summarized in Table 4. Genotype 6 had the highest LLoQ for serum at $10\mathrm{IU / mL}$ . This established the overall LLoQ for the assay as $10\mathrm{IU / mL}$ . The LLoQ for the WHO $2^{\mathrm{nd}}$ Standard and for each genotype was also evaluated in the linearity studies described in previous sections. Table 4: Summary of LLoQ Across Genotypes (Plasma and Serum) | | Plasma | | Serum | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | GT | IU/mL | Log10 IU/mL | IU/mL | Log10 IU/mL | | 1 | 8 | 0.88 | 8 | 0.88 | | 2 | 6 | 0.76 | 6 | 0.80 | | 3 | 6 | 0.80 | 5 | 0.67 | | 4 | 7 | 0.82 | 4 | 0.65 | | 5 | 7 | 0.87 | 5 | 0.72 | | 6 | 6 | 0.79 | 10 | 0.99 | Traceability to the WHO $2^{\text{nd}}$ International Standard:A series of secondary standards with known concentrations were used throughout product development and product manufacturing to establish traceability to the WHO $2^{\text{nd}}$ International Standard for HCV RNA. The concentrations tested for the WHO Standard were between 4.00 and $2.30 \log_{10} \mathrm{IU} / \mathrm{mL}$ , the secondary standards ranged in concentration from 1.50 to PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {10} 8.46 log $_{10}$ IU/. The Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay controls and calibrators were also tested along with the secondary standards and the WHO Standard. All of the panels had similar results, and they were distributed linearly across the assay's linear range, as presented in Figure 4.  Figure 4: Traceability Between WHO $2^{\text{nd}}$ International Standard Target Concentrations and Observed Concentration From the Aptima Quant Dx Assay Precision-Within Laboratory: The Aptima HCV Quant Dx precision panel was built by diluting HCV-positive clinical plasma and HCV genotype 1a armored RNA (aRNA) into HCV-negative clinical plasma (the two highest panel members were aRNA). Eight positive panel members spanned the range of the assay $(1.20\log_{10}\mathrm{IU / mL}$ to $7.68\log_{10}\mathrm{IU / mL})$ , and were tested in three replicates per run by one operator, using one pilot lot of reagents on one Panther system over 21 test days and two runs a day. Table 5 presents the precision of assay results (in $\log_{10}\mathrm{IU / mL})$ between instruments, between runs, within runs, and overall. Total variability was $\leq$ PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {11} 0.14 across all panel members, primarily due to intra-run variability and is shown in Table 5. Table 5: Precision (Plasma) | | | Between Day | | Between Run | | Within Run | | Total | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | N | Mean Concentration (Log IU/mL) | SD | CV (%) | SD | CV (%) | SD | CV (%) | SD | CV (%) | | 126 | 1.86 | 0.02 | 4.92 | 0.06 | 14.45 | 0.12 | 27.95 | 0.14 | 32.14 | | 126 | 2.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 15.72 | 0.07 | 15.90 | 0.10 | 22.49 | | 126 | 2.79 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 12.79 | 0.08 | 17.89 | 0.10 | 22.11 | | 126 | 3.29 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 15.89 | 0.05 | 10.35 | 0.08 | 19.04 | | 126 | 3.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 14.27 | 0.07 | 17.11 | 0.10 | 22.41 | | 126 | 5.79 | 0.03 | 7.93 | 0.04 | 8.74 | 0.06 | 13.29 | 0.08 | 17.86 | | 125a | 7.68 | 0.05 | 10.93 | 0.05 | 11.15 | 0.06 | 13.00 | 0.09 | 20.45 | aNumber of valid results within linear range of the assay Note: Variability from some factors may be numerically negative, which can occur if the variability, due to those factors, is very small. When this occurs, SD and CV are shown as 0 Performance with HCV Negative Specimens: The performance of the Aptima HCV Quant Dx was determined by analyzing 198 fresh and 538 frozen HCV negative clinical specimens. A total of 370 plasma and 366 serum specimens were confirmed to be HCV negative using FDA approved assays. Specificity was calculated as the percentage of HCV negative samples with results of "Not Detected." HCV RNA was not detected in any of the 736 samples. Specificity was $100\%$ (736/736, $95\%$ CI: 99.6-100%) Analytical Specificity - Interfering Substances: The susceptibility of the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay to interference by elevated levels of endogenous substances or by drugs commonly prescribed to HCV infected individuals was evaluated. HCV negative plasma samples and samples spiked with HCV to a concentration of approximately $15\mathrm{IU / mL}$ (1.2 log10 IU/mL) or 1995 IU/mL (3.3 log10 IU/mL) of HCV RNA were tested. No interference in the performance of the assay was observed in the presence of albumin (90 mg/mL), hemoglobin (5 mg/mL), triglycerides (30 mg/mL), or unconjugated bilirubin (0.2 mg/mL). PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {12} No interference in the performance of the assay was observed in the presence of the exogenous substances listed in Table 6. Table 6: Drug Compounds Tested for Interference | Exogenous Substance Pool | Exogenous Substances Tested | | --- | --- | | 1 | Telaprevir, Clarithromycin, Interferon alpha -2a, Dolutegravir, Azithromycin | | 2 | Simeprevir, Sofosbuvir | | 3 | Efavirenz, Boceprevir, PegInterferon alpha -2b, Emtricitabine, Raltegravir, Amoxicillin | | 4 | Abacavir sulfate, Ribavirin, Dasabuvir, Rilpivirine, Rifampin/Rifampicin | | 5 | Lopinavir, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Valganciclovir | | 6 | Heparin, EDTA, Sodium citrate | HCV negative clinical plasma specimens from patients with elevated levels of defined substances or from patients with the indicated disease (10 samples for each substance) listed in Table 7 were tested. No interference in the performance of the assay was observed. Table 7: Clinical Specimens Tested for Interference | Rheumatoid factor (RF) | Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | | --- | --- | | Antinuclear antibody (ANA) | Alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) | | Anti-Jo-1 antibody (JO-1) | Multiple myeloma (MM) | | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Lipemic (elevated lipid) | | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | Icteric (elevated bilirubin) | | Multiple sclerosis (MS) | Hemolyzed (elevated hemoglobin) | | Hyperglobulinemia | Elevated protein albumin | | Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | | Analytical Specificity - Cross Reactivity: Potential cross-reactivity to high levels of the pathogens shown in Table 8 was evaluated in the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay in the presence or absence of HCV RNA in HCV negative plasma. The quantitation of HCV RNA in the presence of non-specific pathogen was evaluated by spiking HCV negative plasma with HCV genotype 1a virus at concentrations of $15\mathrm{IU / mL}$ (1.2 log10 IU/mL) or 1995 IU/mL (3.3 log10 IU/mL) IU/mL, respectively. The presence of these pathogens does not affect the analytical specificity and sensitivity of the assay. PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {13} Table 8: Microorganisms Tested for Cross-Reactivity | Pathogen | Concentration | Pathogen | Concentration | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Hepatitis A virus | 100,000 copies/mL | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1,000,000 CFU/mL | | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) | 100,000 IU/mL | Streptococcus pneumoniae | 1,000,000 CFU/mL | | Hepatitis G virus | 1,470 genome/mL | Staphylococcus aureus | 1,000,000 CFU/mL | | HIV-1 | 100,000 copies/mL | Propionibacterium acnes | 1,000,000 CFU/mL | | HIV-2 | 100,000 PFU/mL | Staphylococcus epidermis | 1,000,000 CFU/mL | | Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) | 100,000 PFU/mL | Candida albicans | 1,000,000 CFU/mL | | Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) | 100,000 PFU/mL | Neisseria gonorrhoea | 1,000,000 CFU/mL | | Human herpes virus 6B | 100,000 copies/mL | Chlamydia trachomatis | 1,000,000 IFU/mL | | Human herpes virus 8 | 2,667 TCID50 U/mL | Trichomonas vaginalis | 1,000,000 cells/mL | | Human T-cell lymphotropic virus – type 1 (HTLV-1) | 100,000 vp/mL | | | | Human T-cell lymphotropic virus – type 2 (HTLV-2) | 100,000 vp/mL | | | | Parvovirus B19 | 100,000 IU/mL | | | | West Nile virus | 100,000 PFU/mL | | | | Dengue virus 1 | 100,000 PFU/mL | | | | Dengue virus 2 | 100,000 PFU/mL | | | | Dengue virus 3 | 100,000 PFU/mL | | | | Dengue virus 4 | 100,000 PFU/mL | | | | Cytomegalovirus | 100,000 PFU/mL | | | | Epstein-Barr virus | 100,000 copies/mL | | | | Rubella virus | 100,000 PFU/mL | | | | Human papillomavirus | 100,000 cells/mL | | | | Adenovirus type 5 | 100,000 TCID50 U/mL | | | | Influenza A virus | 100,000 TCID50 U/mL | | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | NA | | | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {14} | St. Louis encephalitis virus | NA | | --- | --- | | Murray Valley encephalitis virus | 2643 LD50/mL | | Yellow fever virus | 1,000,000 cells/mL | IU/mL=International units per mL PFU/mL=Plaque forming units per mL TCID50 U/mL= Tissue culture infective dose units per mL vp/mL=Viral particles per mL LD50/mL=Lethal dose per mL CFU/mL=Colony forming units per mL IFU/mL=Inclusion forming units per mL Clinical Specimens Containing Viruses Other than HCV: The pathogens listed in Table 9 were evaluated by obtaining individual naturally infected clinical specimens with high levels of the indicated microorganism. These specimens were tested in the presence or absence of HCV genotype 1a virus at approximately $15\mathrm{IU / mL}$ (1.2 log10 IU/mL) or 1995 IU/ml (3.3 log10 IU/mL). No cross-reactivity was observed. No interference was observed. Table 9: Clinical Samples Tested for Cross-Reactivity | Microorganism | Matrix | N (donors) | | --- | --- | --- | | HBV | serum | 5 | | HBV | plasma | 5 | | Dengue virus | plasma | 10 | | Hepatitis A virus | plasma | 10 | | HTLV-1 | plasma | 10 | | HTLV-2 | plasma | 10 | | HIV-1 | plasma | 10 | | West Nile virus | plasma | 10 | Matrix Equivalency: To demonstrate equivalent performance between serum and plasma collection tube types, matched sets of HCV- negative and positive samples were obtained in 6 different types of primary collection tubes; plasma preparation tubes (PPT), K2 EDTA, K3 EDTA, ACD, serum tubes, and serum separation tubes (SST) and tested using the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay. A total of 176 sets of matched blood collection tubes were tested of which 68 were naturally infected HCV-positive, 108 were HCV negative sets, and 26 of the 68 positives were further diluted with 13 negative samples of matched blood collection tubes to concentrations across the assay's dynamic range. $100\%$ positive and negative agreement was demonstrated between serum (serum and SST) and plasma collection tubes (K2 EDTA, K3 EDTA, ACD and PPT). Deming regression analysis between serum and each of the collection tubes (SST, K2 EDTA, K3 EDTA, ACD and PPT) demonstrated that the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay has equivalent performance in reporting quantitative results with the 6 different collection tube types as shown in Table 10. Table 10: Matrix Equivalency | | | 95 % CI of Slope | | 95% CI of Intercept | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Blood | Deming | Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | R² | Mean | | Hepatitis A | Serum | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 | 0.999 | | Hepatitis B | Serum | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 | 0.999 | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {15} | Collection Tube | Regression | Limit | Limit | Limit | Limit | | Difference (log10) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | SST | y=1.00x - 0.01 | 0.99 | 1.01 | -0.05 | 0.07 | 0.998 | 0 | | K2EDTA | y=1.01x - 0.03 | 0.99 | 1.02 | -0.12 | -0.07 | 0.995 | 0 | | K3EDTA | y=1.00x - 0.01 | 0.99 | 1.01 | -.10 | 0.07 | 0.996 | -0.02 | | ACD | y=1.00x - 0.14 | 0.99 | 1.01 | -0.20 | -0.08 | 0.997 | -0.13 | | PPT | y=1.00x - 0.01 | 0.98 | 1.01 | -0.10 | 0.08 | 0.996 | -0.01 | Sample Dilution Using Aptima Specimen Diluent (1:3): To assess the recovery of HCV RNA in specimens diluted with Aptima Specimen Diluent, specimens containing $1.67\log_{10}\mathrm{IU / mL}$ to $6.34\log_{10}\mathrm{IU / mL}$ of HCV RNA were diluted 1:3 with Aptima Specimen Diluent $(240\mu \mathrm{L}$ of specimen combined with $480\mu \mathrm{L}$ of Aptima Specimen Diluent). Each specimen was tested neat and diluted (1:3) in triplicate. Testing was performed using one lot of assay reagents on one Panther system with two Aptima Specimen Diluent lots. The difference between the neat and diluted test results was calculated for each sample set as shown in Table 11 for plasma and Table 12 for serum. Table 11: Plasma Specimen 1:3 Dilution Matrix Comparison Summary $\left( {\log }_{10}\mathrm{{IU}}/\mathrm{{mL}}\right)$ | Plasma Matrix Average Reported | Diluent Average Reported | Diluent - Plasma Matrix | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.74a | 1.57b | -0.18 | | 4.56 | 4.36 | -0.20 | | 5.62 | 5.46 | -0.17 | | 3.69 | 3.56 | -0.13 | | 2.65 | 2.60 | -0.05 | | 4.18 | 4.09 | -0.09 | | 3.25 | 3.28 | 0.03 | | 4.12 | 4.06 | -0.07 | | 3.54 | 3.48 | -0.06 | | 6.20 | 5.91 | -0.30 | ${}^{a}$ Result from two replicates. One result "Detected" but not quantified Result from four replicates. Two results "Detected" but not quantified. Table 12: Serum Specimen 1:3 Dilution Matrix Comparison Summary $\left( {\log }_{10}\mathrm{{IU}}/\mathrm{{mL}}\right)$ | Serum Matrix Average Reported | Diluent Average Reported | Diluent - Serum Matrix | | --- | --- | --- | | 1.5a | 1.80 | 0.30 | | 5.32 | 5.14 | -0.18 | | 3.65 | 3.59 | -0.06 | | 4.91 | 4.71 | -0.20 | | 3.66 | 3.72 | 0.06 | | 3.81 | 3.74 | -0.07 | | 2.42 | 2.60 | 0.18 | | 2.65 | 2.88 | 0.23 | | 4.90 | 4.70 | -0.21 | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {16} | 6.17 | 6.00 | -0.17 | | --- | --- | --- | aResult from two replicates. One result "Detected" but not quantified Sample Dilution Using Aptima Specimen Diluent (1:100): To assess the recovery of HCV RNA in samples diluted with Aptima Specimen Diluent, five naturally infected plasma specimens and five naturally infected serum specimens, along with ten specimens each of HCV negative plasma and serum spiked with HCV aRNA targeting above the ULoQ, $8\log_{10}\mathrm{IU / mL}$ at $8.30\log_{10}\mathrm{IU / mL}$ were tested in triplicate. A 1:100 dilution was performed with one part sample and 99 parts Aptima Specimen Diluent just prior to testing. Testing was performed using one lot of assay reagents on one Panther system with two Aptima Specimen Diluent lots. The difference between the neat and diluted test results was calculated for each sample set as shown in Table 13 for plasma and Table 14 for serum. Table 13: Plasma Specimen 1:100 Dilution Matrix Comparison (log10 IU/mL) | Plasma Matrix Average Reported | Diluent Average Reported | Diluent – Plasma Matrix | | --- | --- | --- | | 8.03a | 7.95 | -0.08 | | 8.07a | 7.93 | -0.15 | | 8.14a | 7.97 | -0.17 | | 8.16a | 7.94 | -0.22 | | 8.09a | 7.96 | -0.13 | | 8.38a | 7.96 | -0.42 | | 7.98a | 7.89 | -0.09 | | 8.08a | 7.89 | -0.19 | | 8.14a | 7.92 | -0.22 | | 8.08a | 7.97 | -0.11 | | 6.41 | 6.22 | -0.19 | | 6.73 | 6.58 | -0.15 | | 6.88 | 6.75 | -0.14 | | 6.54 | 6.51 | -0.03 | | 6.55 | 6.29 | -0.27 | Spiked specimen Table 14: Serum Specimen 1:100 Dilution Matrix Comparison (log10 IU/mL) | Serum Matrix minus Average Reported n=3 | Diluent minus Average Reported n=6 | Diluent - Serum Matrix | | --- | --- | --- | | 8.04a | 7.94 | -0.09 | | 8.07a | 7.91 | -0.16 | | 7.99a | 7.91 | -0.08 | | 8.03a | 7.92 | -0.11 | | 7.99a | 7.89 | -0.09 | | 8.05a | 7.85 | -0.20 | | 8.16a | 7.93 | -0.23 | | 8.16a | 7.90 | -0.26 | | 8.06a | 7.89 | -0.17 | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {17} | 8.26a | 7.92 | -0.34 | | --- | --- | --- | | 7.34 | 7.09 | -0.25 | | 7.07 | 6.83 | -0.24 | | 7.18 | 6.80 | -0.38 | | 7.35b | 7.12 | -0.23 | | 7.07 | 6.68 | -0.39 | $^{\mathrm{a}}$ Spiked specimen # Confirmation of LLoQ in Clinical Specimens Diluted in Specimen Diluent: The LLoQ of the Aptima HCV Quant Assay was confirmed with HCV genotype 1 (genotype 1a for plasma and genotype 1b for serum) clinical specimens diluted into Aptima Specimen Diluent. Specimens were prepared in HCV negative human plasma and serum at 21, 30, and $45\mathrm{IU / mL}$ . Each panel was diluted 1:3 into Aptima Specimen Diluent just prior to testing to give final concentrations of approximately 7, 10, and 15 $\mathrm{IU / mL}$ . A total of 36 replicates of each panel member was tested with one reagent lot across three days. According to CLSI EP17-A2, total error was estimated by two methods: Total Analytical Error (TAE) = |bias| + 2SD, and Total Error (TE) = SQRT(2) x 2SD. An LLoQ $\leq 10$ IU/mL for HCV plasma and serum diluted into Aptima Specimen Diluent was confirmed as shown in Table 15. Table 15: Confirmation of LLoQ - Clinical Samples in Aptima Specimen Diluent | Matrix | Target Concentration | | % Detected | Measured Concentration | SD | Bias | Calculated TE | Calculated TAE | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | IU/mL | Log10 IU/mL | | Log10 IU/mL | | | | | | Plasma | 7 | 0.85 | 100% | 0.94 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.71 | 0.60 | | Serum | 7 | 0.85 | 100% | 0.96 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.60 | 0.54 | # Precision of Diluted Samples The Aptima HCV Quant Dx precision panel was built by diluting HCV-positive clinical plasma and HCV aRNA into HCV-negative clinical plasma. These were further diluted in Aptima Specimen Diluent. Positive panels were diluted into Aptima Specimen Diluent. These were tested in three replicates per run by one operator, using one pilot lot of reagents on one Panther system over 21 test days, two runs a day. Table 16 shows the precision of assay results (in $\log_{10}\mathrm{IU / mL}$ ) between instruments, between operators, between lots, between runs, within runs, and overall. Total variability was $\leq 0.15$ across all panel members, primarily due to intra-run variability. Table 16: Precision of Panels Diluted in Aptima Specimen Diluent | | | Mean Concentration | Standard Deviation | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Dilution | N | Log10 IU/mL | Inter-day | Inter-Run | Intra-Run | Total | | 1:3 | 126 | 2.24 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.14 | | 1:00 | 126 | 3.86 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.15 | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {18} | 1:00 | 126 | 7.31 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.12 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Note: Variability from some factors may be numerically negative, which can occur if the variability, due to those factors, is very small. When this occurs, SD and CV are shown as 0. Carryover: The rate of false positive results was determined when samples containing high titer levels of HCV RNA were interspersed throughout specimen processing racks containing HCV negative samples. Carryover contamination risk in the presence of high titer specimens on the Panther System in this study was $&lt; 1\%$ (1/704, or $0.14\%$ ), demonstrating that the Panther system minimizes the risk of false positive results arising from carryover contamination when tested with the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay. Specimen Stability: Specimen stability studies demonstrated that, for the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay, specimens should be stored as follows: Whole blood can be stored at $2^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ to $30^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ and must be centrifuged within 6 hours of specimen collection. Plasma or serum may then be stored under one of the following conditions: - In the primary collection tube or specimen aliquot tube (SAT) at $2^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ to $25^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ for up to 24 hours. - In the primary collection tube or SAT at $2^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ to $8^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ for up to 5 days, or - In the SAT at $-20^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ for up to 60 days. Real-Time Reagent (including Controls) Stability: Expiration dating for the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay has been established and approved at 15 months when stored at $2-8^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ . Antimicrobial Effectiveness (AET): Testing was performed and approved for the Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx Assay. The Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay uses similar base formulations with minor differences in concentrations. Because the formulations are so similar and the preservatives used are identical, the AET established for the Aptima HIV-1 Quant assay verifies the preservative effectiveness for the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay. Results of the study were compared to the requirements of USP51. All reagents met the USP requirements for AET. # X. SUMMARY OF PRIMARY CLINICAL STUDY(IES) Clinical studies included the evaluation of - the ability of the assay to predict clinical outcome in patients undergoing treatment (Section A, below) and - the ability of the assay to correctly diagnose anti-HCV positive subjects with active HCV infection (Section B, below) # A. Clinical Performance (Prediction of Clinical Outcome) # Study Design and Demographics PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {19} The study was designed to demonstrate clinical utility by estimating the performance characteristics for achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) at established clinically relevant time points during 8-, 12-, or 24-week antiviral treatment. The study enrolled 352 subjects from 35 U.S. clinical sites. Of the total enrolled subjects, 274 subjects had a conclusive SVR status and were evaluable for analysis, 56 subjects had non-conclusive SVR status and were not evaluable for analysis, 22 subjects had conclusive SVR status, but were not evaluable due to either missing pre-treatment/baseline result, all on-treatment results were $&lt; \mathrm{LLoQ}$ or not detected, or genotypes were not established with an FDA approved assay. Table 17 shows the demographics for the 274 evaluable subjects. The highest baseline viral load was $7.58\log 10\mathrm{IU / mL}$ , as determined by the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay. All evaluable subjects completed therapy, with no on-treatment failures (e.g., nonresponse). A total of 2449 samples collected at different time points from each subject were tested at three U.S. testing sites. Table 17: Demographics and Clinical Characteristics for the 274 Evaluable Subjects | Characteristics | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Total | N | 274 | | Sex | Female, n (%) | 112 (40.9) | | | Male, n (%) | 162 (59.1) | | Age (years) | n | 274 | | | Mean | 55.1 | | | Median | 56.0 | | | SD | 10.40 | | | Minimum | 23 | | | Maximum | 83 | | | 21-49, n (%) | 61 (22.3) | | | 50-70, n (%) | 203 (74.1) | | | >70, n (%) | 10 (3.6) | | Ethnicity | n | 274 | | | Hispanic or Latino, n (%) | 65 (23.7) | | | Not Hispanic or Latino, n (%) | 202 (73.7) | | | Unknown, n (%) | 6 (2.2) | | | Refused, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | | Racea | n | 274 | | | White, n (%) | 223 (81.4) | | | Black or African American, n (%) | 43 (15.7) | | | Asian, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | | | American Indian/Alaska Native, n | 3 (1.1) | | | Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, | 0 (0.0) | | | Other, n (%) | 3 (1.1) | | | Unknown, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | | | Refused, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {20} Specimens were prospectively collected from subjects chronically infected with genotype 1, 2, or 3 HCV who were initiating therapy with 8-, 12-, or 24-week sofosbuvir-based treatments using FDA-approved drugs prescribed in accordance with FDA-approved labeling and/or AASLD/IDSA HCV treatment guidelines. HCV treatment-naive or treatment-experienced subjects, and subjects without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis were eligible, as applicable for each treatment regimen. Determination of HCV RNA viral load was performed at baseline, week 1, week 2, week 4, week 8, week 12, and week 24 using the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay. End of treatment (EOT) and post-treatment week 4 and week 12 follow-up results were determined using the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay and two FDA-approved quantitative HCV RNA assays. SVR was defined as an HCV RNA level <lloq as="" determined="" drug="" from="" level="" regimen="" results="" the="" to="" was="" week=""> Table 18: Final Drug Regimen Assignments by Genotype | | HCV Genotype n (%) | | | --- | --- | --- | | Regimen | 1 | 2 | | SOF+PEG-IFN+Ribavirin 12 weeks | 25 (15.8) | | | SOF+SIM+RBV 12 weeks | 63 (39.9) | | | SOF+SIM+RBV 24 weeks | 4 (2.5) | | | SOF+RBV 12 weeks | | 66 (100) | | SOF+RBV 24 weeks | 6 (3.8) | | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data</lloq> {21} PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data Page 22 | LED+SOF 8 weeks | 14 (8.9) | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | LED+SOF 12 weeks | 39 (24.7) | | | | LED+SOF 24 weeks | 7 (4.4) | | | | Total eligible subjects | 158 | 66 | 50 | SOF=sofosbuvir PEG-IFN=pefinterferon RBV=ribavirin SIM=simeprevir LED=ledipasvir ## Response to Antiviral Therapy Assay performance characteristics have been established for individuals treated with certain DAA regimens. No information is available on the assay’s predictive value when other DAA combination therapies are used. ## Definitions: Week 1 viral load (VL) = HCV RNA &lt; LLoQ = 10 IU/mL at Week 1 of antiviral therapy Week 2 VL = HCV RNA &lt; LLoQ = 10 IU/mL at week 2 of antiviral therapy Week 4 VL = HCV RNA &lt; LLoQ = 10 IU/mL at week 4 of antiviral therapy Week 8 VL = HCV RNA &lt; LLoQ = 10 IU/mL at week 8 of antiviral therapy Week 8 VL [End of Treatment (EOT)]: HCV RNA &lt; LLoQ = 10 IU/mL at Week 8 of antiviral therapy Week 12 VL = HCV RNA &lt; LLoQ = 10 IU/mL at week 12 of antiviral therapy Week 12 VL [EOT]: HCV RNA &lt; LLoQ = 10 IU/mL at Week 12 of antiviral therapy Week 24 VL (EOT): HCV RNA &lt; LLoQ = 10 IU/mL at Week 24 of antiviral therapy Sustained Virologic Response (SVR)12: HCV RNA &lt; LLoQ = 10 IU/mL at Week 12 after completion of antiviral therapy, measured with an independent HCV RNA test. Table 19 and Table 20 show the frequency of SVR and SVR non-response, respectively, by genotype and drug regimen overall and for cirrhotic, non-cirrhotic, treatment-naïve, and treatment experienced subjects. Most subjects achieved SVR across genotypes. Across genotypes, SVR rates generally were higher in non-cirrhotic subjects than in cirrhotic subjects, and similar between treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced subjects. Table 19: Frequency of SVR Response by Genotype and Drug Regimen | SVR Response Subjects n (%) | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | GT | Regimen | Overall | Cirrhotic | Non-cirrhotic | Treatment-naïve | Treatment-experienced | | 1 | LED+SOF 8 weeks | 13/14 (92.9) | - | 13/14 (92.9) | 13/14 (92.9) | - | | | LED+SOF 12 weeks | 39/39 (100) | 9/9 (100) | 30/30 (100) | 34/34 (100) | 5/5 (100) | | | LED+SOF 24 weeks | 6/7 | 6/7 | - | - | 6/7 | {22} Table 20: Frequency of SVR Non-Response by Genotype and Drug Regimen | SVR Non-Responsive Subjects n (%) | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | GT | Regimen | Overall | Cirrhotic | Non-cirrhotic | Treatment-naïve | Treatment-experienced | | 1 | LED+SOF 8 weeks | 1/14 (7.1) | - | 1/14 (7.1) | 1/14 (7.1) | - | | | LED+SOF 12 weeks | 0/39 (0) | 0/9 (0) | 0/30 (0) | 0/34 (0) | 0/5 (0) | | | LED+SOF 24 weeks | 1/7 (14.3) | 1/7 (14.3) | - | - | 1/7 (14.3) | | | SOF+PEG-IFN+RBV 12 weeks | 1/25 (4.0) | 0/7 (0) | 1/18 (5.6) | 1/23 (4.3) | 0/2 (0) | | | SOF+RBV 24 weeks | 0/6 (0) | 0/1 (0) | 0/5 (0) | 0/5 (0) | 0/1 (0) | | | SOF+SIM±RBV 12 weeks | 9/63 (14.3) | 8/29 (27.6) | 1/34 (2.9) | 9/54 (16.7) | 0/9 (0) | | 2 | SOF+RBV 12 weeks | 8/66 (12.1) | 6/22 (27.3) | 2/44 (4.5) | 7/60 (11.7) | 1/6 (16.7) | | | SOF+PEG-IFN+RBV 12 weeks | 0/3 (0) | 0/3 (0) | - | 0/1 (0) | 0/2 (0) | | 3 | SOF+RBV 24 weeks | 6/47 (12.8) | 4/16 (25.0) | 2/31 (6.5) | 4/39 (10.3) | 2/8 (25.0) | | | SOF+SOF±RBV 24 weeks | 0/4 (0) | 0/4 (0) | - | 0/2 (0) | 0/2 (0) | SOF=sofosbuvir PEG-IFN=pefinterferon RBV=ribavirin SIM=simeprevir LED=ledipasvir GT=genotype Table 21 shows the percent of subjects with virologic response (VR defined as Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay results &lt; LLoQ) by on-treatment and post-treatment PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {23} week visits for each genotype by drug regimen assignment. Most subjects achieved a VR by week 4 across the genotypes, and all subjects achieved VR by week 8. Table 21: Probability of Achieving SVR Across On-Treatment and Post-Treatment Weeks | GT | Regimen | N | SVR Response % (n) | SVR Non Response % (n) | Percent of Subjects With Virologic Response By Visita % (n) | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | EOT | PT04 | | 1 | LDV + SOF (8 weeks) | 14 | 92.9 (13/14) | 7.1 (1/14) | 42.9 (6/14) | 76.9 (10/13) | 100 (14/14) | N/A | N/A | 100 (14/14) | 90 (9/10) | | | LDV+SOF (12 weeks) | 39 | 100 (39/39) | 0 (0/39) | 11.1 (4/36) | 52.6% (20/38) | 92.1 (35/38) | 100 (36/36) | N/A | 100 (39/39) | 100 (33/33) | | | LDV + SOF (24 weeks) | 7 | 85.7 (6/7) | 14.3 (1/7) | 0 (0/6) | 42.9 (3/7) | 76.4 (5/7) | 100 (7/7) | 100 (7/7) | 100 (6/6) | 80 (4/5) | | | SOF+PEG+RBV (12 weeks) | 25 | 96 (24/25) | 4 (1/25) | 40 (10/25) | 80 (20/25) | 100 (25/25) | 100 (25/25) | N/A | 100 (25/25) | 100 (25/25) | | | SOF+RBV (24 weeks) | 6 | 100 (6/6) | 0 (0/0) | 16.7 (1/6) | 66.7 (4/6) | 83.3 (5/6) | 100 (5/5) | 100 (6/6) | 100 (5/5) | 100 (6/6) | | | SOF+SIM±RBV (12 weeks) | 63 | 85.7 (54/63) | 14.3 (9/63) | 20.7 (12/58) | 67.9 (38/56) | 98.4 (62/63) | 100 (57/57) | N/A | 96.6 (57/59) | 90.0 (54/60) | | | SOF+SIM±RBV (24 weeks) | 4 | 100 (4/4) | 0 (0/0) | 66.7 (2/3) | 66.7 (2/3) | 100 (4/4) | 100 (3/3) | 100 (3/3) | 100 (4/4) | 100 (4/4) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | SOF+RBV (12 weeks) | 66 | 87.9 (58/66) | 12.1 (8/66) | 22.2 (12/54) | 69.4 (43/62) | 95.4 (62/65) | 100 (64/64) | N/A | 98.5 (64/65) | 93.5 (58/62) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | SOF+PEG+RBV (12 weeks) | 3 | 100 (3/3) | 0 (0/0) | 33.3 (1/3) | 100 (2/2) | 100 (3/3) | 100 (2/2) | N/A | 100 (3/3) | 100 (3/3) | | | SOF+RBV (24 weeks) | 47 | 87.2 (41/47) | 12.8 (6/47) | 20.9 (9/43) | 70.5 (31/44) | 100 (46/46) | 100 (46/46) | 100 (47/47) | 100 (42/42) | 89.1 (41/46) | SOF=sofosbuvir PEG-IFN=pefinterferon RBV=ribavirin SIM=simeprevir LED=ledipasvir GT=genotype EOT=end of treatment, N/A=not applicable because visit corresponds to EOT for given treatment or is beyond treatment window, PT04=post-treatment week 4 ${}^{a}$ On-treatment and post-treatment viral response defined as $&lt; {10}\mathrm{{IU}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ . Note: EOT is not included in treatment week For subjects infected with genotype 1, $95.5\%$ (150/157) of the subjects had on-treatment viral responses by week 4. The 7 genotype 1 subjects who had not responded by week 4 (3 subjects treated with LDV + SOF [12 weeks], 2 subjects PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {24} treated with LDV + SOF [24 weeks], 1 subject each treated with SOF + RBV [24 weeks] or SOF + SIM ± RBV [12 weeks]) had on-treatment viral responses by week 8. Two (2) subjects treated with SOF + SIM ± RBV (12 weeks) had relapsed by end-of treatment, and 6 (1 subject treated with LDF + SOF [8 weeks], 1 subject treated with LDF + SOF [24 weeks], and 4 subjects treated with SOF + SIM ± RBV [12 weeks]), had relapsed by post-treatment week 4. For subjects with genotype 2, 95.4% (62/65) of the subjects had on-treatment viral responses by week 4. The 3 genotype 2 subjects who had not responded by week 4 had on treatment viral responses by week 8. One (1) subject treated with SOF + RBV (12 weeks) had relapsed by end-of treatment, and 4 subjects with the same drug regimen assignment had relapsed by post-treatment week 4. For subjects with genotype 3, 100% (49/49) of the subjects had on-treatment viral responses by week 4. No (0) subjects had relapsed by end-of treatment, and 5 subjects treated with SOF + RBV (24 weeks) had relapsed by post-treatment week 4. Based on the results of this study, the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay can be used as an aid in the management of HCV-infected patients undergoing antiviral sofosbuvir-based therapy and can be used to determine SVR response and non-response. Results from the assay can be used to quantitatively measure HCV RNA levels in human plasma at baseline and during treatment. ## B. Diagnostic Utility ### Study design and demographics The study was designed to evaluate the ability of the assay to correctly diagnose anti-HCV positive subjects with active HCV infection. Hologic obtained plasma samples from 338 subjects who were recommended for one time or routine HCV testing. The samples were banked or prospectively collected clinical plasma samples obtained from a clinical specimen supplier. Samples were tested with an FDA approved anti-HCV test and an FDA approved HCV RNA qualitative assay. Samples were from subjects with the following risk factors: injection drug use, recipients of clotting factors made before 1990, diagnosed/treated for hepatitis, diagnosed/treated for HIV, history of incarceration, receiving transfusion of blood or blood components, receiving a transplant, hemodialysis, persistently elevated ALT levels, and being born between 1945 and 1965. Table 22 shows the demographics for the 338 HCV antibody positive subjects. Table 22: Demographic Characteristics For 338 HCV Antibody Positive Subjects | Characteristics | | | | --- | --- | --- | | Total | N | 338 | | Sex | Female, n (%) | 80 (23.7) | | | Male, n (%) | 258 (76.3) | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {25} | Age (years) | Mean | 48.2 | | --- | --- | --- | | | Median | 51.0 | | | SD | 11.01 | | | <21, n (%) | 2 (0.6) | | | 21-49, n (%) | 152 (45.0) | | | 50-70, n (%) | 182 (53.8) | | | >70, n (%) | 2 (0.6) | | Race/Ethnicitya | White, n (%) | 86 (25.4) | | | Black, n (%) | 118 (34.9) | | | Asian, n (%) | 1 (0.3) | | | Hispanic, n (%) | 123 (36.4) | | | Mixed ethnicities, n (%) | 4 (1.2) | | | Other, n (%) | 10 (3.0) | | | Unknown, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | | Risk Factorsb | Injection drug use, n (%) | 294 (87.0) | | | Recipients of clotting factors made before 1990, n | 0 (0.0) | | | Diagnosed/treated for hepatitis, n (%) | 172 (50.9) | | | Diagnosed/treated for HIV, n (%) | 13 (3.8) | | | History of incarceration, n (%) | 311 (92.0) | | | Receiving a transfusion of blood or blood | 39 (11.5) | | | Receiving a transplant, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | | | Hemodialysis, n (%) | 3 (0.9) | | | Persistently elevated ALT levels, n (%) | 2 (0.6) | | | Born between 1945 and 1965, n (%) | 192 (56.8) | | HCV Infection Status | HCV RNA positive, n (%) | 259 (76.6) | | | HCV RNA negative, n (%) | 79 (23.4) | ALT=alanine aminotransferase HIV=human immunodeficiency virus aMay report multiple races bMay report multiple risk factors. According to current AASLD guidelines, an FDA-approved NAAT with a detection level of $25\mathrm{IU / mL}$ or lower should be used to confirm a positive HCV infection status following a reactive HCV antibody test result. Agreement between the patient infected status and the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay result was determined using a $25\mathrm{IU / mL}$ cut-off, specimens $&lt; 25\mathrm{IU / mL}$ were considered "Not Detected" and specimens with results $\geq 25\mathrm{IU / mL}$ were considered "Detected". Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay results were compared to a patient infected status based on results from an FDA-approved HCV antibody test and an FDA-approved qualitative RNA test. The patient infected status was considered HCV positive if PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {26} both the FDA-approved HCV antibody test and FDA-approved qualitative RNA test results gave reactive results. Of the 338 evaluable subjects, 259 had an HCV positive patient infected status and 256 were detected by Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay (percent positive agreement = 98.8%). The results are shown in Table 23. Of the 3 subjects that had HCV RNA quantified below 25 IU/mL or not detected by the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay, 2 subjects had a detected but not quantified result (HCV RNA &lt; 10 IU/mL) and 1 subject had a quantitative HCV RNA result of 12 IU/mL. Table 23: Agreement Between Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay Results with the Patient Infected Status Using a Cutoff of 25 IU/mL | | Patient Infected Status | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay Result | HCV Positive | HCV Negative | Total | | HCV RNA Quantitated at or above 25 IU/mL | 256 | 0 | 256 | | HCV RNA Quantitated or Detected Below 25 IU/mL or Not Detected | 3^{a} | 79 | 82 | | Total | 259 | 79 | 338 | | % Positive Agreement (95% Score CI) | 98.8 (96.7-99.6) | N/A | N/A | | % Negative Agreement (95% Score CI) | N/A | 100 (95.4-100) | N/A | CI = confidence interval N/A = not applicable a The Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay detected but did not quantitate HCV RNA (&lt;10IU/mL) for two subjects, and the third subject had HCV RNA quantitated at 12 IU/mL. This study demonstrates the clinical utility of the Aptima Quant Dx assay to correctly diagnose subjects with ongoing active HCV RNA infections and to distinguish them from subjects with inactive infections in a population with prior exposure to HCV (HCV antibody-positive serology). ## Cross-reactivity in Subjects with Non-HCV Related Liver Disease Serum and plasma samples from 214 individuals with other non-HCV related liver diseases were tested with an FDA-approved anti-HCV test and FDA approved qualitative HCV RNA test. Seventeen (17) HCV-positive samples (with anti-HCV positive results and/or reactive qualitative HCV RNA results) and 3 ineligible samples were excluded. Table 24 summarizes the subject demographics. PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data Page 27 {27} Table 24: Demographic Characteristics and Liver Disease Status for 194 Evaluable Subjects | Characteristics | | All | | --- | --- | --- | | Total | N | 194 | | Sex | N | 193 | | | Female, n (%) | 116 (60.1) | | | Male, n (%) | 77 (39.9) | | Age (years) | N | 194 | | | Mean | 55.2 | | | Median | 56.0 | | | SD | 12.19 | | | Minimum | 25 | | | Maximum | 82 | | | 21-49, n (%) | 60 (30.9) | | | 50-70, n (%) | 114 (58.8) | | | >70, n (%) | 20 (10.3) | | Ethnicity | N | 194 | | | Hispanic or Latino, n (%) | 9 ( 4.6) | | | Not Hispanic or Latino, n (%) | 147 (75.8) | | | Unknown, n (%) | 38 (19.6) | | | Refused, n (%) | 0 ( 0.0) | | Racea | N | 194 | | | White, n (%) | 122 (62.9) | | | Black or African American, n (%) | 20 (10.3) | | | Asian, n (%) | 17 ( 8.8) | | | American Indian/Alaska Native, n (%) | 0 ( 0.0) | | | Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, n (%) | 1 ( 0.5) | | | Other, n (%) | 34 (17.5) | | | Unknown, n (%) | 2 ( 1.0) | | | Refused, n (%) | 0 ( 0.0) | | Liver Diseaseb | N | 194 | | | Autoimmune hepatitis, n (%) | 31 (16.0) | | | Alcoholic liver disease, n (%) | 51 (26.3) | | | Chronic HBV, n (%) | 34 (17.5) | | | Primary biliary cirrhosis, n (%) | 37 (19.1) | | | NASH, n (%) | 39 (20.1) | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {28} Multiple Liver Diseases Reported, n (%) 2 (1.0) HBV=hepatitis B virus NASH=non-alcoholic steatohepatitis aSubjects could report multiple races bSubjects with multiple liver disease reported both autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis Table 25 shows Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay specificity by liver disease and the distribution of Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay results across viral load categories. The specificity was 100% in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), primary biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and multiple liver diseases reported. HCV RNA was detected at very low levels in 1 subject with autoimmune hepatitis (&lt;10 IU/mL) and 4 subjects with alcoholic liver disease (&lt;10 IU/mL for 3 subjects and 16 IU/mL for 1 subject). One of the 5 subjects had HCV RNA detected by an FDA-approved HCV quantitative assay. Table 25: Distribution of Results in Subjects with Non-HCV Related Liver Diseases | Liver Disease | Specificity (%) 95% CI^{a} | Not Detected | <10 IU/mL | 10 to <25 IU/mL | 25 to 100,000,000 IU/mL | >100,000,000 IU/mL | Total | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Autoimmune hepatitis | 96.8 (83.8-99.4) | 30 (96.8) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 31 | | Alcoholic liver disease | 92.2 (81.5-96.9) | 47 (92.2) | 3 (5.9)^{b} | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 51 | | Chronic HBV | 100 (89.8-100) | 34 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 34 | | Primary biliary cirrhosis | 100 (90.6-100) | 37 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 37 | | NASH | 100 (91.0-100) | 39 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 39 | | Multiple Liver Diseases^{c} | 100 (34.2-100) | 2 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 | | Total | 97.4 (94.1-98.9) | 189 (97.4) | 4 (2.1) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 194 | aScore CI bOne subject had HCV RNA detected by an FDA-approved HCV quantitative assay. cSubjects had both autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. The results of the study demonstrate that the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay can determine the absence of active HCV infection in subjects with a range of liver diseases due to causes other than HCV. When real-time PCR assays such as the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay are used to aid in the diagnosis of HCV infection, a cut-off of 25 IU/mL should be applied to distinguish between non-active and active HCV infection. The HCV RNa concentration, together with other markers of active liver disease, need to be evaluated if antiviral treatment is being considered. PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {29} C. Reproducibility (3 sites) Reproducibility was evaluated on the Panther system at three external U.S. sites. Two operators performed testing at each site. Each operator performed two runs per day over three days, using 3 reagent lots over the course of testing. Each run had 3 replicates of each panel member made by diluting HCV positive plasma with HCV-negative plasma. The positive panel members were positive for HCV genotypes 1, 2, or 3. HCV RNA concentrations spanned the linear range of the assay. Table 26 shows the reproducibility and precision of assay results for each positive panel member between sites, between operators, between lots, between days, between runs, within runs, and overall. The coefficient of variation was calculated using the following equation where $\sigma^2$ is the sample variance of the data after $\log_{10}$ transformation: $$ \%CV = 100 \times \sqrt{10^{\sigma^2 \ln(10)} - 1} $$ Table 26: Reproducibility | | | | | Between Sites | Between Lots | Between Operators/ Days^{a} | Between Runs | Within Runs | Total | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | GT | N | IU/mL | Log_{10} IU/mL | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | | 1 | 108 | 10.6 | 1.0 | 0.070 (16.22) | 0.048 (10.98) | 0 (0) | 0.040 (9.20) | 0.258 (64.93) | 0.274 (69.94) | | 107 | 19.5 | 1.3^{b} | 0.034 (7.77) | 0.035 (7.97) | 0.009 (2.10) | 0.064 (14.91) | 0.169 (40.31) | 0.187 (45.12) | | 108 | 43.6 | 1.6 | 0 (0) | 0.070 (16.11) | 0 (0) | 0.061 (14.13) | 0.155 (36.82) | 0.180 (43.39) | | 108 | 602.7 | 2.8 | 0.042 (9.58) | 0.035 (8.02) | 0.022 (5.05) | 0.023 (5.30) | 0.075 (17.40) | 0.098 (22.81) | | 108 | 22710.9 | 4.3 | 0.075 (17.42) | 0.045 (10.49) | 0.044 (10.08) | 0.058 (13.46) | 0.071 (16.57) | 0.135 (31.74) | | 108 | 4195539.0 | 6.6 | 0.007 (1.65) | 0.026 (6.08) | 0.045 (10.43) | 0 (0) | 0.131 (30.97) | 0.142 (33.50) | | 108 | 58549271.2 | 7.8 | 0.010 (2.26) | 0.000 (0.00) | 0.022 (5.10) | 0.035 (8.08) | 0.105 (24.42) | 0.113 (26.43) | | 2 | 108 | 11.3 | 1.0 | 0.062 (14.29) | 0.075 (17.28) | 0.112 (26.28) | 0 (0) | 0.290 (75.02) | 0.326 (86.94) | | 108 | 13.9 | 1.1 | 0 (0) | 0.125 (29.36) | 0.128 (30.18) | 0.068 (15.83) | 0.211 (51.69) | 0.285 (73.45) | | 108 | 62.6 | 1.8 | 0 (0) | 0.044 (10.18) | 0.101 (23.48) | 0.069 (16.00) | 0.124 (29.25) | 0.180 (43.24) | | 108 | 351.0 | 2.5 | 0.022 (5.18) | 0.062 (14.38) | 0.004 (1.01) | 0.045 (10.31) | 0.081 (18.70) | 0.113 (26.56) | | 108 | 14519.2 | 4.1 | 0 (0) | 0.051 (11.78) | 0.048 (11.01) | 0.011 (2.42) | 0.092 (21.50) | 0.116 (27.25) | PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data Page 30 {30} | | | | | Between Sites | Between Lots | Between Operators/ Daysa | Between Runs | Within Runs | Total | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | GT | N | IU/mL | Log10 IU/mL | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | SD (%CV) | | | 108 | 5810012.3 | 6.8 | 0 (0) | 0.017 (4.00) | 0.041 (9.54) | 0.015 (3.53) | 0.104 (24.25) | 0.114 (26.73) | | | 108 | 77499195.7 | 7.9 | 0 (0) | 0.018 (4.24) | 0.028 (6.56) | 0 (0) | 0.077 (17.77) | 0.084 (19.46) | | 3 | 107 | 8.6 | 0.9b | 0.049 (11.32) | 0.103 (24.05) | 0.056 (12.95) | 0 (0) | 0.225 (55.47) | 0.258 (65.16) | | | 108 | 14.3 | 1.1 | 0.157 (37.31) | 0 (0) | 0.090 (21.04) | 0 (0) | 0.178 (42.88) | 0.254 (63.90) | | | 107 | 49.9 | 1.7b | 0.119 (27.96) | 0.065 (15.08) | 0.047 (10.80) | 0.034 (7.81) | 0.109 (25.42) | 0.183 (44.15) | | | 108 | 218.3 | 2.2 | 0.324 (86.23) | 0.043 (10.01) | 0.139 (32.83) | 0.063 (14.64) | 0.082 (19.09) | 0.370 (103.21) | | | 107 | 8541.1 | 3.9b | 0.248 (61.97) | 0.056 (12.90) | 0.151 (35.77) | 0.048 (10.99) | 0.078 (18.19) | 0.309 (81.20) | | | 107 | 4128761.4 | 6.6b | 0.044 (10.17) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.042 (9.61) | 0.126 (29.65) | 0.140 (33.06) | | | 108 | 63813728.0 | 7.8 | 0.012 (2.84) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.059 (13.76) | 0.092 (21.32) | 0.110 (25.71) | %CV=log-normal coefficient of variation, GT=genotype, SD=standard deviation (log10 IU/mL) Note: Variability from some factors may be numerically negative. This can occur if the variability due to those factors is very small. In these cases, SD and CV are shown as 0. a Between Operators may be confounded with Between Days; therefore, Between Operators and Between Days estimates are combined in Between Operators / Days. b N=107 for these panel members. One replicate had an invalid result. ## D. Safety and Effectiveness Results ### 1. Safety Results There were no adverse effects of the device reported while the study was conducted. ### 2. Effectiveness Results The analysis of effectiveness of the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay was assessed for two purposes: 1) ability of the test to measure RNA levels at baseline, during, and after treatment (clinical performance). 2) ability to detect RNA in anti-HCV positive individuals (diagnostic utility). See results in Section X. A and B, above. Overall, the clinical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the Aptima HCV Quant Dx assay in accurately detecting the presence of HCV RNA in samples from anti-HCV positive individuals and in accurately measuring HCV RNA levels in patients undergoing treatment. PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data {31} 3. Subgroup Analyses Not Applicable. 4. Pediatric Extrapolation In this premarket application, existing clinical data was not leveraged to support approval of a pediatric patient population. E. Financial Disclosure The Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators regulation (21 CFR 54) requires applicants who submit a marketing application to include certain information concerning the compensation to, and financial interests and arrangement of, any clinical investigator conducting clinical studies covered by the regulation. The pivotal clinical study included 38 investigators. None of the clinical investigators had disclosable financial interests/arrangements as defined in sections 54.2(a), (b), (c), and (f). The information provided does not raise any questions about the reliability of the data. XI. PANEL MEETING RECOMMENDATION AND FDA'S POST-PANEL ACTION In accordance with the provisions of section 515(c)(3) of the act as amended by the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, this PMA was not referred to the FDA Microbiology Devices Advisory Panel, an FDA advisory committee, for review and recommendation because the information in the PMA substantially duplicates information previously reviewed by this panel. XII. CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES A. Effectiveness Conclusions - The effectiveness of the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay has been demonstrated when used for the quantitation of HCV RNA in human plasma [EDTA, ACD, plasma preparation tubes (PPT)] and serum and serum separation tubes (SST) for diagnosis in patients who are anti-HCV positive and for the management of patients undergoing treatment. - There are no issues with endogenous interferents at physiological levels or with commonly administered medications. - Whole blood can be stored at 2°C to 30°C and must be centrifuged within 6 hours of specimen collection. Plasma or serum may then be stored under one of the following conditions: - In the primary collection tube or specimen aliquot tube (SAT) at 2°C to 25°C for up to 24 hours. - In the primary collection tube or SAT at 2°C to 8°C for up to 5 days, or - In the SAT at -20°C for up to 60 days. PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data Page 32 {32} - The preservatives that the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay reagents and controls contain have been shown to meet USP Chapter 51 criteria. - The Aptima Quant Dx assay reagents can be stored at 2-8°C for 15 months. - The clinical performance was evaluated in an ethnically diverse population representative of the intended use population: anti-HCV positive individuals (see diagnostic utility studies, above) and patients undergoing HCV therapy (see clinical performance studies, above). Overall, the clinical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the Aptima HCV Quant Dx assay in accurately detecting the presence of HCV RNA in samples from anti-HCV positive individuals and in accurately measuring HCV RNA levels in patients undergoing treatment. ## B. Safety Conclusions Based on the results of the analytical and clinical laboratory studies, the Aptima HCV Quant Dx Assay, when used according to the provided directions and in conjunction with other laboratory results and clinical information, should be safe and pose minimal risk to the patient due to false test results. ## C. Benefit-Risk Determination The benefits outweigh the risks at the level of performance observed in the pivotal clinical study. Complementary analytical studies strengthen this conclusion. Accurate detection and quantitation of HCV RNA is an essential component of the diagnosis of active HCV infection and the treatment of HCV. In an era of highly effective treatment for active HCV infection, the identification of patients with active infection as candidates for treatment and ascertainment of sustained virological response has substantial individual benefit (i.e., reduction of the risk of progressive liver disease and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma) and public health benefit (i.e., interruption of transmission). Risks include false positive/false negative test results and inaccurate quantification. These are substantially mitigated by device design (i.e., use of controls), and the likelihood of additional testing for false positive or false negative results. Errors of quantification in the current era of highly active antiviral therapy are unlikely to be significant outside of unique circumstances. Patient Perspectives This submission did not include specific information on patient perspectives for this device. ## D. Overall Conclusions The data in this application support the reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of this device when used in accordance with the indications for use. The rate of false positive and false negative results is within acceptable limits compared with previously approved tests. Therefore, this device should benefit the physician in PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data Page 33 {33} the diagnosis and management of HCV infected patients when used according to the directions for use in the labeling. ## XIII. CDRH DECISION CDRH issued an approval order on February 13, 2017. The applicant’s manufacturing facilities have been inspected and found to be in compliance with the device Quality System (QS) regulation (21 CFR 820). ## XIV. APPROVAL SPECIFICATIONS Directions for use: See device labeling. Hazards to Health from Use of the Device: See Indications, Contraindications, Warnings, Precautions, and Adverse Events in the device labeling. Post-approval Requirements and Restrictions: See approval order. PMA P160023: FDA Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data Page 34